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PubMed1990

Anti-infective factors in preterm human colostrum.

Feeding of the infection prone preterm neonate with concentrated immunologically active ingredients in the form of colostrum may have even more significant clinical implications than in the full term infants. The scarcity of knowledge on anti-infective factors in colostrum of mothers delivering prematurely prompted us to carry out this study. Colostrum was collected and analysed from 25 mothers delivering prematurely (Study group) and 10 delivering at term (Control group). Major anti-infective factors namely IgA, IgG, IgM, lactoferrin and lysozyme were quantitated and total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were performed. The mean concentrations of IgA, lysozyme and lactoferrin of preterm colostrum were significantly higher than in full term colostrum (p less than 0.001). IgG and IgM were found to be similar in both groups. The absolute counts of total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils were found to be significantly higher in the preterm colostrum as compared to the full term colostrum (p less than 0.001). Though in both the groups IgA was the predominant immunoglobulin, the mean percentage of IgA in the study group was significantly higher as compared to the control group. Degree of prematurity did not have any influence on the anti-infective protein levels in colostrum. However total cells and macrophages were significantly higher in colostrum of mothers delivering severely preterm babies.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Effect of enhancing curd formation during the first colostrum feed on absorption of gamma glutamyl transferase by newborn calves.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of curd formation within the abomasum, on the absorption of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) from colostrum in newborn calves. DESIGN: An in vivo physiological study with controls, and in vitro examination of calf abomasal fluid. PROCEDURES: Newborn calves were taken from cows without allowing them to suckle. They were fed either 1.5 kg colostrum or 1.5 kg colostrum plus rennet, with intervals between calving and colostrum feeding ranging from 0.4 to 12.7 h. Absorption of proteins from the whey component of colostrum was assessed from the rise in activity of serum GGT. In in vitro studies, colostrum was incubated with bovine amniotic fluid, newborn calf abomasal fluid or newborn calf forestomach contents, with or without rennet, to test the curd inhibiting effects of components in the abomasal fluid of newborn calves. RESULTS: In vivo: addition of rennet to the colostrum feed reduced the proportion of calves with serum GGT activity below 500 U/L by 60%. In vitro: 43% of newborn calves lacked curd forming activity in their abomasal fluid, and that deficiency was corrected by adding rennet to the incubation medium. CONCLUSIONS: Some calves are born with low amounts of curd forming enzyme activity in the abomasum. This may compromise their ability to absorb large whey proteins from the first feed of colostrum. Adding rennet to the first colostrum feed may improve passive immunity in those calves.

Abomasum↗

PubMed1993

Human colostrum has anti-inflammatory activity in a rat subcutaneous air pouch model of inflammation.

An animal model was used to examine the effect of human colostrum on an acute inflammatory process in vivo. Subcutaneous air pouches on the backs of outbred rats were injected with carrageenan as an inflammatory challenge, normal saline, pooled aqueous human colostrum, or carrageenan plus colostrum concurrently. Oral dexamethasone or indomethacin was administered to some animals before and during challenge as anti-inflammatory agents. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts in pouch fluid were determined 6 h postchallenge. Carrageenan challenge resulted in a significant acute inflammatory response [48.8 +/- 4.9 x 10(6) PMN/pouch (mean +/- SEM, n = 46)] compared with normal saline controls [0.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(6) (n = 31, p < 0.001 versus carrageenan)] or with colostrum [4.3 +/- 0.8 x 10(6) PMN/pouch (n = 11, p < 0.001 versus carrageenan)]. The concurrent injection of colostrum plus carrageenan challenge significantly reduced the PMN response compared with carrageenan alone [18.8 +/- 2.9 versus 48.8 +/- 4.9 x 10(6) PMN/pouch (carrageenan plus colostrum versus carrageenan, n = 41 versus 46, p < 0.001)]. This degree of suppression of PMN influx was not significantly different from that seen with indomethacin treatment but was significantly more than that seen with dexamethasone treatment. The decreases in PMN counts observed most likely reflect suppression of the acute inflammatory response because a significant amount of PMN lysis in colostrum was not observed in vitro and the accumulation of PMN granule contents was not seen in pouch fluid from colostrum-treated animals in vivo. These data directly demonstrate for the first time that human colostrum has a biologically significant effect on the inflammatory process in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Effect of dietary IgG source (colostrum, serum, or milk-derived supplement) on the efficiency of Ig absorption in newborn Holstein calves.

