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Results for “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Comparing the process in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Archival records were used to compare the therapy process in 30 brief psychodynamic and 32 cognitive-behavioral therapies. Verbatim transcripts of 186 treatment sessions were rated with the Psychotherapy Process Q-set, designed to provide a standard language for the description of process. Results demonstrated that although some features were common to both treatments, there were important differences. Cognitive-behavioral therapy promoted control of negative affect through the use of intellect and rationality combined with vigorous encouragement, support, and reassurance from therapists. In psychodynamic psychotherapies, there was an emphasis on the evocation of affect, on bringing troublesome feelings into awareness, and on integrating current difficulties with previous life experience, using the therapist-patient relationship as a change agent. The clinical theoretical precepts underlying psychodynamic treatments received considerable support. In cognitive-behavioral therapies, there was evidence for the importance of developmental, as opposed to rationalist, intervention strategies for treatment outcome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of pharmacological (amitriptyline HCL) and nonpharmacological (cognitive-behavioral) therapies for chronic tension headaches.

Forty-one recurrent tension headache sufferers were randomly assigned to either cognitive-behavioral therapy (administered in a primarily home-based treatment protocol) or to amitriptyline therapy (with dosage individualized at 25, 50, or 75 mg/day). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and amitriptyline each yielded clinically significant improvements in headache activity, both when improvement was assessed with patient daily recordings (56% and 27% reduction in headache index, respectively), and when improvement was assessed with neurologist ratings of clinical improvement (94% and 69% of patients rated at least moderately improved, respectively). In instances where differences in treatment effectiveness were observed (headache index, somatic complaints, perceptions of control of headache activity), cognitive-behavioral therapy yielded somewhat more positive outcomes than did amitriptyline. Neither treatment, however, eliminated headache problems.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Cognitive-behavioral therapy with simultaneous nutritional and physical activity education in obese patients with binge eating disorder.

An important problem with obese patients suffering from binge eating disorders (BED) is to treat their dysfunctional eating patterns while initiating a weight loss. We propose to assess a cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with a nutritional and a physical activity program. Our purpose is to verify that the addition of a nutritional and a physical program leads to a significant weight loss and enables psychological improvement. The patients (n=61) participated in a 12 weekly sessions group treatment of either a purely cognitive-behavioral therapy, or a cognitive-behavioral therapy associated to a nutritional approach mainly focused on fat restriction, or to a cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with a nutritional and a physical activity approach. The mean weight loss is significant (p<0.01) after the association of the cognitive-behavioral therapy and the nutritional education, but is even more significant (p<0.001) after the combination of a cognitive-behavioral therapy with a nutritional education and a physical activity program. Depression scores decrease in the three approaches, anxiety (p<0.05) results improve only in the combined nutritional, physical activity and cognitive-behavioral approach. Eating disorders improved significantly in all three approaches even if improvements in subscales seem more important in the combined approach. Finally, exercise seems to be a positive addition to the nutritional cognitive-behavioral therapy since it decreases negative mood, improves eating disorders and leads to an effective body weight loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the core symptoms of bulimia nervosa.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely regarded as the treatment of choice for bulimia nervosa (BN), with previous reviews of the CBT outcome literature claiming an approximate 40%-50% recovery rate. Most of these reviews have focused on reductions of binge eating and purging; however, the cognitive model of BN that underlies the CBT approach identifies three additional symptoms as central to the disorder: restrictive eating, concerns with shape and weight, and self-esteem. The purpose of this review was to determine the effect of CBT on the five core symptoms of BN, particularly those neglected in previous reviews. This review found that while most studies provided outcome data on binge eating, purgative behavior, and concern with shape and weight, fewer studies provided data on restraint and self-esteem. While generally favorable, evidence for the efficacy of CBT on the core symptoms of BN was mixed, depending on the outcome measures used. Shortcomings in the literature are identified and suggestions to correct these shortcomings are provided.

Bulimia↗
PubMed2006

Tailoring cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain: a case example.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for chronic pain. However, many patients who might benefit from this treatment either refuse treatment, fail to adhere to treatment recommendations, or drop out prematurely. Adherence to and engagement in CBT for chronic pain might be improved by tailoring a limited number of its components to individual preferences. Motivational interviewing, in which the therapist facilitates the patient's motivation for changing behavior, might also promote CBT engagement and adherence. We describe components of a tailored CBT treatment for chronic pain in the context of ongoing research and illustrate the process of tailoring CBT with a case study.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Cognitive-behavioral therapy of panic disorder with secondary major depression: a preliminary investigation.

