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PubMed1995

Diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) by the new complement fixation test.

A new immunodiagnostic method of complement fixation was used for serodiagnosis of American trypanosomiasis; 92% sensitivity and 99% specificity were obtained, for an overall accuracy of 97%. This test can be used in field studies, obviating the use of most laboratory equipment and imported reagents; places where economic limitations hinder the use of other immunodiagnostic procedures; and in association with other tests for confirmation of the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a commercially available complement fixation test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and for follow-up after antimicrobial therapy.

Commercially available complement fixation test reagents (Institute Virion Ltd., Rüschlikon, Zurich, Switzerland) available in package format were evaluated for the serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The assay was compared with bacterial culture and histological Giemsa stain of gastric biopsy specimens obtained from 930 patients of different ages and from different ethnic groups, with a variety of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. The prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, respectively, were 35, 71, 90, 80, and 85% for Belgian patients aged 40 years or younger, 50, 81, 93, 92, and 83% for Belgian patients older than 40 years, and 83, 83, 79, 95, and 48% for Mediterranean patients. Using 645 serum specimens from 226 patients, we also evaluated the complement fixation test for its ability to monitor the eradication of H. pylori following antimicrobial therapy. Overall, H. pylori was eradicated from 122 patients while 104 patients remained infected with the organism. A significant decrease in antibody levels was observed 3 to 6 months after the end of therapy in the group of patients from whom H. pylori was eradicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1968

Advantage of a routine Reiter protein complement-fixation test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy.

One hundred and twenty-seven (0.3%) reactive serological tests for syphilis were obtained by routine examination of sera from 35,912 antenatal patients.Forty-eight (38%) of these reactive sera were associated with reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody and Treponema pallidum immobilization results and these patients were therefore considered to show serological evidence of treponemal infection. Sera from 13 of these 48 patients (27%) gave reactive Reiter protein complement-fixation tests in the absence of detected ;reagin' antibody. Seventy-nine patients showed non-specific biological false positive reactions to the routine tests. Following clinical assessment of these serologically reactive patients, approximately one in 100 immigrant and one in 2,500 non-immigrant pregnant women examined in this series were treated with penicillin; this represented just over half the number of patients with serological evidence of a treponemal infection, a ratio which was similar for immigrant and native born women. Yaws was the likely treponemal infection in the majority of infected immigrants. The significance of the serological results and the advantages of the Reiter protein complement-fixation test are discussed.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the complement fixation test and the indirect hemolysis test for cattle vaccinated and infected with Brucella abortus.

The complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect hemolysis test (IHLT) were applied to sera collected from 60 cattle challenged with Brucella abortus 544. Of the 60 cattle, 48 were vaccinated with either B. abortus 19 or B. abortus 45/20 as calves or as adults. The remaining 12 cattle were not vaccinated. Of the 27 sera from cattle found to be infected, 9 showed aberrant reactions to the CFT. The advantages of the IHLT for these cattle were as follows. After challenge, the titers to the IHLT became positive earlier than or at the same time as the titers to the CFT, they persisted longer than the titers to the CFT, and they failed to show prozone reactions, which are a problem with the CFT. An additional advantage was that before challenge and after vaccination with strain 19, the titers to the IHLT rose later and declined earlier than the titers to the CFT. We concluded that the CFT used in conjunction with the IHLT improves the detection of infected cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A complement fixation test for antigens of and antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever virus.

A complement fixation test was developed for the study of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). A clarified ultrasonicate of cultured cells infected with MCF virus was used as antigen and detected increasing levels of complement fixing antibody in 12 out of 14 and four out of nine infected cattle and rabbits respectively. Titres greater than or equal 1:64 were found in hyperimmune sera from three out of four cattle, five out of five rabbits and in eight out of 143 wildebeest. No antibody was detected in 310 normal cattle sera from areas of Kenya with endemic MCF. The test did not detect viral antigens in a number of infected tissues or increased anticomplementary activity in sera from sick animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparative titration of Anaplasma marginale antibodies by card agglutination and complement-fixation tests.