This study was designed to compare the absorptive efficiency of IgG from a commercial bovine serum product (bovine serum), cow colostrum (positive control), and two commercial milk-derived IgG supplements (supplement 1 and supplement 2). Newborn Holstein calves, collected at birth and prior to the consumption of colostrum, were allotted to treatment by alternating birth order. Colostrum supplement treatments were fed according to manufacturer's recommendations at birth and again at 12 h. This strategy resulted in varying masses of total IgG being offered to the calves (200, 90, 50, and 60 g of IgG for colostrum, bovine serum, supplement 1, and supplement 2, respectively). Blood samples were collected at 0, 12, and 24 h after the end of treatment administration. Plasma volume was estimated as 9.10% of birth weight. Apparent efficiency of IgG absorption at 24 h was determined. Plasma IgG concentrations at 24 h differed for each treatment (12.1, 6.8, 2.2, and 3.5 g of IgG/L for colostrum, bovine serum, supplement 1, and supplement 2, respectively). Apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was greatest for bovine serum compared with colostrum and supplement 1. No treatment differences were detected on the occurrence of mortality. However, calves fed bovine serum tended to have fewer treatments for illness compared with calves fed colostrum and supplement 1. Calves receiving bovine serum-derived IgG had improved IgG absorption efficiency and a tendency toward fewer medical treatments compared with calves consuming colostrum or a dried colostrum product.

Absorption↗

PubMed1987

[Trypsin inhibitor activity in the colostrum of cows].

The activity of the colostral trypsin inhibitor (CTI) was studied in seven milkings of colostrum in the course of the first five days after calving in 15 cows. The activity of the total trypsin inhibitor in the colostrum was ascertained in the course of the first two days after calving in ten cows in their second to fourth lactations and also in the colostrum of the first milking after calving in the case of 11 cows. The greatest CTI activity was found in the colostrum of the first milking after calving (301 micrograms X ml-1). Between the CTI activity and the concentration of total protein (CB) in the whey of the colostrum from the first and second day after calving there was found to be a statistically significant correlation (r = +0.929). The activity of total trypsin inhibitor was also highest in the colostrum from the first milking (499 micrograms X ml-1). After calving the CTI and the total trypsin inhibitor activities in the colostrum gradually dropped. Between the activity of the total trypsin inhibitor and the CB concentration in whey from the first, third, fifth and seventh milkings after birth a statistically significant correlation was found (r = +0.972). Statistically significant correlations were also found between the activity of the total trypsin inhibitor, the specific gravity of colostrum, the concentration of total protein and gamma-globulins in the whey of the colostrum from the first milking after calving. In metabolic alkalosis the concentration of total protein in the whey and the activity of trypsin inhibitor were found to be considerably lower than the average values.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[The effect of subclinical ketosis in dry cows on the composition of the colostrum and on health indicators in newborn calves].

Subclinical ketosis of dry cows was studied as to its effect on the composition of colostrum and on the health condition and selected clinico-biochemical parameters in the new-born calves of these cows. The experimental group consisted of eight cows with ketonuria and their calves. The control group consisted of six cows without ketonuria and their new-born calves. Calves of both groups were reared in similar conditions. Colostrum samples were taken from the first milking and then from the milking 24 hours after parturition. The blood of the calves was sampled before the intake of colostrum and 24 hours after birth. The concentration of ketone bodies, particularly beta-hydroxybutyrate, was much higher in the colostrum of both groups of cows than in the blood (62.6 mg total ketone bodies per 1 litre of the first colostrum of the cows of the experimental group). The concentration of ketone bodies slightly increased after parturition. The cows with ketonuria secreted into colostrum a larger amount of oxidated ketone bodies. Colostrum quality was good in both groups. Decreased viability was not recorded during the clinical examination of the calves after birth. The level of total ketone bodies in the blood of pre-colostral calves in the experimental group was 10.4 mg per litre (a much lower concentration than in blood of their dams), and exhibited no appreciable change after taking in the colostrum. The blood of calves born to cows with ketonuria contained significantly higher amounts of oxidated ketone bodies. No correlation was demonstrated between the contents of ketone bodies in the blood of cows, in the blood of calves, and in the colostrum. The calves of the experimental group were found to have a significantly higher AST activity in plasma, as compared with the control group. Twenty-four hours after birth, the quantity of immunoglobulins in the blood serum was significantly lower in the calves of the experimental group. Thanks to good attendance and hygiene, the morbidity did not increase and no losses occurred.

