PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “CHARLS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Charles-Bonnet-syndrome].

BACKGROUND: The Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is characterized by complex visual hallucinations in psychologically normal people. It occurs frequently in elderly, visually handicapped patients. CASE REPORTS: Three patients are presented whose age ranged between 75 and 85 years old and they had impaired vision because of age-related or myopic macular degeneration. They complained about complex visual hallucinations and all patients were aware of the unreal nature of their hallucinations. A neurological examination of two patients revealed no abnormalities and none of the patients required treatment. DISCUSSION: About 12-13% of people with impaired vision have visual hallucinations. Neurologic and psychiatric diseases should be excluded before making a diagnosis of CBS which has little impact on the general feelings of well-being in the majority of patients. Many patients do not consult a doctor about CBS for fear of being considered insane. It is recommended that all patients with reduced vision are asked about visual hallucinations. Many patients will benefit from an explanation of these phenomena and the assurance of their harmless nature. Treatment of CBS is rarely needed.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Femoral neck fracture--the cause of death of Emperor Charles IV.

We present the oldest documented case of femoral neck fracture of a particular person in the history of orthopaedic surgery. Examination of the skeleton of Charles IV, the King of Bohemia and Roman Emperor living in XIVth century has revealed a fracture of the left femoral neck. This fracture was most probably an indirect cause of his death as it resulted in pneumonia, the immediate cause of death. This fact has been confirmed by contemporary chronicles.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed2004

Charles Bonnet syndrome and visual acuity--the involvement of dynamic or acute sensory deprivation.

A 61-year-old patient suffered from Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) while his visual acuity declined, whereas CBS subsided after he became blind. These findings suggest that reduction of visual acuity (dynamic or acute impairment) has a greater impact on the onset of CBS than low visual acuity (static or chronic impairment) per se in some patients. They may also explain why patients with low visual acuity do not always suffer from CBS. Although further studies are required, the present case highlights the importance of the differentiation between lowering and low visual acuity in the etiology of CBS.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Charles Bonnet syndrome associated with a first attack of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: We treated a rare case of Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) manifested during temporary blindness in both eyes caused by optic neuritis associated with a first attack of multiple sclerosis (MS). CASE: A 66-year-old Japanese woman became completely blind for 3 months due to optic neuritis after a first attack of MS. During the blind period, she experienced vivid visual hallucinations for about 2 weeks. OBSERVATIONS: The patient had no psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairments; therefore, the visual hallucinations during the period of blindness were indicative of CBS. Unexpectedly, the hallucinations disappeared without treatment following her recovery of vision. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, visual impairment during a first attack of MS can be associated with visual hallucinations indicative of CBS. The hallucinations can disappear spontaneously with the recovery of vision without treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Visual hallucinations and the Charles Bonnet syndrome.

After dividing clinicians for almost 70 years, Charles Bonnet syndrome has reached an impasse. Defined by a neurologist in the 1930s, the syndrome was intended to eponymize the association of visual hallucinations with age, but evolved into one describing their association with eye disease or, more recently, an etiologically neutral phenomenologic description. Each tradition has its merits but none has defined a specific clinical entity or accounted for visual hallucinations across the spectrum of associated clinical conditions. Recent insights into the neurobiology of vision have shed new light on the problem. Viewed from a neuro-phenomenologic perspective, clinical evidence reveals two distinct hallucination syndromes: one directly related to visual system pathology, the other to pathology in the brainstem or ascending neurotransmitter pathways. The implication is of two independent but interacting pathophysiologic mechanisms and of a need to reassess the classification and management of this common psychopathologic symptom.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A myopathy associated with muscle hypertonicity in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

Clinical signs of electrically silent muscle hypertonicity are described in five Cavalier King Charles dogs. Biopsies of the biceps femoris and triceps muscles, when examined with the electron microscope, revealed evidence of sarcotubular and mitochondrial abnormalities. These included enlargement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, hydropic degeneration of mitochondria, tubular proliferations in the vicinity of the triads and vacuolar invagination of mitochondria. The exact nature of these findings is not clear and it is suggested that utilization of tracer techniques would help to explain them.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acute and subacute toxicity study of inhaled methyl isocyanate in Charles Foster rats.