Controlled studies indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy eliminates panic attacks in greater than 80% of patients who suffer from panic disorder. However, because most of the screening procedures used in those studies called for excluding patients who were depressed, a question arises as to the extent to which these results apply to patients who are clinically depressed in addition to having panic attacks. Accordingly, an attempt was made in the present study to determine whether or not panic patients who are clinically depressed could be treated as successfully as those who are not clinically depressed. Two multiple baseline A-A1-A-B across-subjects designs were used, one to test 8 panic Ss with major depression and the second to test 7 panic Ss without major depression. In Baseline (A), Ss monitored their panic attacks daily. During the A1 phase, a program of information on panic attacks presented as psychotherapy was instituted to assess the effects of nonspecific factors, followed by a second baseline phase (A). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (B) was then introduced. Results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was significantly superior to information-based therapy in the reduction of panic attacks. No significant differences were found between depressed and nondepressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Behavioral therapies for drug abuse.

The past three decades have been marked by tremendous progress in behavioral therapies for drug abuse and dependence, as well as advances in the conceptualization of approaches to development of behavioral therapies. Cognitive behavior therapy, contingency management, couples and family therapy, and a variety of other types of behavioral treatment have been shown to be potent interventions for several forms of drug addiction, and scientific progress has also been greatly facilitated by the articulation of a systematic approach to the development, evaluation, and dissemination of behavioral therapies. The authors review recent progress in strategies for the development of behavioral therapies for drug and alcohol abuse and dependence and discuss the range of effective behavioral therapies that are currently available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The factor structure of the working alliance inventory in cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Studies of the therapeutic alliance in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) have varied in their results, necessitating a deeper understanding of this construct. Through an exploratory factor analysis of the alliance in CBT, as measured by the Working Alliance Inventory (shortened, observer-rated version), the authors found a two-factor structure of alliance that challenges the commonly accepted one general factor of alliance. The results suggest that the relationship between therapist and client (Relationship) may be largely independent of the client's agreement with and confidence in the therapist and CBT (Agreement/ Confidence), necessitating independent measures of these two factors, not one measure of a general alliance factor.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effects of treatment compliance on outcome in cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder: quality versus quantity.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is skill based and assumes active patient participation in regard to treatment-related assignments. The effects of patient compliance in CBT outcome studies are equivocal, however, and 1 gap in the literature concerns the need to account for the quality versus the quantity of assigned work. In this study, both quality and quantity of home-based practice were assessed to better evaluate the effects of treatment compliance in patients with panic disorder (N = 48) who participated in a 12-session CBT protocol. Patient estimates of compliance were not significantly associated with most outcome measures. On the other hand, therapist ratings of compliance significantly predicted positive changes on most outcome measures. Moreover, therapist and independent rater estimates of the quality of the participant's work, relative to the quantity of the work, were relatively better predictors of outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Therapist interventions and client emotional experiencing in expert psychodynamic-interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Eighteen sessions of cognitive-behavioral (CB) and 13 sessions of psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy obtained from experienced clinicians in a naturalistic setting were investigated to determine the various therapeutic interventions associated with high and low emotional experiencing (EXP). Clients receiving reflections and acknowledgments, affiliative and noncontrolling interventions, or interventions highlighting nonspecific client content were associated with maintained high EXP. Lengthier interventions and interventions rated as affiliative but moderately controlling were associated with shifts to low EXP. For clients of CB therapists, questions, interventions rated affiliative but controlling, and highlighting minimal emotional content were also associated with shifts to low EXP. Male therapists were associated with clients who maintained high EXP and female therapists were associated with clients who shifted to low EXP.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cognitive-behavioral therapy with gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be adapted to a wide range of clinical difficulties and presenting problems that face lesbians, gay men, and bisexual persons. The following article presents general guidelines for and two case examples of the use of CBT. The first case is a gay male struggling with social phobia. This case is an example of how to adapt a structured, empirically supported cognitive-behavioral treatment focusing on social phobia to situations that are associated with his sexual orientation. The second is a woman struggling with multiple issues including coming out. This case provides an example of how to add specific cognitive-behavioral techniques to coming-out issues within the context of a more eclectic, longer-term therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cancer-related depression: Part I--Neurologic alterations and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe neurologic and cognitive alterations underlying symptoms of depression and to explore cognitive-behavioral approaches to promoting recovery from cancer-related depression. DATA SOURCES: Published literature, unpublished raw data, and clinical observations. DATA SYNTHESIS: Depression is a progressive condition that is most responsive to treatment in its earliest stages because of the progressive nature of alterations in neurologic circuits and neurotransmitters. Aggressive screening and management using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques can promote recovery from cancer-related depression and improve patients' quality of life. Application of CBT techniques to patient environments also holds promise of relieving and preventing depression. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: By placing more emphasis on screening for cancer-related depression among newly diagnosed and treated patients, oncology nurses can expedite treatment of cancer-related depression. Working within psychiatric liaison teams or guidelines for routine psychiatric care, oncology nurses can promote recovery and create therapeutic environments that are conducive to promoting patients' mental health along the cancer trajectory.