Acidosis↗

PubMed2006

The safety of New Zealand bovine colostrum: nutritional and physiological evaluation in rats.

The potential detrimental effects of two different oral doses of bovine colostrum were assessed in young rats according to OECD guidelines. Colostrum was supplemented at 3% and 10% into a normal rat chow. A control group received the rat chow with no supplementation. After 90 days there was no difference between colostrum-fed animals and the control group in body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, haematology and most parameters of blood chemistry including carbohydrate metabolism, liver function and kidney function. The only effects of statistical significance were a decrease in serum cholesterol concentration in the rats receiving 10% colostrum (p<0.025), and a 33% increase in serum triglyceride concentration in the rats receiving 3% colostrum (p<0.005) although this was not apparent in the 10% colostrum group. Further, histological examination of most organs and tissues confirmed that there were no apparent differences between the animals receiving colostrum compared to controls. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the young growing rats had no observed toxicological and histopathological abnormalities caused by colostrum at the levels of supplementation used.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1999

Protection of calves against cryptosporidiosis with immune bovine colostrum induced by a Cryptosporidium parvum recombinant protein.

The purpose of the study was to determine if immunization with a recombinant protein (rC7) of Cryptosporidium parvum would induce immune bovine colostrum that protected calves against cryptosporidiosis following oral challenge with C. parvum oocysts. Late gestation Holstein cows with low titers of antibody to the p23 antigen of C. parvum were immunized three times with 300 microg affinity purified rC7 C. parvum recombinant protein (immune cows), or left nonimmunized (control cows). Colostrum was obtained from each cow in both groups and partitioned into identical aliquots of pooled immune colostrum or pooled control colostrum. Twelve calves obtained at birth received either immune or control colostrum within the first 2 h, and again at 12 and 24 h of age. Each calf was challenged orally with 10(7) C. parvum oocysts at 12 h of age and monitored for signs of cryptosporidiosis. All six calves administered pooled control colostrum developed severe diarrhea (mean total fecal volume = 8447+/-5600 ml) and shed an average of 1.87+/-1.66 x 10(12) C. parvum oocysts. None of the six calves administered pooled immune colostrum developed diarrhea (mean total fecal volume = 740+/-750 ml, p < 0.05), and shed significantly fewer oocysts (3.05+/-2.26 x 10(9), p < 0.05). The absence of diarrhea and 2.79 log10 (99.8%) reduction in oocyst excretion indicates that immune bovine colostrum induced by immunization with C. parvum recombinant protein rC7 provided substantial protection against cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol status in calves fed the first colostrum at 0-2, 6-7, 12-13 or 24-25 hours after birth.

Effects on beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol status of feeding 1st colostrum at 0-2, 6-7, 12-13 and 24-25 h after birth were studied in calves. beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations decreased in colostrum during the first 2.5 d of lactation. Plasma beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in newborn calves were very low. Plasma beta-carotene concentrations increased up to d 3 after the 1st meal and during the 1st month were higher in calves fed 1st colostrum at < 6-7 h than at > 12-13 h after birth. Plasma retinol concentrations increased up to d 5 after the 1st meal and were higher during the 1st month in calves fed 1st colostrum at < 12-13 h than at > 24-25 h after birth, whereas hepatic concentrations increased up to d 5 independent of time of 1st colostrum feeding. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased after the 1st meal except in calves fed 1st colostrum at 24-25 h after birth and were higher during the 1st month in calves fed the 1st colostrum at 6-7 h than at 24-25 h after birth. In conclusion, delaying 1st colostrum intake by more than 12-13 h after birth impaired the plasma beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol status during the 1st month of life, but did not negatively influence hepatic retinol concentrations.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Endocrine and metabolic factors involved in the effect of nutrition on the production of colostrum in female sheep.