Charles Foster male and female rats were exposed only once to 3.52 and 35.32 ppm doses of methyl isocyanate in separate experiments for 10 min each in an acute toxicity study, while in subacute toxicity experiments, they were exposed to 0.212, 0.265, and 0.349 ppm doses for 30 min daily, for 6 days, by inhalation. Clinical signs, mortality, body and organ weights, and changes in hematology and clinical pathology were routinely monitored to determine the principal organ sites damaged on exposure to the gas. During exposure, animals were observed to have congestion in eyes, lachrymation, nasal secretion and dyspnea, progressively increasing ataxia, and immobility. Uncoordinated movements were also observed, indicating effects on the nervous system. Upon microscopic examination of the viscera, pathological findings confined to bronchial tree, lung parenchyma, liver, and kidneys were observed.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2006

Charles Dickens: the man, medicine, and movement disorders.

Nineteenth-century Victorian novelists played an important role in developing our understanding of medicine and illness. With the eye of an expert clinician, Charles Dickens provided several detailed accounts of movement disorders in his literary works, many of which predated medical descriptions. His gift for eloquence, imagery, and precision attest not only to the importance of careful clinical observation, but also provide an insightful and entertaining perspective on movement disorders for modern students of neuroscience.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

Rigor mortis and the epileptology of Charles Bland Radcliffe (1822-1889).

Charles Bland Radcliffe (1822-1889) was one of the physicians who made major contributions to the literature on epilepsy in the mid-19th century, when the modern understanding of the disorder was beginning to emerge, particularly in England. His experimental work was concerned with the electrical properties of frog muscle and nerve. Early in his career he related his experimental findings to the phenomenon of rigor mortis and concluded that, contrary to the general belief of the time, muscle contraction depended on the cessation of nerve input, and muscle relaxation on its presence. He adhered to this counter-intuitive interpretation throughout his life and, based on it, produced an epileptology that was very different from those of his contemporaries and successors. His interpretations were ultimately without any direct influence on the advance of knowledge. However, his idea that withdrawal of an inhibitory process released previously suppressed muscular contractile powers, when applied to the brain rather than the periphery of the nervous system, permitted Hughlings Jackson to explain certain psychological phenomena that accompany or follow some epileptic events. As well, Radcliffe was one of the chief early advocates for potassium bromide, the first effective anticonvulsant.

England↗
PubMed2006

[Bacteriologic profile of bacteremia due to multi-drug resistant bacteria at Charles-Nicolle Hospital of Tunis].

OBJECTIVE: The authors had for aim to evaluate the place of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) in nosocomial bacteremia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out at the Microbiology laboratory of Charles Nicolle hospital of Tunis (2001-2003). One hundred and ninety-five isolated MDR [third generation cephalosporin resistant enterobacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ceftazidime and imipenem]. An automated system was used to detect bloodstream infections. Microorganism identification was performed by conventional methods and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: MDR bacteria were resistant to third generation cephalosporins (29%), A. baumannii (24%), P. aeruginosa (24%), and MRSA (10%). ERC3G were resistant to aminosides and fluorquinolones. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa had high resistance rates. Associated resistance rates in MRSA were moderate. CONCLUSION: MDR bacteria are of great concern in our hospital. This situation emphasizes the importance to maintain rigorous measures of hygiene as well as adapted antibiotic prescriptions.

Acinetobacter baumannii↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of agr specificity groups among methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus circulating at Charles Nicolle hospital of Tunis.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen with many clinical aspects. In S. aureus, the accessory gene regulator (agr) globally controls the production of virulence factors. There are four agr groups. Our study was done to define the agr specificity of MRSA circulating at Charles Nicolle hospital and to investigate a possible relationship between agr groups and human disease types. From January 2004 to June 2005, a total of 57 MRSA isolated from individual hospitalized patients were collected, representing 12% of the total S. aureus isolates. The isolates were identified by conventional methods. Methicillin resistance was detected by oxacillin and cefoxitin disks and confirmed by the amplification of mecA gene by PCR. The agr groups were identified by multiplex PCR. All the strains were recovered from different wards: medicine (57.8%) especially from dermatology (56.2%), surgery (28%) and pediatrics (7%). Cutaneous pus (36.84%) and blood culture (35.08%) represented the main specimens. The agr groups were distributed as follow nine (15.7%) belonged to group I, two (3.5%) belonged to group II and 23 (40.3%) belonged to group III. For 23 strains, the agr group was not identified. A relationship between agr group and type of disease was observed: agr group III strains were associated with non invasive infections (P=0.02) and agr group I strains with invasive infections especially bacteremia (P=0.002).

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Charles Bonnet, his life, and his syndrome.

