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PubMed2004

Basal CD34(+) cell count predicts peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization and collection in healthy donors after administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

We analyzed factors predicting CD34(+) cell mobilization and collection after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration in 47 healthy donors. Basal CD34(+) cell count and sex were the two variables that significantly predicted a better CD34(+) cell mobilization, and greater age was the only variable associated with lower CD34+ cell yields.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The association of the platelet count and the peripheral CD8+ cell count in Japanese HIV-infected hemophiliacs.

To determine the factors involved in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia frequently found in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection, we studied the clinical and laboratory findings of 35 Japanese HIV-infected hemophiliacs regarding their association with thrombocytopenia. Seventeen HIV-positive patients were thrombocytopenic. They had fewer CD4+ cells and were in more advanced stages of the disease, compared with the 18 patients without thrombocytopenia. We carried out the stepwise regression analysis on 32 patients in the early stage of HIV infection, with the platelet count as the dependent variable, and with the CD8+ cell count, serum cholinesterase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), CD4+ cell count and white blood cell count as explanatory variables. The CD8+ cell count, serum cholinesterase, and ALT were entered into the regression model as explanatory variables of the platelet count with statistical significance. A positive linear correlation in these 32 patients between the CD8+ cell count and platelet count (r = 0.50, P < 0.01) was noted. We conclude that the decrease of the CD8+ cell count may play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in Japanese hemophiliacs in the early stage of HIV-infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Measurements of intestinal villi non-specific and ulcer-associated duodenitis-correlation between area of microdissected villus and villus epithelial cell count.

Measurements of villus height, villus area, together with counts of epithelial cells in individual villi, were performed on endoscopic duodenal biopsies from five groups of patients: controls, ulcer-associated duodenitis, mild and severe non-specific (non-ulcerative) duodenitis, cimetidine healed ulcer-associated duodenitis and cimetidine healed non-specific duodenitis. The objectives of the study were two-fold: to establish if epithelial cell count correlated with simpler measurements of villus height or area; and to compare the findings in ulcer-associated and in non-specific duodenitis. Villus area correlated well with epithelial cell count per villus (r = 0.96); villus height correlated less well (r = 0.66). When compared with controls, there was a significant decrease in the epithelial cell count per villus in ulcer-associated and severe non-specific duodenitis, but this was confined to the visually inflamed area of the duodenal bulb. After healing of inflammation with cimetidine villus height, area, and epithelial cell count returned to values similar to those in controls. This study confirms that the effects of ulcer-associated and severe non-specific duodenitis on duodenal villi are identical.

Cell Count↗
PubMed2000

The predictive value of white cell count in assessing clinical severity of sickle cell anaemia in Afro-Caribbeans patients.

The relationship between each of haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red cell count (RCC), white cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell width difference (RWD), and average number of acute admissions per year (AVEADM), were determined in a cross-sectional study of 128 Afro-Caribbean sickle cell anaemia patients attending the Sickle Cell Disease Clinic of Central Middlesex Hospital in London for a mean of 7.6 patient-years. The diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia was made by both haematological and DNA analyses. The haematological parameters were determined using Coulter S automated counter during the steady state periods while the AVEADM was computed from all admissions for painful crisis, acute anaemia and acute chest syndrome, priapism, and acute stroke. Haemoglobin F level was determined by HPLC. Analysis was done in the paediatric and adult patients separately. There were no significant correlations between any of the parameters and AVEADM in the paediatric group. In adult patients, there was significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between WBC and AVEADM. WBC has a negative correlation with Hb concentration and HbF level. WBC 10 x 10(9)/L and above is associated with Hb and HbF level below the mean for the group. WBC is lower but not significantly, in patients with single alpha-gene deletion than in those without deletion (P = 0.06). This study suggests that higher WBC count may suggest possible increased hospital admission, lower Hb concentration, and lower HbF level, in adult patients, and that, as a single parameter it can be of value in the assessment of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Possible mechanisms for these findings are also suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Surgical and physical stress increases circulating blood dendritic cell counts independently of monocyte counts.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have the unique ability to initiate a primary immune response. The effect of physiologic stress on circulating blood DCs has thus far not been studied. In this study, we applied a recently developed method of counting blood DCs to test the hypothesis that significant stress to the body such as surgery and exercise might induce measurable changes in the DC numbers, subsets, phenotype, and function. Twenty-six patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 4 for elective hysterectomy, 56 controls, and 5 volunteers who underwent a stress exercise test were enrolled in the study. Absolute DC counts increased acutely (71.7% +/- 11% [SEM], P =.0001) in response to the stress of surgery and dropped below preoperative levels (-25% +/- 14% [SEM], P =.05) on days 2-3. The perioperative DC subset balance remained constant. Interestingly, DC counts changed independently of monocyte counts. Exercise also induced a rise in DC counts but coincidentally with monocyte counts. Surprisingly, no phenotypic or functional activation of DCs was seen in either stress situations in vivo. DCs are rapidly mobilized into the circulation in response to surgical and exercise stress, which may serve to prepare the host's immune defenses against trauma. The independent regulation of the DC and monocyte counts reinforces the distinction between these 2 cell populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Errors associated with milk cell counting.