We investigated the physiological relationship between diet during pregnancy and colostrum production in ewes to test the hypothesis that for ewes that are in low body condition, with low fat reserves, the food supply will be the main source of energy for colostrum synthesis. To this end, we measured the amount of colostrum accumulated by ewes under two levels of nutrition. We also measured the circulating concentrations of metabolites and hormones associated with lactogenesis (beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, progesterone, prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, leptin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I) Ewes were either under-fed at 70 (n = 15) or well-fed at 110% (n = 10) of their daily metabolisable energy requirement during the last two months of pregnancy. Colostrum accumulation up to parturition was 168 +/-48 g for under-fed ewes and 451 +/-103 g for well-fed ewes. After birth, under-fed ewes produced less colostrum than well-fed ewes but the difference was no longer significant. The level of nutrition also influenced the plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites related to lactogenesis. Progesterone concentrations decreased before lambing in all animals but in under-fed ewes the fall appeared to be too small to initiate the onset of colostrum production. Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were higher in under-fed than in well-fed ewes, suggesting that the under-fed ewes were mobilising more adipose tissue but they still did not meet their ME requirements for colostrum production. We concluded that, in underfed ewes, there are insufficient nutrients for adequate lactation and the hormone regime is inappropriate for good udder development and colostrum synthesis.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2004

Nutrition and colostrum production in sheep. 1. Metabolic and hormonal responses to a high-energy supplement in the final stages of pregnancy.

We tested the hypothesis that supplementation with cracked maize during the last week of pregnancy would provide ewes with a substrate for glucose and enhance the synthesis of lactose and, consequently, their production of colostrum. Thirty single- and 30 twin-bearing ewes were fed lucerne hay and half of each group was supplemented daily with 0.75 kg per head cracked maize during the last week of pregnancy. Colostrum production and the endocrine patterns in the animals were investigated. Supplementation with maize more than doubled the mass of colostrum available at birth in unsupplemented ewes: 339 v. 145 g in single-bearing ewes and 536 v. 197 g in twin-bearing ewes (P < 0.001). The total colostrum produced in the 10 h after birth was also significantly increased by supplementation: 730 v. 475 g in single-bearing ewes and 1259 v. 631 g in twin-bearing ewes (P < 0.01). The colostrum in the supplemented ewes was also more liquid with a viscosity score of 5.8 compared with 5.7 and 4.5 in unsupplemented single- and twin-bearing ewes (P < 0.01). Supplemented ewes had higher concentrations of lactose in their colostrum at parturition (2.6% v. 1.8% in single-bearing ewes and 2.5% v. 1.4% in twin-bearing ewes; P < 0.01). The plasma concentrations of progesterone and growth hormone in supplemented ewes were lower, whereas those of IGF-I and insulin were higher, all consistent with a higher capacity to produce colostrum. It is concluded that a high-energy supplement, like maize, fed to ewes in the last week of gestation increases their capacity to produce colostrum for their lambs, particularly for ewes bearing twins.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1994

Feeding colostrum rapidly alters enzymatic activity and the relative isoform abundance of jejunal lactase in neonatal pigs.

Our objective was to determine the short-term effects of feeding colostrum and mature milk on the enzyme activity and relative isoform abundance of lactase in neonatal pigs. We studied newborn pigs that were fed colostrum, mature milk and water for 6 h (Study 1). We also studied unfed pigs shortly after birth, and newborn pigs fed either colostrum or mature milk for 24 h (Study 2). The specific activity (micromol x min(-1) x g protein(-1)) of lactase in ajejunal mucosal homogenate and a purified membrane fraction was lower in pigs fed colostrum than in unfed newborns or those fed either milk or water. However, after 24 h, total jejunal lactase activity (micromol x mol(-1)), jejunal mass and protein content were higher in the colostrum- and milk-fed pigs than in the unfed newborns. In colostrum-fed pigs, the reduction in lactase specific activity after 6 h was associated with 1) a marked increase in the relative abundance of a 180-kDa protein, which was shown to be one of three pro-lactase isoforms, and 2) a lower relative abundance of the 160-kDa isoform, considered to be the mature form of the enzyme. Our evidence suggests that feeding either colostrum or mature milk increases total jejunal lactase activity. The reduction in both the specific activity and abundance of the mature isoform in conjunction with an increased relative abundance of the 180-kDa pro-lactase isoform suggests that feeding colostrum alters the post-translational processing of intestinal lactase in neonatal pigs.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptors in human colostrum and milk bind to TNF-alpha and neutralize TNF-alpha bioactivity.

