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PubMed2001

Mathematical modeling of Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. However, the number of cases in an outbreak is usually relatively small. This precludes many traditional statistical methods of modeling epidemics. Stochastic models are designed to deal with small numbers and are promising methods of understanding C. difficile epidemiology. This is illustrated by a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo model based on the herd immunity hypothesis of C. difficile outbreaks.

Clostridioides difficile↗
PubMed1997

[Application of gas chromatography to identification of Clostridium difficile].

With chromatograph produced in our country, the gas chromatograms of fatty acid metabolites of five strains of Clostridium difficile isolated from stool of patients with tumor and one strain for control were compared and analysed by using stainless steel chromatographic column, 15% modified polyethylene glycol stationary phase nitrogen carriergas 140 degrees C column temperature and 190 degrees C detector temperature. The chromatograms of the isolated strains and the control strain were found to be extremely similar. All of them were peaks of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and isocaproic acid. In comparison, the peaks of acetic, butyric, and isocaproic acid were higher, those of the isobutyric and isovaleric acid were medium and those of propionic and valeric acid were lower. Moreover, a low, flat peak appeared at 14th minute and was similar to that of p-cresol reported by Berg et al. The results of our experiment revealed that gas chromatography may be used as a simple, quick method for the identification of Clostridium difficile.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1994

[A role of platelet activating factor in experimental hemorrhagic enteritis induced by Clostridium difficile toxin].

Clostridium difficile is thought to be an important causative agent of antibiotics associated colitis. However its mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of PAF and free radicals on experimental hemorrhagic enteritis induced by Clostridium difficile toxin. PAF concentration in the portal blood and accumulated fluid, disturbance of the vascular endothelial cells in the ligated jejunal loops and chemiluminescence activity of WBC in the control group's rats increased from 4 hrs over 10 hrs after the administration of Clostridium difficile toxin. On the other hand, the amount of fluid accumulation, protein concentrations in the accumulated fluids, histological changes in the ligated jejunal loops of toxin administered rats and chemiluminescence activity of WBC were significantly suppressed by PAF antagonist (CV6209:TAKEDA). These results suggest that PAF and free radicals may have some role in microcirculatory disturbance and hyperpermeability of the blood vessels in the intestine of hemorrhagic enteritis induced by Clostridium difficile toxin.

Animals↗