The accuracy of somatic cell counts in milk samples was investigated in four studies. First, the counts recorded by one milk buyer in one supply over six months ranged from 105,000 to 401,000 cells/ml with no apparent changes in the volume of milk consigned or the level of mastitis in the herd that would explain this wide range. Secondly, the counts in daily samples from one bulk milk supply for 28 days ranged from 84,000 to 282,000 cells/ml, again with no apparent changes in the performance of the herd to explain the wide range. Thirdly, the replicated counts recorded for one sample by three separate laboratories agreed closely; however, when a sample with a high cell count was interspersed then two of the three laboratories reported high cell counts suggestive of 'carry-over' in excess of the 2 per cent 'allowable' Finally, cell count data from three separate laboratories on samples from 21 cows for 33 days revealed problems with the misidentification of samples on the farm in 1 per cent of the samples, and misidentification and mishandling of 1 to 2.6 per cent of the samples in the laboratories. All three laboratories differentiated samples from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis, but the mean cell count of the uninfected cows varied between the laboratories with one of them recording statistically significantly higher counts over the period.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The CD3- 16+ 56+ NK cell count independently predicts autologous blood stem cell mobilization.

Better predictive factors for autologous blood stem cell mobilization (BSCM) are needed. The purpose of this study was to determine if an independent association exists between lymphocyte or NK cell counts and BSCM. Data were analyzed on 141 consecutive patients aged 19-69 years (median 45) who received combined chemotherapy plus G-CSF for BSCM, and who had measurements of immune cells prior to BSCM. Of the 141 patients, 41% had breast cancer, 14% Hodgkin's disease, 34% non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 11% other diagnoses. BSCM involved dose-intensive cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin (DICEP) plus G-CSF 300 microg (<70 kg) or 480 microg (>70 kg) for 45% of patients, while the remaining 55% received other chemotherapy plus similar doses of G-CSF. Only a single apheresis was performed for 94% of patients. The following factors were analyzed for predictors of BSCM: age, gender, prior chemotherapy, prior radiotherapy, diagnosis, disease status, marrow involvement, mobilization regimen, Hb, WBC, platelet count, B cell, T cell, and NK cell counts. The peripheral blood CD34+ counts on the first day of apheresis (PBCD34) were 6-1783 x 10(6)/l (median 150). The PBCD34 count correlated strongly with the number of CD34+ cells collected/l blood apheresed and with the number of CD34+ cells collected/kg. By multivariate analysis using continuous variables, relapsed status (P = 0.0003), not using DICEP mobilization (P = 0.0001), female gender (P = 0.0057), low platelet count (P = 0.051), and low CD3- 16+ 56+ count (P = 0.0158) were associated with low PBCD34 counts. Using categorical variables, the only factors that independently predicted a PBCD34 count <150 x 10(6)/l were: >1 prior chemotherapy regimen (odds ratio = 5.12, P = 0.0003), not using DICEP mobilization (odds ratio = 4.94, P = 0.0001), and CD3- 16+ 56+ count <125 x 10(6)/l (odds ratio= 2.58, P = 0.0157). In conclusion, the CD3- 16+ 56+ count may be a useful additional predictor of BSCM and warrants further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Diagnostic utility of white blood cell and differential cell counts.

The white blood cell count, the differential cell count, and morphological changes in leukocytes can provide valuable diagnostic information that can aid the physician in determining the cause of illness. These simple laboratory tests, all too frequently either abused or ignored, when employed with precision can supplement but not supplant clinical judgment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2006

Natural killer cell function is well preserved in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection but similar to that of HIV-1 infection when CD4 T-cell counts fall.

