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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Fibre in the prevention and management of chronic disease.

Some of the evidence of the role of dietary fibre in the prevention and treatment of disease is reviewed and the heterogeneous nature of fibre is considered. The relationships between various fibre fractions and colonic disorders, including cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia and obesity are discussed. It is concluded that an increase of dietary fibre constituents is only one part of a programme of dietary modification relevant to chronic diseases of a Western industrialised society.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1983

Immunodiagnosis of colorectal cancer: clinical evaluation of Tennessee antigen (Tenagen).

Blood samples from 172 consecutive patients undergoing complete colon investigations to exclude colorectal cancer (CC) were examined for levels of Tennessee antigen, i.e., Tenagen (Tg), and carcinoembryonic antigen. Patients included 48 with CC, 34 with adenomatous polyps, 14 with colitis, and 76 with no organic mucosal disease. All patients were investigated by the one clinical and histopathology department. Laboratory estimations were performed blindly. Although there were some statistically significant differences among average values, the degree of overlap among the groups of patients precludes the practical application of Tg in the diagnosis of CC.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Rectoscopy and Hemoccult-II as initial diagnosis. A procedure in patients with symptoms of irritable colon].

The diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer (CRC) of rigid sigmoidoscopy and faecal occult blood test (Hemoccult-II) (H-II) was investigated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in general practice in a three year period and the results were compared with those of the previous three years, where rigid sigmoidoscopy and double contrast barium enema (DCBE) were the initial preferred examinations. Colonoscopy was recommended in patients with positive H-II, but also in patients with repeated negative H-II within three months, provided that the symptoms persisted. CRC was detected in 141 of 630 patients with positive H-II and in 52 of 8697 with negative H-II. The number of CRC's in the two study periods was similar, in spite of a pronounced reduction in DCBE's from 12,196 to 5656 and a small increase in colonoscopies from 3053 to 4127. It was concluded that the new strategy was no worse than the previous one and the major savings in DCBE's could be used to exchange the rigid sigmoidoscopy with a 60 cm flexible sigmoidoscopy, increasing diagnostic accuracy, shortening delay of diagnosis and removing more adenomas, which eventually may reduce the future incidence of CRC and thereby the mortality from CRC.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dietary fiber in internal medicine].

The suggestion that dietary fibre is of particular importance in our diet is a relatively recent concept. Much of the initial emphasis for increased dietary fibre began with the pioneering work of Burkitt and Trowell in the 1960s who observed that traditional African populations consumed diets high in plant fibre and that these populations experienced very low incidences of non-communicable diseases including cardio-vascular disease, diabetes mellitus and non-infectious bowel diseases, including cancer. Although it is difficult to predict from the chemical structure how dietary fibres will behave physiologically, generally dietary fibre sources can be grouped into two major types: (a) soluble, viscous, fermentable and (b) insoluble, non-viscous, slowly fermentable. As detailed below, these sources of fibres appear to have quite different physiological effects.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of bran, ispaghula, and lactulose on colon function in diverticular disease.

Bran, ispaghula (Fybogel), and lactulose were given to three groups of patients with diverticular disease for four weeks. Faecal weights, bile acids, fat and electrolytes, transit time, and colonic motility were estimated before and after treatment. Stool weight increased, notably with Fybogel. Cereal bran had the greatest effect on the transit time, reducing it significantly. There were no changes in faecal bile acids, fat or electrolytes. Coarse bran reduced colonic motility and the number of high pressure waves after food; Fybogel increased the basal pressure and was without effect on the food-stimulated pressures; whereas lactulose influenced neither. All agents paradoxically equally alleviated symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[New results in the diagnosis and therapy of functional disorders of the large intestine].

The most important pathophysiological mechanism of functional disorders of colon is motility disturbance. The best term for these disturbances is considered to be "colon dyskinesia". Dyskinesia can be classified as primary and secondary, and as hyperand hypokinetic. The following clinical forms are distinguished: with constipation, painless diarrhea, isolated pain syndrome, colica mucosa. Inflammatory diseases of colon are accompanied by chemical changes in feaces: the increase of enterokinase and alkalien phosphatase activity (enzymorrhea), the increase of feacal excretion of protein (proteinorrhea). Both enzymorrhea and proteinorrhea are absent in colon dyskinesia. The investigation of enzymes and protein in faeces can be of great help in differential diagnostics of functional and inflammatory colon diseases. In treating colon dyskinesia psychopharmacological, cholinolytical, spasmolytical and antidiarrrheal preparations are used, as well as some drugs with purgative effect. Clinical and instrumental methods make it possible to determine which type of the motility disturbances predominates. The latter is important for differential prescription of drugs correcting colon motility in colon dyskinesia. Colon motility in man ist actively affected by adrenergic drugs: it is inhibited by adrenomimetics and stimulated by adrenolytics which justifies their prescription in colon dyskinesia. Diazepam and phenobarbital inhibit colon motility. Diphenoxylate and metoclopramide have a normalizing effect.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