PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Chlorpropham”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

103 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The role of the cytoskeleton in the polarized growth of the germ tube in Candida albicans.

Cells of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans are easily induced to germinate in synchrony. Using germinating cells of strain FC18, we examined the effects of several drugs that are known to affect the cytoskeleton on growth and cytoskeletal organization. Cytochalasin A (CA), an inhibitor of actin function, inhibited the germination of the yeast cells and changed the cylindrical expansion of the apex of the germ tube to swelling growth. Effects of CA on the organization of actin were examined with rhodamine-phalloidin (Rh-Ph), which specifically stains F-actin. In CA-untreated cells, Rh-Ph staining resulted in condensed dot-like fluorescence at the growing tip, as well as filamentous fluorescence (actin cables) that ran from the apex to the basal region. In CA-treated cells, condensed dot-like fluorescence was still observed at the swelling tip, but actin cables had disappeared completely. This result indicates that CA does not affect the asymmetrical distribution of actin, and suggests that the actin cables are not required for maintenance of the polarized localization of actin. Benomyl, an anti-microtubule drug, inhibited the germination of yeast cells and the apical growth of germinated cells. Benomyl not only disrupted microtubules (MTs), but also affected the distribution of actin. In benomyl-treated cells, actin dots were randomly dispersed all over the cell. This result indicates that benomyl destroyed the mechanism that maintains the asymmetrical distribution of actin, and suggests that MTs are involved in such a mechanism. The polarized localization of organelles is one of the most important factors associated with dimorphism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1985

Immunofluorescence microscopy of microtubules in intact cell lineages of the moss, Physcomitrella patens. I. Normal and CIPC-treated tip cells.

Monoclonal antibodies to yeast tubulin have been used to visualize the distribution of microtubules in the intact filamentous protonemata of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Protonemata were prepared for immunofluorescence by fixation in formaldehyde and cells were made permeable with Driselase. Extensive cell files were preserved by 'blotting' the moss onto glutaraldehyde-derivatized coverslips. Problems due to fluorescence from chloroplasts were obviated by extraction with dimethyl sulphoxide and the non-ionic detergent, Nonidet NP40. These improvements allowed us to determine that microtubules were present throughout the cell cycle in the apical dome of caulonemal tip cells, that was a pronounced association of microtubules with the nucleus, that 'astral' microtubules were associated with the mitotic spindle and during anaphase may be involved in reorientation of the spindle before an oblique cytokinesis in caulonemata and that the cytokinetic phragmoplast appeared identical to the structure described for higher plants. Microtubules appeared to converge at the very tip of apical caulonemal cells and this was studied further by treating cells with CIPC--a drug that is known to produce multiple microtubule-organizing centres--and which here produces multiple foci for microtubules at the tip. These observations emphasize the involvement of microtubules in tip growth, alignment of the cell plate and nuclear migration--processes that are fundamental to the morphogenesis of filamentous organisms.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and characterization of mutants supersensitive to the spindle poison, isopropyl N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Mutants supersensitive to the spindle poison, Isopropyl N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC) of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe were isolated and characterized genetically. Fourteen different recessive loci were assigned for the mutation (donated as cps1 to cps14) and two, cps1 and cps3, were mapped precisely on the chromosomes. Nine mutant strains were also supersensitive to phenothiazine derivatives, inhibitors of calcium-binding protein calmodulin. Four of nine strains were incapable of growing in the presence of 10 microM calcium ionophore A23187, at which the drug had no effect on cell growth in other strains. Fluorescence microscopy using the DAPI and Calcofluor staining methods showed two strains out of four to be defective in normal cell division; most stationary-phase cells of the cps6 mutant were seen to be bi- or tetra-nucleate, being partitioned with one or three septa, respectively. In the other mutant (cps8), enlarged cells were unequally partitioned with multisepta, and each compartment contained several daughter nuclei. The septa appeared aberrant in position within the cell, and situated diagonally but not vertically along the long cell axis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