We used column chromatography, affinity binding, and bioassay methods to address whether the soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha receptors present in human colostrum and milk bind to and modify TNF-alpha bioactivity. In gel chromatography experiments, soluble TNF-alpha receptor I (sTNFRI) and sTNFRII in human colostrum sequentially increased their molecular sizes from 49 kD to 71 kD and 60 kD, respectively, after addition of increasing molar excesses of recombinant TNF-alpha. Application of colostrum to a TNF-alpha affinity matrix followed by washing and elution resulted in 2925-fold enrichment of sTNFRI, consistent with sTNFRI binding to the TNF-alpha affinity matrix. In other samples of colostrum and milk, the content of both sTNFRI and sTNFRII decreased significantly after passage over the matrix, but the material eluted from the matrix lost the ability to rebind to the TNF-alpha and was not active in a WEHI-13var bioassay for TNF-alpha. Specimens of human colostrum and milk diluted 1:16 shifted the LD50 for TNF-alpha 4-fold in this bioassay, and milk protection of WEHI-13var cells against TNF-alpha was significantly diminished after passage down the TNF-alpha affinity matrix (p < 0.001). Affinity purification of milk sTNFRI using polyclonal anti-sTNFRI produced fractions containing proteins of 30 kD, which could be visualized by Western blot using polyclonal anti-sTNFRI. Addition of this fraction to the WEHI-13var bioassay reversed the effects of 10 pg/mL TNF-alpha in the assay. These data demonstrate that sTNFRI and II from human colostrum and milk bind to TNF-alpha, that both colostrum and milk interfere with the bioactivity of TNF-alpha, and that affinity-purified sTNFRI from human milk blocks the bioactivity of TNF-alpha. These effects may contribute to the anti-inflammatory character of human colostrum and milk.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effects of exogenous glucose or colostrum on body temperature, plasma glucose, and serum insulin in cold-stressed, newborn Brahman calves.

The effects of ambient temperature and source of exogenous energy (glucose or colostrum) on the ability of newborn Brahman calves to maintain rectal temperature (RT) were determined. All calves were removed from dams within 30 min of birth, before suckling. Calves were catheterized and placed in either a warm (25 degrees C) or cold (5 degrees C) environment for 150 min and given either colostrum or glucose. This resulted in four groups (warm colostrum, n = 7; cold colostrum, n = 7; warm glucose, n = 6; cold glucose, n = 6). Blood samples and RT were obtained at 15-min intervals during warm or cold through 150 min, when calves were removed from cold, and at 180, 240, and 300 min. After 60 min, each calf was given either 1 L of colostrum (38 degrees C) from its dam or glucose (38 degrees C) infusion of 750 mg/kg BW. Plasma glucose concentrations were determined by enzymatic techniques and serum insulin concentrations by RIA. Calves exposed to cold or warm air temperatures had similar declines in rectal temperature from 0 to 60 min. Colostrum-fed, cold calves had a greater (P less than .07) decrease in RT than did colostrum-fed, warm calves from 75 through 150 min; glucose-infused warm and cold calves had intermediate decreases in RT. Plasma glucose increased (P less than .0001) in glucose-infused compared with colostrum-fed calves at 75 min, but glucose-infused calves had lower (P less than .02) glucose levels from 180 to 300 min. Higher (P less than .05) glucose concentrations

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Comparison of freezing and lyophilizing for preservation of colostrum as a source of immunoglobulins for calves.

Lyophilizing was compared to freezing as a method of colostrum storage. Eight lots of colostrum from the first milking were divided into two equal parts; one was frozen, and the other was lyophilized. Twenty-two newborn calves were divided into two groups and fed either 2 L of frozen and thawed colostrum or 2 L of reconstituted lyophilized colostrum. The calves were bled at 12, 18, 24, and 72 h after feeding, and levels of the immunoglobulins IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA were determined with a radial immunodiffusion assay, in colostrum and sera. The mean concentration of individual immunoglobulin isotypes in the sera of calves fed either frozen or lyophilized colostrum did not differ significantly. Calves fed from the same lots of colostrum had similar immunoglobulin concentrations in their sera, irrespective of the method of storage. All immunoglobulin isotypes were absorbed with equal efficiency from frozen and lyophilized colostrum as determined by calculation of the absorption coefficient.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Heat-treatment of bovine colostrum. II: effects of heating duration on pathogen viability and immunoglobulin G.

