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PubMed1990

Annotated bibliography on the reuse of hemodialyzers.

The following annotated bibliography on the reuse of hemodialyzers is offered as a service to nephrology nurses needing information on this subject. The articles with the exception of two, are those published in the medical literature from 1980-1989. For ease of access, the articles are divided into the following categories: general information/reading, dialyzer performance, disinfectant, physiologic response, and infection control. Additionally, very brief descriptions of the primary contents of the articles are included. Many of the articles also contain material in addition to that summarized in the annotation. The bibliography is a selection of the hundreds available. For a more thorough study of reuse, we recommend that the reader access the additional citations listed in the bibliographies of the individual articles included herein. No attempt was made to critique the quality of the studies being reported. Readers are encouraged to examine the articles first hand, incorporating the findings into their own clinical settings.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The state of the art of research on chiropractic education.

OBJECTIVE: To review the current status of research on chiropractic education, including barriers to chiropractic educational research, and provide recommendations for future research activities. DESIGN: Narrative literature review with annotated bibliography and formal consensus statements using a modified nominal group process. METHODS: A literature search from January 1985 to May 1996. The following databases were searched: Medline, Chirolars, CINAHL and ERIC. Keywords included student selection, curriculum, student learning, faculty development, performance assessment, instruction, accreditation, program evaluation, interdisciplinary education, institutional culture, governance and leadership. Conference proceedings and the personal files of the authors were searched for relevant citations. A modified nominal group process was used to generate recommendations by the education study group. RESULTS: The vast majority of current chiropractic educational research studies are descriptive in nature and receive no external funding. These studies are usually presented at chiropractic conferences and published in chiropractic journals. The annotated bibliography identifies key studies and potential models for future research. The education study group recommended that the chiropractic profession should embrace a patient-centered approach to health care and engage in research concerning all components of the educational process including assessment of students, faculty and educational programs. CONCLUSION: The field of chiropractic educational research should develop its theory and science by defining research issues and questions for investigation and then underpin them with appropriate research methodology. Studies of the chiropractic educational process is critical to the future of chiropractic education and practice.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed2002

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: Throughout the past 40 years, a vast and sometimes contradictory literature has accumulated regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic cardiac disease caused by a variety of mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins and characterized by a broad and expanding clinical spectrum. OBJECTIVES: To clarify and summarize the relevant clinical issues and to profile rapidly evolving concepts regarding HCM. DATA SOURCES: Systematic analysis of the relevant HCM literature, accessed through MEDLINE (1966-2000), bibliographies, and interactions with investigators. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Diverse information was assimilated into a rigorous and objective contemporary description of HCM, affording greatest weight to prospective, controlled, and evidence-based studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a relatively common genetic cardiac disease (1:500 in the general population) that is heterogeneous with respect to disease-causing mutations, presentation, prognosis, and treatment strategies. Visibility attached to HCM relates largely to its recognition as the most common cause of sudden death in the young (including competitive athletes). Clinical diagnosis is by 2-dimensional echocardiographic identification of otherwise unexplained left ventricular wall thickening in the presence of a nondilated cavity. Overall, HCM confers an annual mortality rate of about 1% and in most patients is compatible with little or no disability and normal life expectancy. Subsets with higher mortality or morbidity are linked to the complications of sudden death, progressive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation with embolic stroke. Treatment strategies depend on appropriate patient selection, including drug treatment for exertional dyspnea (beta-blockers, verapamil, disopyramide) and the septal myotomy-myectomy operation, which is the standard of care for severe refractory symptoms associated with marked outflow obstruction; alcohol septal ablation and pacing are alternatives to surgery for selected patients. High-risk patients may be treated effectively for sudden death prevention with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial understanding has evolved regarding the epidemiology and clinical course of HCM, as well as novel treatment strategies that may alter its natural history. An appreciation that HCM, although an important cause of death and disability at all ages, does not invariably convey ominous prognosis and is compatible with normal longevity should dictate a large measure of reassurance for many patients.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1998

Misrepresentation of research citations among medical school faculty applicants.