A novel mutation involved in the mitotic checkpoint in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The cps8 mutation which confers supersensitivity to a spindle poison, Isopropyl N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC), in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was investigated. The cps8 mutant accumulated enlarged multinucleate cells in the stationary phase under normal growth conditions. The mutant was highly lethal at 36.5 degrees C in a fresh growth medium but not in a saline solution where the cell cycle ceases quickly. Lethality at high temperature was significantly suppressed by cdc1 or nda2 mutation which blocks nuclear division, but not by hydroxyurea treatment or cdc22 mutation which blocks DNA synthesis. A cdc10 cps8 double mutant remained lethal to high temperature, suggesting this double mutant to bypass the requirement for cdc10+ indispensable for the cell cycle start in a wild-type cell. After being transferred to a fresh medium at 36.5 degrees C, the multinucleate cells rapidly divided with aberrant nuclear segregation. Thus, cps8 mutation allows cells to undergo mitosis without DNA replication at the restrictive temperature. The cps8 gene was mapped on the left arm of chromosome II closely linked to but distinct from cdc2 locus.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1994

Molecular cloning and characterization of a fission yeast gene responsible for supersensitivity to the spindle poison, isopropyl N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate.

The cps3 gene of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, was previously identified as a mutation conferring supersensitivity to the spindle poison, isopropyl N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC). A 3.2 kb DNA fragment that complements the mutant phenotype was cloned from a S. pombe genomic library. The base sequence analysis showed that the fragment contains a maximum 1086 nucleotide open reading frame and that the putative product consists of 362 amino acids, having a molecular weight of 39.3 KDa. No significant homology of the potential product with known proteins could be found by database searches. A disruptant of the gene, produced by insertion of a ura4+ fragment was able to germinate, but not to undergo cell division, suggesting that the gene to be essential for the cell cycle progression. The disruption experiment suggests that the gene is an extragenic suppressor of cps3 mutation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between the division plane and spindle geometry in Allium cells treated with CIPC and griseofulvin: an anti-tubulin study.

Isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate (CIPC), and griseofulvin, were used to perturb mitosis and the subsequent plane of division in meristematic cells of Allium cepa. The effects of these compounds on the microtubule organization throughout the cell cycle were investigated by immunofluorescence techniques. Microtubules were not disassembled by drug treatment, but the spindle organization was disrupted, resulting in tripolar spindles which gave rise to multiple nuclei. Ensuing cell plates, with associated phragmoplast microtubules, were branched. The effects of these drugs with respect to MTOC duplication and function in plant cells are discussed as is the relationship between the pre-prophase band (PPB) and the plane of cell division.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1980

[Effects of propham and chloropropham on mitosis in cultured human lymphocytes. Ultrastructural study].

Propham and Chloropropham disturb the several mitotic figure components of proliferating human lymphocytes. The tubular structures, affected in preference by the C.I.P.C., become abnormal, disorganized or disappear. The chromosomal changes (protuberances,absence of condensation and chromosomal bridges) are principally given by I.P.C. I.P.C. and C.I.P.C. lead to the disappearance of the endoplasmic reticulum. These effects are correlated with the action of the two pesticides on DNA and protein synthesis.

Carbamates↗
PubMed1981

[Acute toxicity of two phenylcarbamates: propham and chloropropham].

The bibliographic data dealing with the acute toxicity of two phenylcarbamates, propham and chloropropham, are not very precise an often contradictory. This work is a restatement and also a demonstration of the high sensitivity of the aquatic animals that we have tested (Amphibia and Crustacea) in comparison with the Mammals (rat and mouse).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Chemical weed control in the cropping of medicinal plants. Part 1: Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) (author's transl)].

More than 40 herbicides have been tested in field trials with valerian over a period of several years. The following herbicidies have proved best suited: chloropham for application in autumn after planting, metobromurone for spraying in the early spring at the commencement of sprouting, nitrofen or a nitrofen-simazine compound preparation for application in May. The utilization of a sequence of herbicides led to a 90% reduction of the weed cover and a 65% reduction of the manual work needed for weed control. The yield and the essential oil and valepotriate contents of valerian were not impaired. The results from residue analyses are presented.

Chlorpropham↗
PubMed1975

[Thin layer chromatographic separation and enzymatic detection of carbamate pesticides in plant extracts].

The authors developed a thin-layer chromatographic technique for the separation of carbamate pesticides from plant material and an enzymatic method for their determination. The cellulose plates were impregnated with polar substances (ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and beta,beta'-oxydipropionitrile). n-Heptane/chloroform and iso-octane/dioxane served as solvents. The slight enzyme-inhibiting effect and the colouration of the plant extracts render the detection of the pesticides difficult. Nevertheless, the separation and the enzymatic detection of Methomyl, Carbaryl, Baygon and Aldicarb could be achieved. The Rf values of the carbamates are not influenced by the kind (apples, pears, onions) and the quantity (50--200 mg) of the plant material.

Aldicarb↗