The card agglutination test for anaplasmosis was improved so that bovine serum could be titrated for Anaplasma antibodies. The modified test was validated when its results on 1 set of serum samples were compared with the results furnished by the complement-fixation test on the same set. The samples tested were from cows inoculated with an Anaplasma vaccine or with either 1 of 2 virulent strains of Anaplasma marginale. A correlation coefficient of 0.60 was calculated between the values of the titers furnished by the 2 tests, and regression equations were calculated and used to estimate the serum titer in 1 test from a titer measured in the other. The results indicate that the simple card agglutination test can yield titers comparable with those of the complement-fixation test.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1975

[The complement fixation test with BCG in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis].

The utility of complement-fixation test with an antigen from commercially lyophilized BCG was investigated in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. The following results were obtained: Visceral leishmaniasis: 4 positivity on 5 cases; Oriental sore: 3 positivity on 6 cases; Canine leishmaniasis: 6 positivity, at high level, and 2 negativity; Other diseases: 5 positivity, on 17 sera of tbc; No positivity in sera from patients with various diseases, in control and in normal dogs. The results are compared with those quoted in medical literature and discussed. The meaning of the reaction is also briefly discussed, and the hypothesis of the presence of partigens between BCG and leishmania, or presence of autoantibodies is prospected.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The complement-fixation test in rabies. I. Antibody titer of vaccinated dogs (author's transl)].

Complement-fixation test based in 50% hemolytic end point was applied to investigate the immune status to rabies of dogs vaccinated with heigh egg-passage Flury vaccine. The complement-fixation titer was compared with serum neutralization results. Twenty-five sera was employed and the complement fixation titer varied of 0 to 256. Three sera was anticomplementary. The results indicated a lack of quantitative correlation, but was found a qualitative correlation between the two methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

The Reiter protein complement-fixation test using the Auto-Analyzer.

A method for the Reiter protein complement-fixation test using the Techncon AutoAnalyzer is described. Two hundred and fifty sera were tested, when six false-positive and nine false-negative results were obtained when compared with results obtained by the manual method. Deep freezing the sera before testing on the AutoAnalyzer increased the sensitivity so that in a further 250 sera tested no false-negative and two false-positive results were obtained when compared with the results obtained at the Venereal Diseases Reference Laboratory, London.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1990

[Fundamental studies on serological diagnosis of amoebiasis. 2. Application of antigen of Entamoeba histolytica for complement fixation test to counterimmunoelectrophoresis; and clinical relevance of serological tests].

Antigen of Entamoeba histolytica for complement fixation (CF) test was applied to counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and the result was compared with that of CF test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in regard to sensitivity and specificity. Besides, we studied antibody titers to E. histolytica in sera from acute and convalescent patients, and from patients with amoebic colitis and amoebic liver abscess. Sera used were from patients with amoebic colitis, amoebic liver abscess and uninfected control subjects. The CIE was less sensitive than the CF test and ELISA. Most CIE-negative samples had low CF and ELISA titers, but a few samples had higher CF and ELISA titers. On the other hand, all uninfected controls were negative by CIE and ELISA, and 98% were negative by the CF test. The level of antibodies tended to decrease with time after clinical recovery, but CF test and ELISA results remained positive in all patients 6 months after clinical cure. CIE converted negative in only one patient after 6 months. The level of antibodies of CF test and ELISA was significantly higher in amoebic liver abscess than amoebic colitis. These results suggested that all these three methods were so specific, and antibody titers by the CF test and ELISA were well correlated to clinical manifestations. The CIE with CF-antigen was less sensitive as compared with CF test or ELISA.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of phenol on card-agglutination and complement-fixation tests for bovine anaplasmosis.