PURPOSE: A descriptive study of bibliographic misrepresentations by applicants to medical school faculty positions. METHOD: The authors reviewed 250 1995 faculty applicant bibliographies from eight medical institutions, representing six medical specialities. Using computerized library database searches or direct retrieval, they evaluated the legitimacy of each journal, abstract, and book citation. The authors classified and tabulated the following discrepancies as misrepresentations: (1) citing a nonexistent article in an existent source, (2) claiming authorship on an article that did not list the applicant as an author, and (3) altering authorship order to enhance the applicant's position. RESULTS: The authors found 56 misrepresented citations among 2,149 verified articles (2.6%). These misrepresentations were distributed among 39 applicants (15.6%; 95% CI, 11.5% to 20.9%); 11 of whom (4.4%) had multiple discrepancies. Sixty-eight percent of all misrepresentations were due to discrepancies in authorship order, while journal citations constituted the most frequent source of misrepresentation (77%). CONCLUSIONS: Misrepresentation of bibliographic citations does exist among medical school faculty applicants. One possible solution to this problem would be to require applicants to document their bibliographic citations.

Authorship↗
PubMed1999

Randomised controlled trials addressing Australian aboriginal health needs: a systematic review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and design of controlled clinical trials specifically addressing the health needs of Aboriginal Australians. METHODOLOGY: Electronic searching of Medline, the Australasian Medical Index, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health bibliographic database, and handsearching of Aboriginal Health: an annotated bibliography. Studies that met the following selection criteria were included: i) addressed an Aboriginal health problem, ii) had a formal description of methods and results, and iii) compared the health effects of an intervention with a concurrent control group. All summary data were extracted by a single author. RESULTS: Only 13 studies were identified. Nine were randomised controlled trials and four were controlled trials but not randomised. Only one of these involved adults, which is unexpected. Although important Aboriginal child health issues were addressed in 12 of the 13 studies, most were undertaken many years ago and may not be familiar to Australian paediatricians. The majority appeared to be designed appropriately. Interestingly, the two studies not published in the medical literature had the largest sample size. There is no evidence that the number of published clinical trials involving Aboriginal Australians is increasing, or that long-term applied clinical research programmes have been established. CONCLUSION: There is a profound lack of well-designed studies assessing medical interventions. This is further evidence that Australia has failed to develop a research infrastructure able to inform health care in Aboriginal communities. Adults appear especially disadvantaged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Bioassays. Patents and literature.

Bioassays, including immunoassays, enzyme assays, and assays using enzyme electrodes, and nucleic acid hybridization probes have been the subject of considerable industrial and academic research. New bioassay methods have applications in the medical, chemical, pharmaceutical, and food products industries. Recent US patents and scientific literature on a variety of new bioassay methods are surveyed. A description of these patents and a list of references are given.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2004

[Care by a primary care team for patients with eating behaviour disorders: identifying possibilities for improvement].

OBJECTIVES: Principal: to find opportunities for improvement in the care of patients with eating behaviour disorders (EBD). Secondary: a) to ascertain the profile of patients diagnosed with EBD at our health centre; b) to find out whether the handling of patients is in line with the guidelines stipulated in the bibliography as "good quality", and c) to find out whether we conduct EBD early-detection activities among adolescents. DESIGN: Transversal, descriptive study. SETTING: Urban health centre in Madrid. Ten family medicine clinics and 2 paediatrics ones. PATIENTS: Objectives 1 and 2: patients diagnosed with EBD by our primary care team (PCT) (n=13). Objective 3: randomised sample of 136 patients between 12 and 17 years old. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Thirteen patients, all women, were diagnosed with EBD. Their mean age was 21 (SD, 3.87). The most common EBD were: anorexia nervosa (46.15%) and undefined disorders (30.77%); 92.30% were diagnosed in primary care. The most common detail giving rise to suspected EBD in the clinic was family members seeking help (46.15%). At the time of study, 38.46% evolved favourably, 30.77% were cured and 30.77% were chronically ill. After diagnosis, the activity most complied with was attending a minimum of four times a year (90.9%); the least complied with were a report from the mental health services (22.2%) and weight monitoring (42.9%). Early detection was appraised in a sample of 123 females and 13 males, with an average age of 15 (SD, 2.07); 50% were evaluated for their nutrition, and 10.3% for their self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The most common EBD in the patients diagnosed by our PCT was anorexia nervosa. Most of those ill were diagnosed in primary care. During their treatment, few patients had their weight monitored and communication with mental health departments could be improved. Few early detection tests among adolescents, in particular appraisal of their self-esteem, were conducted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Verteporfin for age-related macular degeneration.