California↗
PubMed1995

The effect of cognitive behavior therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

In order to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) three patients groups were studied: a cognitive behavioral therapy group (CBT), an occupational therapy group (OT), and a waiting-list control group. The CBT received a comprehensive, 10-session treatment package that taught progressive relaxation, rational thinking and the differential use of pain coping strategies. CBT resulted in minor changes in pain coping behavior at posttreatment, while CBT and OT showed an increase of knowledge of RA. No therapeutic effects with regard to health status were demonstrated at posttreatment and at 6 months follow-up. Clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity revealed progressive deterioration of the patients during the course of the study. It is suggested that the ineffectiveness of CBT might be due to the progressive course of RA in the patients studied, as well as to the rather small changes in coping behavior.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Treatment of phobic postural vertigo. A controlled study of cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-controlled desensitization.

In balance clinic practice, phobic postural vertigo is a term used to define a population with dizziness and avoidance behavior often as a consequence of a vestibular disorder. It has been described as the most common form of dizziness in middle aged patients in dizziness units. Anxiety disorders are common among patients with vestibular disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders, and vestibular rehabilitation exercises are effective for vestibular disorders. This study compared the effect of additional cognitive-behavioral therapy for a population with phobic postural vertigo with the effect of self-administered vestibular rehabilitation exercises. 39 patients were recruited from a population referred for otoneurological investigation. Treatment effects were evaluated with the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Vertigo Symptom Scale, Vertigo Handicap Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. All patients had a self treatment intervention based on education about the condition and recommendation of self exposure by vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Every second patient included was offered additional cognitive behavioral therapy. Fifteen patients with self treatment and 16 patients with cognitive- behavioral treatment completed the study. There was significantly larger effect in the group who received cognitive behavioral therapy than in the self treatment group in Vertigo Handicap Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and its subscales. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has an additional effect as treatment for a population with phobic postural vertigo. A multidisciplinary approach including medical treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy and physiotherapy is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for substance abuse disorders].

This article describes the current status of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy as well Relapse Prevention and Coping Skill approaches applied in drug abuse treatments. The objective is show a review about theories and technique used by Cognitive Therapy and others approaches derived that, specifically Relapse Prevention and Coping Skill Treatments. Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy, Coping Skill, and Relapse Prevention are a short-time, goal-oriented and structured treatments. Thus, they assume a posture directive and active. We pointed out some difference between the theories about Cognitive Therapy, Relapse Prevention and Coping Skill. The Cognitive Therapy accentuated the focus in patients thought, feeling and circumstances that get in a dysfunctional behavioral. Relapse Prevention and Coping Skill are based in behavioral theories besides of the Cognitive. We, finally, look forward to introduce the lasted scientific finding to helpful the general psychiatric to improve the assistance in drug abuse treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

An evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy as a treatment for dissociative seizures: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in an open trial the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy as a treatment of adults with dissociative seizures (i.e., "pseudoseizures"). BACKGROUND: Although suggestions have been made concerning the management of patients with dissociative seizures, no studies have previously evaluated the systematic use of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of this disorder. METHOD: Twenty patients diagnosed with dissociative seizures were offered treatment comprising 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. Principal outcome measures were dissociative seizure frequency and psychosocial functioning, including improvement in employment status and mood. Measures were administered before treatment, at the end of treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Treatment was completed by 16 patients (questionnaire measures were not available for 4 patients who discontinued treatment). Following treatment, there was a highly significant reduction in seizure frequency and an improvement in self-rated psychosocial functioning. These improvements were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. There was also a tendency for patients to have improved their employment status between the start of treatment and the 6-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In this open prospective trial, cognitive behavioral therapy was associated with a reduction in dissociative seizure frequency and an improvement in psychosocial functioning in adults with dissociative seizures.

Adult↗