Batches (30-L) of first-milking bovine colostrum, inoculated with Mycoplasma bovis (10(8) cfu/mL), Listeria monocytogenes (10(6) cfu/mL), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (10(6) cfu/mL), Salmonella enteritidis (10(6) cfu/mL), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map; 10(3) cfu/mL), were heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 120 min in a commercial on-farm batch pasteurizer system. Duplicate 50-mL subsamples of colostrum were collected at 15-min intervals throughout the heat-treatment process for the purpose of bacterial culture and for measurement of IgG concentration (mg/mL) and antibody activity [log2(bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer)]. Four replicate batches of colostrum were run for each of the 5 pathogens studied. There was no effect of heating moderate- to high-quality colostrum at 60 degrees C for at least 120 min on mean IgG concentration (pre = 60.5 mg/mL; post = 59.1 mg/mL). Similarly, there was no effect of heat-treatment on the mean log2 bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer (pre = 12.3; post = 12.0). Viable M. bovis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and S. enteritidis added to colostrum could not be detected after the colostrum was heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Average bacteria counts showed that Map was not detected when batches were heated at 60 degrees C for 60 min. Although the authors believe that heat-treating colostrum at 60 degrees C for 60 min should be sufficient to eliminate Map from colostrum in most situations, further research is needed to determine whether these findings may be replicated, given that variability was observed in Map culture results.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Influence of colostrum on transepithelial movement of Escherichia coli 055.

The effect of colostrum on transepithelial migration of live Escherichia coli 055:B5:H7 in the neonatal calf intestine was determined by microbiological and microscopic investigations. Colostrum-deprived calves (2 to 6 h old) were given E. coli suspended in saline, E. coli suspended in colostrum, or E. coli in saline 1 h after colostrum. Twenty-four hours after exposure, tissues were collected for examination. Escherichia coli were numerous in mesenteric lymph nodes of calves given this organism in saline. Fewer were recovered from nodes of calves that received the bacteria in colostrum. Escherichia coli were not recovered from mesenteric lymph nodes of calves given colostrum before dosage with the organism. Electron microscopic studies of small intestines from calves that received E. coli in saline revealed bacterial attachment sites surrounded by exfoliation of microvilli. Bacteria appeared to enter epithelial cells by invagination of apical plasma membrane or dilation of apical tubules. Intracellular E. coli were enclosed in a surrounding membrane. The organisms were not observed adhering to or penetrating intestinal epithelium of calves that received E. coli in colostrum or 1 h after colostrum.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Electrophoretic and biochemical comparison of casein and whey protein from porcine colostrum and milk.

Porcine colostrum casein contained at least one major polypeptide band in both acid gel and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis that did not appear in patterns of casein prepared from porcine milk. In sodium dodecyl sulfate gel patterns, this polypeptide possessed a molecular weight of 62,000 and stained positively with "Stains-all" but not with periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Several minor caseins that appeared in acid and alkaline gel patterns from colostrum could not be detected in casein prepared from milk. Seven minor polypeptides in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel patterns of whey proteins prepared from porcine colostrum could not be detected in milk. Identical acid and alkaline gel patterns were obtained for whey proteins prepared from colostrum and milk. Only the sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic pattern of casein prepared from milk, and possibly the alkaline gel electrophoretic pattern of whey protein prepared from milk, contained polypeptides not in patterns from colostrum. Total phosphorus contents of colostrum and milk casein were 2.96% and 3.78%. Casein prepared from porcine colostrum contained almost twice as much hexosamine and slightly elevated N-acetylneuraminic acid as casein prepared from milk. Hexose content was nearly equivalent. Whey protein prepared from milk contained more total hexose than casein prepared from colostrum, whereas N-acetylneuraminic acid and hexosamine contents were nearly equivalent.

Animals↗