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug-drug interactions, and the therapeutic issues concerning the use of verteporfin in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DATA SOURCES: Published articles and abstracts in English were identified by MEDLINE (1990-August 2000) searches using the search terms verteporfin, treatment of age-related macular degeneration, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Additional references were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Data were also obtained from approved product labeling. DATA EXTRACTION: The literature was assessed for adequate description of patients, methodology, and outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Verteporfin is a synthetic benzoporphyrin derivative and a cytotoxic photosensitizing agent, which is one component of PDT. PDT involves administration of verteporfin for injection and nonthermal red light at a wavelength of 689 nm. It is metabolized, to a small extent, to its diacid metabolite by liver and plasma esterases. Information concerning drug interactions is limited. In clinical trials, verteporfin was effective in patients with wet AMD as demonstrated in standard visual acuity scores. Adverse events were related to injection site reactions and visual disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: Verteporfin is a welcome alternative to laser photocoagulation, which can result in damage to the retina and lead to visual loss. Although long-term trials have not been performed in humans, results from monkeys indicate possible improvement in vision following PDT with verteporfin.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Donepezil use in Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug-drug interactions, and the therapeutic issues concerning the use of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer disease. DATA SOURCES: Published articles and abstracts in English were identified by MEDLINE (January 1985-July 1997) searches using the search terms donepezil, E2020, treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and cholinesterase inhibitors. Additional articles were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Data were also obtained from approved product labeling. DATA EXTRACTION: The literature was assessed for adequate description of patients, methodology, and outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that is selective and specific for acetylcholinesterase. It is metabolized by hepatic isoenzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 and undergoes glucuronidation. Information about drug interactions is limited, but a potential for drug-drug interactions does exist, given the route of elimination. Donepezil has a relative bioavailability of 100% following oral administration and is not affected by the presence of food. In 15- and 30-week trials, donepezil was effective in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease as shown by improvements on standard assessment instruments (i.e., the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, the Clinical Interview-Based Impression of Change with Caregiver Input). Adverse effects were comparable with those of placebo, and monitoring of liver function tests is not required. CONCLUSIONS: Donepezil is an effective symptomatic treatment for some patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease. Although no comparative trials have been reported, donepezil appears to be a safe alternative for tacrine, given its convenient once-daily dosing, minimal adverse effects, and lower total cost.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1969

John Shaw Billings as a Bibliographer.

The influences that a man's childhood have on his life are, it is well known, great. Life is essentially a part of the things that happen to the individual and it is the manner in which one relates oneself to these things that determines what one is. With these facts in mind this study of John Shaw Billings as a bibliographer has been approached. His early life has been reviewed as an influence on his later achievements. Stress has been placed on those events which led to his bibliographic activities.Dr. Billings was prolific in many fields. Others have given detailed analyses of his writings (1, 2). The present study will consider only his bibliographic works. The description of these follows the brief outline of his childhood and youth.

Bibliography of Medicine↗
PubMed1978

[Pediatric bibliometrics: II. Descriptive statistics on pediatric periodicals and papers (author's transl)].

A descriptive statistic study about journals and pediatric articles at international level is presented. Three of the main international repetories of medical bibliography, have been used as sources, collecting a total of three hundred periodical pediatric publications. A distribution of these publications by languages, places or impression, periodicity of appearance and percent of sub-specialization is made. In relation with pediatric papers, we have studied their presence in non medical scientific journals, medical but non pediatric journals and in those of the speciality, analizing the percentage of these papers in each one of them.

