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PubMed2026

Advancing nursing education through social and emotional learning: A systematic review guided by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework.

BACKGROUND: With Generation Z entering the nursing workforce in growing numbers, strengthening social and emotional learning is critical for academic success, professional adaptation, and safe practice. However, the existing evidence remains fragmented because of varied interventions and inconsistent approaches. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review examined (1) the social and emotional learning essential for nursing students and nurses within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, (2) their impact on educational and clinical outcomes, and (3) implications for advancing nursing education and practice. METHODS: Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, five international (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane) and three Korean (RISS, KoreaMed, KMBASE) databases were searched up to June 2025. Eighteen studies involving 2,952 participants met the inclusion criteria, including quasi-experimental quantitative studies, descriptive quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and mixed-methods studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, relationship skills and self-management were the most frequently studied competencies, emphasizing teamwork, communication, and stress regulation. Self-awareness and social awareness were underexplored, despite their importance in empathy, resilience, and reflective practice. Responsible decision-making was the least studied competency, despite its importance in ethical reasoning. Social and emotional learning was consistently associated with enhanced adaptation, communication, leadership, relationships, and clinical performance. Effective strategies included blended learning, simulation, reflective activities, and mentorship, which are aligned with Generation Z's learning preferences. CONCLUSION: Although social and emotional learning integration is associated with improvements in educational and clinical outcomes in nursing, current research has largely centered on relational and stress-related competencies while underrepresenting responsible decision-making. To cultivate reflective, empathetic, and ethically grounded nurses, curricula should integrate social and emotional learning through a balanced and structured approach. REGISTRATION: This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251005683).

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Hemispheres as independent resource systems: limited-capacity processing and cerebral specialization.

In this article, we develop as framework for understanding how cerebral specialization of function contributes to the flexibility of human information processing. We propose that the left and right hemispheres together form a system of two mutually inaccessible and finite pools of resources. Further, we propose that these two types of resources cannot be made available in different amounts at any given time. This framework is essentially a special case of a multiple-resources model of limited-capacity information processing. It accounts for a broad range of data from experiments involving perceptual and cognitive information processing, control of motor performance, and changes in electrical activity of the brain. It also provides insights into why the cerebral specialization literature has been plagued with problems that have made theorizing so difficult. In addition, the theory provides insights into mechanisms that might be responsible for patterns of task interference that are not easily handled by an information-processing model in which processes compete for supplies from a single pool of undifferentiated resources. Thus, the framework we are proposing has important theoretical and methodological implications for researchers in both divided attention and cerebral specialization.

Attention↗
PubMed1979

Voluntary dental laboratory certification program. Council on Prosthetic Services and Dental Laboratory Relations.

Laboratory certification does not offer concrete guarantees of consistent high quality of products or services. It does, however, identify, for the dental profession, a competency and acceptability factor on which to base a predication of performance by the laboratory. Also, laboratory certification establishes a framework within which the dental laboratory industry can work to continue upgrading its facilities and personnel, demonstrates the concern of certified laboratories for continuing competence, and indicates to government and third-party payers a willingness to develop standards endorsed by the industry.

Certification↗
PubMed1990

Critical features of a curriculum in health care quality and resource management.

In response to mounting demands for quality and accountability in health care, a science of health care quality and resource management (QRM) has evolved, but too slowly and without the academic base needed to prepare practitioners to assume new roles and fulfill requirements to regulate their practice. To develop such a base, The University of Houston and The University of Texas Health Science Center sponsored a needs assessment survey to identify areas of knowledge and skills to be included in a master's degree curriculum in QRM. The study used a three-cycle Focus Delphi technique to secure experts' refinement of the survey instrument and consensus among participants, who included practitioner-members of the National Association of Quality Assurance Professionals (NAQAP), of health care administration educational program directors, and hospital administrators. Starting with a listing based on a competency outline obtained from NAQAP, the study identified critical learning needs and elaborated a framework with 12 broad categories and 108 specific knowledge and skill areas.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

Two structures of the catalytic domain of phosphorylase kinase: an active protein kinase complexed with substrate analogue and product.

BACKGROUND: Control of intracellular events by protein phosphorylation is promoted by specific protein kinases. All the known protein kinase possess a common structure that defines a catalytically competent entity termed the 'kinase catalytic core'. Within this common structural framework each kinase displays its own unique substrate specificity, and a regulatory mechanism that may be modulated by association with other proteins. Structural studies of phosphorylase kinase (Phk), the major substrate of which is glycogen phosphorylase, may be expected to shed light on its regulation. RESULTS: We report two crystal structures of the catalytic core (residues 1-298; Phk gamma trnc) of the gamma-subunit of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase: the binary complex with Mn2+/beta-gamma-imidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (AMPPNP) to a resolution of 2.6 A and the binary complex with Mg2+/ADP to a resolution of 3.0 A. The structures were solved by molecular replacement using the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) as a model. CONCLUSIONS: The overall structure of Phk gamma trnc is similar to that of the catalytic core of other protein kinases. It consists of two domians joined on one edge by a 'hinge', with the catalytic site located in the cleft between the domains. Phk gamma trnc is constitutively active, and lacks the need for an activatory phosphorylation event that is essential for many kinases. The structure exhibits an essentially 'closed' conformation of the domains which is similar to that of cAPK complexed with substrates. The phosphorylated residue that is located at the domain interface in many protein kinases and that is believed to stabilize an active conformation is substituted by a glutamate in Phk gamma trnc. The glutamate, in a similar manner to the phosphorylated residue in other protein kinases, interacts with an arginine adjacent to the catalytic aspartate but does not participate in interdomain contacts. The interactions between the enzyme and the nucleotide product of its activity, Mg2+/ADP, explain the inhibitory properties of the nucleotides that are observed in kinetic studies.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Toward greater specificity in defining nursing's metaparadigm.