Natural killer (NK) cells are potent effectors of natural immunity and their activity prevents human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral entry and viral replication. We sought to determine whether NK immune responses are associated with different clinical course of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. A cross-sectional analysis of NK cell responses was undertaken in 30 HIV-1 and 30 HIV-2 subjects in each of three categories of CD4(+)-T-cell counts (>500, 200 to 500, and <200 cells/microl) and in 50 HIV-uninfected control subjects. Lytic activity and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion were measured by chromium release and enzyme-linked immunospot assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to assess intracellular cytokines and chemokines. Levels of NK cytotoxicity were significantly higher in HIV-2 than in HIV-1 infections in subjects with high CD4(+)-T-cell counts and were similar to that of the healthy controls. In these HIV-2 subjects, cytolytic activity was positively correlated to NK cell count and inversely related to plasma viremia. Levels of intracellular MIP-1beta, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IFN-gamma produced by NK CD56(bright) cells were significantly higher in HIV-2- than HIV-1-infected subjects with high CD4(+)-T-cell counts but fell to similar levels as CD4 counts dropped. The data suggest efficient cytolytic and chemokine-suppressive activity of NK cells early in HIV-2 infection, which is associated with high CD4(+) T-cell counts. Enhancement of these functions may be important in immune-based therapy to control HIV disease.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1976

[Cell-count changes in tank-samples of milk in the period from May to December 1975].

In the period from May to December 1975, in the Central State Veterinary Institute in Bratislava 740 tank samples of milk were examined for the count of cells. Cells were counted electronically by means of the "Coulter Counter" apparatus. The results were evaluated according to the Pearson et al. key method (1971) as modified by Booth (1973). It was found that 36.8% of the samples showed values up to 500 000 cells per 1 ml of milk. The study of changes in the cell count in milk revealed that the percentage of samples up to 500 000 cells per 1 ml of milk gradually increased from May and that the highest values were obtained in November. On the other hand, the proportion of milk samples having more than 5000 000 cells per 1 ml gradually decreased in this period and the lowest values were obtained in November.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Induced sputum cell counts in healthy adults.

Induced sputum cell counts provide a relatively noninvasive method to evaluate the presence, type, and degree of inflammation in the airways of the lungs. Their interpretation requires a knowledge of normal values from a healthy population. The objective was to examine the total and differential cell counts in induced sputum from a sample of healthy adults. A total of 118 healthy nonsmoking adults were studied. None had asthma or airflow obstruction (negative history, FEV(1) >/= 80% predicted, ratio of FEV(1) to vital capacity [FEV(1)/VC] >/= 80%, methacholine PC(20) >/= 16 mg/ml). Forty-six were atopic. Sputum induction produced an adequate sample in 96 subjects [53 males, mean age (range) 36 (18 to 60) yr]. The expectorate was processed within 2 h; sputum was selected, treated with dithiothreitol, filtered, and examined in a hemocytometer for total cell count and viability and on Wright-stained cytospins for a differential cell count. The mean, median (90th percentile) total cell count was 4.1, 2.4 (9.7) x 10(6) cells/g and cell viability was 69.6, 72.0 (89.7)%. The proportions of eosinophils were 0.4, 0.0 (1.1)%, neutrophils 37.5, 36.7 (64.0)%, macrophages 58.8, 60.8 (86.1)%, lymphocytes 1.0, 0.5 (2.6)%, metachromatic cells 0.0, 0.0 (0.04)%, and bronchial epithelial cells 1.6, 0.3 (4.4)%, respectively. Female gender and atopy were associated with a significant elevation of eosinophils; mean difference between male/female was 0.3% (p = 0.043) and between atopic/nonatopic 0.4% (p = 0.024). This study has identified reference values for total and differential cell counts in induced sputum of healthy adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Absolute lymphocyte count as surrogate for CD4+ cell count in monitoring response to antiretroviral therapy.

The objective of the study is to determine whether Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) can serve as a surrogate for CD4 T-lymphocyte Cell Count (CCC) in HIV infected Nigerians on Lamivudine/Zidovudine anti-retroviral therapy. 32 adult Nigerians infected with HIV were recruited into the study. They were assessed clinically and categorised into three clinical stages A, B and C according to CDC criteria. They all received lamivudine 150 mg b.d and Zidovodine 300 mg b.d for six months. Blood specimens were taken on enrollment and at four weekly intervals for paired ALC and CCC determination. ANOVA statistics was used to determine whether ALC and CCC (separately) change significantly with increasing duration of therapy. Paired ALC and CCC values were tested for correlation. Sensitivity and specificity of low ALC values in predicting low CCC values were also calculated. The 32 patients comprised 18 males and 14 females aged between 16 and 49 years. The mean age (SD) was 36.1 (+/-7.85) years. The mean ALC value rose from 2485/l and 2352/microl before commencement of therapy to 3026/microl and 3151/microl four weeks after for males and females respectively. These changes were not significant, P>0.05. No further changes were noted over the next 24 weeks. However, the mean CCC values increased from 233/microl before therapy through 339/microl at four weeks, 362/microl at eight weeks to 398/micro1 at 12 weeks. It then fluctuated between 372/microl and 310/microl for the remaining part of the study. These changes were not significant: F: ratio = 1.28 (df = 6,181), P>0.05. A weak but significant positive correlation was established between ALC and CCC. Correlation coefficient was 0.25, P<0.05. The sensitivity and specificity of ALC 2000/microl as a predictor of CCC 200/microl were 57% and 72% respectively. ALC correlates weakly with CCC in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy and it may not serve as a perfect surrogate for CCC as a monitor of immunological response to therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The rabbit optic nerve: fibre diameter spectrum, fibre count, and comparison with a retinal ganglion cell count.