Pediatrics↗
PubMed1993

Health care CBA/CEA: an update on the growth and composition of the literature.

Cost-benefit (CBA) and cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) are methods that enumerate the costs and consequences associated with health-related technologies, services, and programs. This article examines the trends in published CBA and CEA of personal health services from 1979 through 1990. It is based on a bibliography that was compiled to help address the immense need for information on the variation and effectiveness of medical practices, particularly as researchers expand their analysis to a study of the cost effectiveness of medical and surgical interventions, health care technologies, preventive practices, and other health programs. A systematic search was conducted for all articles under the heading "cost-benefit analysis" (which includes cost-effectiveness analysis) and "costs and cost analysis." Data sources included the MEDLARS (National Library of Medicine) database, other bibliographies in specialized areas, reference lists in key articles, and contacts with researchers in the field. All titles and abstracts were scanned to determine if the articles pertained to personal health services and if both costs and consequences were assessed. If both criteria were met, the article was included in the bibliography. This search resulted in 3,206 eligible CBA/CEA publications from 1979 through 1990. The publications were subdivided into two major categories: reports of studies and "other" publications, including reviews, descriptions of methodology, letters, and editorials. Reports of studies and "other" publications were classified into approximately 250 different topic areas. The studies were further classified by parameters, such as study type, publication vehicle, and medical function. This article describes the results of this classification and describes trends during 1979 to 1990 compared with 1966 to 1978. The classification of study reports and "other" publications into 250 topic areas is presented in Appendix A. The entire bibliography is reproduced in Appendix B. Detailed tables of findings are presented in Appendix C, and the results are illustrated graphically in Appendix D. Appendix E provides the coding scheme used in the bibliography's data base.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1998

Health care CBA and CEA from 1991 to 1996: an updated bibliography.

OBJECTIVES: This article updates, through 1996, a previously published bibliography of health-care cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis, which described the literature from 1979 to 1990. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLARS databases was conducted for all articles falling under the medical subject headings "cost-benefit analysis" (which includes cost-effectiveness analysis) and "costs and cost analysis," as well as any article with the term "cost" in the title or abstract. All titles and abstracts were scanned to determine whether articles pertained to personal health services and whether both costs and consequences were assessed. If both criteria were met, the article was included in the bibliography. RESULTS: This search resulted in 3,539 eligible cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness analysis publications from 1991 through 1996. Publications were subdivided into two major categories: reports of studies and "other" publications, including reviews, descriptions of methodology, letters, and editorials. Reports of studies and "other" publications were classified into approximately 250 different topic areas. Studies were further classified by parameters such as study type, publication vehicle, and medical function. This article describes the results of this classification and describes trends during 1991 to 1996 as compared with 1979 to 1990. OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS: The entire bibliography is reproduced in Appendix A. The classification of study reports and "other" publications into topic areas is presented in Appendix B, with numbered references to all bibliography entries. Detailed tables of findings are presented in Appendix C, and the results are illustrated graphically in Appendix D.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1991

A decade of progress in statistical methodology for clinical trials.

Clinical trials played a dominant and expanding role in the evaluation of new treatments during the decade of the 1980s. There were major improvements in the quality of clinical trials in many medical fields. There were also important developments in the methodology of designing, monitoring, conducting, analysing, reporting and interpreting clinical trials. This paper attempts to review some of these developments. A comprehensive review is beyond the abilities of any one individual. Consequently, this paper attempts to offer a broad stroke description of this area and to highlight specific topics of importance based on my particular experience. An extensive, but non-comprehensive bibliography is included to provide entry points to the literature of methodologic developments for clinical trials in the 1980s.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The introduction of technologies in health care systems: from saying to doing].