The thesis presented is that nursing in its disciplinary context cannot appropriately be considered a concept in the metaparadigm of nursing science. Nursing as a discipline is guided by theories and prescriptions that emanate from puzzles solved in the domain of nursing science. Failure to distinguish between the science of nursing and its disciplinary aspects in building conceptual frameworks will retard the growth of science. The merits of three competing paradigms--normal science, historical facts, and social facts-are discussed. None of these paradigms is adequate for discovery in nursing science. Efforts to develop knowledge around the phenomena of central concern to nursing may advance more rapidly if theory building follows a set of rules, as yet undefined, that incorporates the methods of both normal science and historical tradition.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1986

Important parameters in plasma fractionation.

Important parameters in plasma fractionation are derived from the needs of providing assured quality and the operational requirements of good manufacturing practice. There are many inputs to quality assurance, collectively described as the quality design of the manufacturing process. Quality design is an all-embracing concept depending on selection of source plasma, proper production facilities and equipment systems and highest pharmaceutical operational standards. The scientific process must meet the requirements of safety and efficacy of product and balance the competing parameters of purity, potency and yield within an acceptable economic framework. The paper illustrates problems within the theory of quality design through current experience in the production of immunoglobulin and factor VIII fractions.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Court-ordered treatment in obstetrics: the ethical views and legal framework.

Four main ethical views have been put forward concerning court-ordered treatment of mentally competent pregnant women for fetal indications: 1) Such treatment is never justifiable; 2) it is justifiable provided it poses no health risks for the woman, minimally invades her bodily integrity, and would clearly prevent substantial harm to the fetus; 3) it is justifiable provided the maternal risks are low, there is a substantial likelihood that the fetus will suffer irrevocable harm without the intervention, and the treatment will likely be effective; and 4) it is justifiable provided the risks to the woman are ones she should reasonably accept, the fetal risks of treatment are minimal, and the potential fetal benefit is substantial. However, the first two views are too rigid to adequately handle the variety of clinical situations in which maternal treatment refusal can occur, and recent legal decisions have ruled out the other views. The ethics of court-ordered treatment are often discussed as though the only interests involved are those of the pregnant woman and fetus, but other important interests may be relevant. An ethical view that avoids these difficulties and takes better account of the complexity of the issues is as follows: Such treatment is justifiable in rare, exceptional circumstances provided it poses insignificant or no health risks to the woman or would promote her interests in life or health and there are compelling reasons to override her autonomy.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2026

Identifying General Practitioners, Nurses, and Pharmacists Training Needs in Precision Medicine: A Survey Study.

INTRODUCTION: The clinical advances of precision medicine, elevating clinical decision-making through use of genetic and genomic data, lifestyle, and environment factors, is improving patient outcomes. Health care professionals report they are not competent or confident to deliver precision medicine to patients. To design continuing education for advanced practice nurses, general practitioners, and pharmacists, this research investigates perceived knowledge, importance, and self-efficacy in precision medicine. METHODS: Items were informed from results of a literature review and focus group study. A one-sample t test was used to compare differences for each item toward the theoretical neutral value (indifferent in our case, to number 3). To analyze differences between professions, parametric analyses of variance (ANOVA) was used. RESULTS: A lack of time, further complicated by a lack of knowledge about precision medicine services, and how to safely share patient data, with a perceived limited network of professionals in precision medicine were reported. Respondents demonstrated low confidence in precision medicine topics while indicating a willingness to pursue training aimed at improving their genetic and genomic competencies. Participants rated topics as only slightly important to their current professional roles. No significant differences were found across professional groups. DISCUSSION: Flexible formats for continuing education aligned to needs are required to target the knowledge and skills gap in precision medicine. Improved knowledge on topics including ethics, legal frameworks, and precision services is needed. Effective educational interventions aimed at enhancing the confidence and competence of health care professionals are essential to making precision care a reality for patients.

CPD↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aging in mammalian cell population: a review.