Charles Bonnet (1720-1792) was an eminent naturalist and philosopher whose contributions to botany and philosophy were highly regarded and honored by his contemporaries in the scientific community of his era in France and England. In1760 he first described and analyzed formed visual hallucinations experienced by his grandfather. The syndrome was named after Bonnet in 1937 by George de Mosier, another native of Geneva, Switzerland.

Hallucinations↗
PubMed2002

Charles Wilberforce Daniels, FRCP (1862-1927): underrated pioneer of tropical medicine.

Charles Wilberforce Daniels was a major pioneer in the early days of the newly-formed medical specialism--tropical medicine. At the London School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) of which he was a leading stalwart, he took an active part in research, teaching and administration. But like others in the new discipline he spent a great deal of time at various tropical locations: Fiji, British Guiana--where he made important observations on various forms of filariasis-- east Africa, and Malaya. However, his most important research contribution was arguably confirmation of Ronald Ross' 1898 discovery of the complete life-cycle of avian malaria, in Calcutta.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Charles Drew and the origins of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Convinced that the high risk of operation using the early heart-lung machines was due to a toxic effect of the oxygenators in use in the 1950s, Charles Drew of Westminster Hospital in London devised a circulatory support system in which the patient's own lungs functioned as the oxygenator. With this support, body temperature was reduced to the point where circulatory arrest could be tolerated for the time required to carry out the intracardiac operation. He used only this technique for the rest of his surgical career, a period of 22 years. We have attempted to record how this came to pass and to describe the qualities of this man that led him to be original and creative.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social and psychological characteristics of elderly visually handicapped patients with the Charles Bonnet Syndrome.

The Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterized by the presence of complex visual hallucinations in psychologically normal people. The syndrome occurs predominantly in the visually handicapped elderly. Little is known about its etiology and pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of CBS with psychological and social determinants. All subjects were patients older than 64 years from a low-vision unit. Using a case-control approach, 50 patients with CBS and 80 patients without visual hallucinations were interviewed about their educational level, social circumstances, number of social contacts, and ability to cope with visual handicap. Loneliness was measured with the De Jong-Gierveld-Kamphuis loneliness scale, and personality traits were examined with the Dutch-language short version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ([MMPI] Nederlandse Verkorte MMPI [NVM]). Compared with the control group, significantly more CBS patients were lonely. Mean scores on the NVM shyness scale and extraversion scale were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in CBS patients. In multiple logistic regression analysis for the three determinants simultaneously, loneliness and low extraversion were significant predictors for CBS, but shyness was not. It is concluded that loneliness, low extraversion, and shyness are risk indicators for CBS in elderly visually handicapped people. The findings suggest that CBS is associated with a low quality of social contacts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The rarity of Charles Bonnet syndrome.

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterized by complex visual hallucinations in otherwise psychologically normal people. Estimates of the prevalence of CBS in different samples vary from a small percentage (around 1%), to a relatively large percentage (about 10%). The purpose of the present study is to determine whether CBS is rare or not. One-thousand ophthalmologic and optometric outpatients at a university hospital were consecutively screened by a questionnaire to identify patients possibly experiencing visual hallucinations. The mean corrected visual acuity in the best eye was 1.1. Those who positively responded to the questionnaire were further investigated to determine whether their symptoms were consistent with CBS. As a result, the prevalence of CBS was 0.5% (5/1000). In subclass analyses, the prevalence was 3 of 372 (0.8%) in the low vision group, 2 of 346 (0.6%) in the elderly, and 1 of 120 (0.8%) in both conditions. These were not significantly different from each other or from the overall prevalence (0.5%). This low prevalence of CBS in our subjects may be due to their relatively good visual acuity because previous studies with high prevalence of CBS investigated patients with a visual acuity of less than 0.3. The prevalence of CBS may be low in patients with these particular characteristics, and this syndrome seems to be rare in even ophthalmologic and optometric patients if they do not have seriously low vision. Further studies are needed to investigate the prevalence of CBS in general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ophthalmic practice of Charles H. Mayo, M.D.

With no formal training in ophthalmology, Dr. Charles H. Mayo (the younger Mayo brother) undertook the unwanted task of diagnosing ocular disease and managing patients with such disorders in rural southeastern Minnesota during the 20-year period 1889 through 1908. This endeavor was ancillary to a busy general practice in partnership with his father and older brother. A series of his office ledgers provides a daily panorama of the foibles, remedies, and diagnoses associated with an ophthalmic practice during that era.

History, 19th Century↗