This electron microscopic study indicates that the rabbit optic nerve contains 394,000 +/- 20,000 (p less than 0.05) nerve fibers, of which at least 98% are myelinated. The fibre diameter spectrum of the nerve is unimodal and ranges from 0.25-7 mum with its peak at 0.75 mum. The projection of the visual streak fibres is not apparent in local diameter spectra near the optic nerve head. Integration of a ganglion cell density map of the retina from another rabbit indicates a total ganglion cell count lying between 455,000 and 547,000. The optic nerve fibre and ganglion cell counts are both substantially greater than the maximum fibre count previously reported.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Relationships between infection with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, intramammary bacterial infection and somatic cell counts in dairy goats.

Somatic cell counts, the bacteriological condition of the milk and antibodies against caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) were measured monthly throughout lactation in 121 lactating goats of the Murcia-Granada breed in four commercial dairy goat herds. The prevalence of bacterial intramammary infection was 5.6 per cent and the prevalence of CAEV infection was 20.6 per cent. An analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of herd, intramammary infection and the interaction between intramammary infection and CAEV on the somatic cell count. In udder halves free of intramammary infection, the somatic cell counts were significantly lower in seronegative goats than in seropositive goats (P<0.05), but the difference was not significant in udder halves persistently infected by bacteria. There was a significant increase in somatic cell counts due to bacterial intramammary infection (P<0.01) in the seronegative goats, but this effect was not present in the seropositive animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Testicular volume does not predict germ cell count in patients with cryptorchidism.

PURPOSE: A germ cell count of less than 0.2 germ cell per tubule on the prepubertal biopsy of cryptorchid testes predicts abnormal spermiograms and decreased fertility in adulthood, and may be used to select patients for post-orchiopexy hormonal therapy. Testicular volume directly correlates with testicular function and spermiogenesis. We determined whether testicular volume would predict the total germ cell count accurately enough to replace testicular biopsy in the modern management of cryptorchidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At our hospital 723 patients younger than 9 years with cryptorchidism (unilateral in 619 and bilateral in 104) underwent orchiopexy and bilateral testicular biopsies. These patients had not undergone groin surgery or hormonal therapy previously and had at least 50 tubules in each testicular biopsy. Testicular volume and position, patient age and germ cell counts were analyzed. The generalized estimating equation was used to determine whether a correlation existed between testicular volume and germ cell count. RESULTS: The generalized estimating equation demonstrated a direct correlation between testicular volume and germ cell count. However, germ cell counts predicted from testicular volume varied widely within the 95% confidence intervals. Testes with less than 0.2 germ cell per tubule cannot be reliably distinguished from those with greater than 0.2 germ cell per tubule. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular volume does not accurately predict the germ cell count in patients with undescended testes, cannot be used to select patients for post-orchiopexy hormonal therapy and cannot replace testicular biopsy in the modern management of cryptorchidism.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Influence of endothelial cell count of donor's cornea on endothelial cell loss.

In an experimental study porcine corneas were trephined using different trephining procedures. For every series of trephinations, the initial cell count of the donor cornea was found to play a role in the resulting damage induced by the cutting procedure. Pretreatment of corneas and modifications of trephining conditions did not change the negative correlations between cell count and damage due to trephining.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Somatic cell counts: associated factors and relationship to production.

Factors affecting somatic cell counts and the association between somatic cell counts and milk production were evaluated. Data were collected from 748 Ontario Dairy Herd Improvement Corporation supervised herds that were on production and somatic cell count programs between April 1981 and March 1983. Two data files were created; one, the lactation summary file, contained one record per cow on each of 9406 Holsteins and the other, the test day file, included results of all tests during the complete lactation on each of the above cows. The latter file contained 85,236 records. Multiple curvilinear least squares regression was used to create five separate models. The dependent variables used in the models were natural logarithms (Loge) of the geometric mean of the somatic cell count for the lactation, 305 day milk production and breed class average for milk from the lactation summary file, and loge of the 24 hour somatic cell count and 24 hour milk production from the test day file. The somatic cell count at both the lactation and test day level increased with age up to approximately ten years and thereafter slowly decreased. The variable "days in milk" was not significantly associated with the lactation average somatic cell count. A curvilinear relationship was found between days in lactation at the time of test and the somatic cell count of 24 hour milk production. The somatic cell count increased until approximately 250 days in lactation and thereafter slowly decreased. It was found that the highest cell counts occurred in summer and the lowest in winter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