Research on in vitro aging and development is reviewed within a framework provided by three aspects of population growth--birth, canalization and death. Although there are periodic changes in the birth rate coupled to periodic changes in the in vitro environment, there do not appear to be any age-related changes in the birth rate of dividing cells. There appear to be distinct subpopulations of dividing and nondividing cells, each with its own characteristic morphological and functional properties; thus, Weiss-Kavanaugh theory may be applicable to the growth, maturation and senescence of mammalian cell populations. Substantial cell losses occur during subcultivation and transfer; correction for these losses requires substantial reinterpretation of existing experimental findings. The various measures of age are poorly correlated with one another; there is wide variation from population to population. A uniform measure of age has been found in the cell generation, the number of ancestors of a given cell. Studies of intrinsic variation in development can provide additional insight into the developmental process. The framework of birth, canalization and death permits reduction in the number of competing hypotheses of aging in mammalian cell populations. Additional experimental evidence is needed to discriminate among the remaining hypotheses.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Reviving the superorganism.

Individuals become functionally organized to survive and reproduce in their environments by the process of natural selection. The question of whether larger units such as groups and communities can possess similar properties of functional organization, and therefore be regarded as "superorganisms", has a long history in biological thought. Modern evolutionary biology has rejected the concept of superorganisms, explaining virtually all adaptations at the individual or gene level. We criticize the modern literature on three counts. First, individual selection in its strong form is founded on a logical contradiction, in which genes-in-individuals are treated differently than individuals-in-groups or species-in-communities. Imposing consistency clearly shows that groups and communities can be organisms in the same sense that individuals are. Furthermore, superorganisms are more than just a theoretical possibility and actually exist in nature. Second, the view that genes are the "ultimate" unit of selection is irrelevant to the question of functional organization. Third, modern evolutionary biology includes numerous conceptual frameworks for analyzing evolution in structured populations. These frameworks should be regarded as different ways of analyzing a common process which, to be correct, must converge on the same conclusions. Unfortunately, evolutionists frequently regard them as competing theories that invoke different mechanisms, such that if one is "right" the others must be "wrong". The problem of multiple frameworks is aggravated by the fact that major terms, such as "units of selection", are defined differently within each framework, yet many evolutionists who use one framework to argue against another assume shared meanings. We suggest that focusing on the concept of organism will help dispell this fog of semantic confusion, allowing all frameworks to converge on the same conclusions regarding units of functional organization.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

King's theory: a critique of the critiques.

This article describes Imogene M. King's conceptual framework and theory of goal attainment. The critiques of various nursing scholars reflect a misunderstanding of the intent of the theory and conceptual framework. Major areas of concern of the critics include cultural limitations, patient competence, and lack of specific guidelines to work within the nursing process. These critiques are discussed and examples supporting the use of King's work in practice are presented.

Goals↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacists and the mandate of pharmaceutical care.

Implementing the mandate for delivery of drug therapy to achieve definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life is discussed from the perspective of the changes currently needed in both practice and education. Specifically, changes in practice should include: (1) a managerial framework that continuously supports clinical activities in everyday practice, (2) recognition of competence in clinical practice, and (3) documentation of and reimbursement for clinical service. Changes in education should include: (1) teaching of problem-solving skills to students by faculty/practitioners, and (2) redirecting the curricular content to provide the minimum knowledge base required for competent clinical practice. Pharmacists will begin to accept the mandate of pharmaceutical care when there is widespread training and use of technicians, implementation of problem-based education in the schools, and adequate problem-solving support for pharmacists in practice.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Ethics in obstetric ultrasound.

The authors provide an overview of ethics, medical ethics, and obstetric ethics. An ethical framework is developed using the beneficence and autonomy models of moral responsibility in obstetric care. In terms of this framework, four ethical issues common to all ultrasound examinations are examined: (1) competence to perform obstetric ultrasound and referral to specialists, (2) routine ultrasound screening, (3) disclosure of results, and (4) confidentiality.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1976

[Timing of the orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip and cleft palate].

There is now a general concensus of opinion that the specific care of patients with congenital clefts should be performed in the framework of their rehabilitation in large centres. The values of timely and competent care is deduced from results obtained from 100 orthodontic patients. In cleft patients orthodontic treatment must begin several years earlier than in patients without clefts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Assessment of IDF physicians in in-field trauma].

The system of care delivery of in-field trauma was assessed, leading to suggestions for improving the system and military medical training. This study reports the feasibility and validity of various methods of assessing the performance of Israel Defense Force physicians in administering trauma care. The methods included a standardized medical debriefing with filling in of a report form by a senior traumatologist, his review of the physician's performance, self-assessment by the physician, and a written test. 5 senior traumatologists with extensive experience in military trauma care were trained to assess the physicians' performance within 24-48 hours of incidents involving moderate to severe trauma injuries. 75 physicians who had been involved in the care of the in-field trauma patients during a 1-year period, November 1988 to October 1989, were assessed. Analysis of the results clearly indicated 2 areas for assessment: a) knowledge, mainly levels of comprehension and application in relevant areas of trauma and b) performance, including immediate diagnosis, treatment skills, and triage. The best method for evaluating knowledge was the written test, not peer review nor self-evaluation. However, the traumatologist's evaluation of care performance was highly correlated with the physician's self-assessment. For comprehensive assessment of in-field care it is advisable to integrate the 2 methods: performance review by a traumatologist and a comprehensive written test. Information gained from such assessment could improve the planning of in-service trauma training and the posting of physicians within the military framework.

Clinical Competence↗