Effects of adding phenol to sera used for the card-agglutination test (CAT) and for the micro-complement-fixation test (CFT) for bovine anaplasmosis were studied. Sera were obtained from 14 recently infected cattle, 17 cattle vaccinated with a killed anaplasmosis vaccine, 5 cattle in the carrier phase of the disease, and 45 cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status. Aliquots of sera were tested with and without phenol (0.25% final concentration). Phenol adversely affected the CAT by causing false-negative results. The CAT reactions of nonphenolized sera from recently infected cattle were all positive 4 weeks after inoculation, whereas CAT reactions of phenolized sera were not all positive until 10 weeks after inoculation. Nine non-phenolized sera from vaccinated cattle that were CAT-positive were CAT-negative after being phenolized. Phenolized sera from carrier cattle and from cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status were less reactive on the CAT than were nonphenolized sera. Effects of phenol on the CFT were not so obvious. Although phenol had little effect on end-titer results, it eliminated most prozones that cause false-negative CFT results at the 1:5 dilution. Without phenol, 30 of 215 sera would have been CFT-negative at this dilution because of prozones; with phenol, 6 would have been CFT-negative.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of a technique of circumoval precipitin test using blood taken on filter paper and a microtiter technique of complement fixation test of Schistosoma japonicum.

For the circumoval precipitin test (COPT) blood was taken on quantitative blood sampling filter paper by finger prick from outpatients at the Schistosomiasis Control Pilot Project, Palo, Leyte, Philippines. The volume of serum available per strip of filter paper was 0.04 ml and this was extracted at 1:3, 1:5 and 1:8 dilutions. Lyophilized eggs of Schistosoma japonicum were mixed with the diluted serum on a microscope glass slide and incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 days. The reaction was read following the criterion made by Yokogawa et al. [11]. The serum at 1:8 was too dilute to make correct diagnosis; serum at 1:3 dilution contained too much hemoglobin which made microscopic observation difficult and the extract at 1:5 was found to be appropriate. There was no remarkable difference in antigenicity among 3 preparations of lyophilized eggs from Kofu strain, Japan, and those of new and old preparations from Philippine strain. Under the best condition, false negative results appeared in 15.3% of 152 outpatients in Leyte and false positives in 2% of 50 human sera collected in Tokyo. This method of COPT is not satisfactory for the diagnosis of individual cases but is useful in the epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma infections because of the simplicity of blood sampling from dwellers of infested areas and also because it shows nearly the same sensitivity as that of a single fecal examination by the MIFC method. A microtiter technique of complement fixation test (CFT) was also studied. This method, however, was less sensitive than the COPT or a single fecal examination as to give 23.7% false negatives. Frequency distributions of CF and COP titers were analysed among egg positive, egg negative and treated groups. The results showed that treatment with stibophen had little influence in lowering the serum response, especially in COPT.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1983

An immunofluorescence complement-fixation test for detection of human papilloma viruses in various warts and wartlike lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Comparative studies of indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and IF complement fixation tests were performed in 11 warts induced by various human papilloma viruses (HPV) or wartlike lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. For the detection of HPVs, specific immune sera against HPV1, HPV2, HPV3, HPV5, HPV9 and/or HPV8 were used. The complement-fixation test proved to be as specific as the indirect IF method for the detection of HPVs in the tissues and was superior in clarity of IF readings (no nonspecific IF staining).

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1972

Equine infectious anemia: preparation of a liquid antigen extract for the agar-gel immunodiffusion and complement-fixation tests.

An agar-gel immunodiffusion test recommended for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia was evaluated. Our preliminary observations confirmed those of Coggins concerning the mechanism of the test and the results obtained. Furthermore, emphasis was put on the difficulties encountered in the production of spleen antigens with an optimum amount of reactivity. Acetone-ether extraction procedures for the preparation of a liquid antigen extract are described. This type of antigen was reactive in the complement-fixation test in 1:8 or greater dilution and it is proposed to use the complement-fixation test in assessing and standardizing the liquid antigen extract activity to be used in the immunodiffusion test. This antigen can also be concentrated or diluted, if required, to meet the reactivity of a standard antigen used in the test.

Animals↗