INTRODUCTION: Health technology assessment (HTA) is a tool based on scientific evidence useful for making decisions about the introduction of technological advances in healthcare systems. However, there are multiple elements that influence the actual use of the results of HTA. These elements are related both to the characteristics of HTA and to the stakeholders involved -health professionals, politicians, and society. The aim of this article was to describe the main elements that influence the applicability of HTA in practice, as well as the use of HTA in clinical practice and health policy. METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed. The references retrieved, as well as additional bibliography and gray literature dealing with different aspects of HTA practice identified from the references retrieved, were reviewed. The results are presented descriptively, with analysis of the studies grouped according to the various HTA-related topics. RESULTS: Key elements that could be improved are standardization of the evaluation process, description of the organization's mission, prioritization of the technologies to be assessed, the clarity of the presentation of results, inclusion of values other than scientific evidence, such as social and cost-effectiveness values, and increased international coordination. CONCLUSIONS: For many people, the rationale for HTA is its explicit role in decision making, despite its problems. The immediate future of HTA would seem to include making the assessment process explicit, and the inclusion of HTA in decision making. This entails prioritization of technologies, setting limits on resource allocation and interrelation with political processes.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2000

Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: recommendations for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To establish evidence-based recommendations for the clinical practice of cognitive rehabilitation, derived from a methodical review of the scientific literature concerning the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE literature search using combinations of these key words as search terms: attention, awareness, cognition, communication, executive, language, memory, perception, problem solving, reasoning, rehabilitation, remediation, and training. Reference lists from identified articles also were reviewed; a total bibliography of 655 published articles was compiled. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were initially reviewed according to the following exclusion criteria: nonintervention studies; theoretical, descriptive, or review papers; papers without adequate specification of interventions; subjects other than persons with TBI or stroke; pediatric subjects; pharmacologic interventions; and non-English language papers. After screening, 232 articles were eligible for inclusion. After detailed review, 61 of these were excluded as single case reports without data, subjects other than TBI and stroke, and nontreatment studies. This screening yielded 171 articles to be evaluated. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles were assigned to 1 of 7 categories according to their primary area of intervention: attention, visual perception and constructional abilities, language and communication, memory, problem solving and executive functioning, multi-modal interventions, and comprehensive-holistic cognitive rehabilitation. All articles were independently reviewed by at least 2 committee members and abstracted according to specified criteria. The 171 studies that passed initial review were classified according to the strength of their methods. Class I studies were defined as prospective, randomized controlled trials. Class II studies were defined as prospective cohort studies, retrospective case-control studies, or clinical series with well-designed controls. Class III studies were defined as clinical series without concurrent controls, or studies with appropriate single-subject methodology. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 171 studies evaluated, 29 were rated as Class I, 35 as Class II, and 107 as Class III. The overall evidence within each predefined area of intervention was then synthesized and recommendations were derived based on consideration of the relative strengths of the evidence. The resulting practice parameters were organized into 3 types of recommendations: Practice Standards, Practice Guidelines, and Practice Options. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, support exists for the effectiveness of several forms of cognitive rehabilitation for persons with stroke and TBI. Specific recommendations can be made for remediation of language and perception after left and right hemisphere stroke, respectively, and for the remediation of attention, memory, functional communication, and executive functioning after TBI. These recommendations may help to establish parameters of effective treatment, which should be of assistance to practicing clinicians.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1997

A selected bibliography on the drug use(r) "career".

This paper provides a brief discussion of the issues in examining "heavy" drug use in terms of a "career." This is an old paradigm in drug user research, and one that has produced some of the richest descriptions in the literature. It draws on the analytic approach developed to study other criminal activity in terms of "criminal careers" as well as the literature describing the variety of career "patterns" for substance users. Research into drug user careers is focused on the most serious, chronic substance users and examines the predictors of transition from lower level involvement to higher levels of involvement. Their use differs from that of experimental or social-recreational use in terms of its frequency and its significance in the user's life. The bibliography is divided into two general headings: research which described drug use careers and methodological issues in studying drug use careers. It ranges from classic narratives of the lives of drug users to discussions of the problems of trying to characterize accurately or to follow complex lives over time.

Anthropology, Cultural↗