Anatomic pathology computer systems.
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Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
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[The search for new antiulcer agents using a computer system for predicting the antiulcer activity].
Specialised system for computer assisted prediction of antiulcer activity of chemical compounds on the basis of their structural formulae is described. Predicted activity spectrum includes antiulcer activity, antisecretory and gastroprotective effects; H2- and M1-receptors blockade, H+, K(+)-ATPase inhibition as the mechanisms of antisecretory effect. It is shown that the average prediction accuracy is 83% in leave-one-out cross validation and 82% for the independent test set. Prediction made for about 300 new chemical compounds provides the selection of 20 potential antiulcer agents, 9 of them were synthesised and tested, 5 compounds have potent antiulcer activity. The discovered antiulcer agents are classified as New Chemical Entry because antiulcer and close effects have not been earlier for any compound of this chemical series.
Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
Is it time for a computer in your practice? III: Types of computer systems for medical offices.
The three basic types of medical-office computer systems have been described along with their basic advantages and disadvantages. A fourth option, that of keeping your current manual office system, may be a valid alternative. The next article of this series will discuss a method for evaluating the suitability of any computer system for your needs and will describe how to select the "best" one for you.
Computers↗
Preliminary report on the validation of a grammar-based computer system for assessing skeletal maturity with the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method.
A series of hand and wrist radiographs was assessed manually by two individuals and by a fully automated computer system for determining bone age. Assessments were repeated after 1 month to determine variability between and within the methods of bone age assessment. There was slight intra-observer variation, but complete reproducibility when assessments were made by computer. The variation between the human assessors was less than that between human and computer assessments. The difference between overall maturity scores made by the human observer and the computer system was, however, acceptably small, and the majority of assessments were the same. It is concluded this computer system for assessing bone age in normal children is reliable and accurate, but that it needs to be validated against a much larger set of radiographs.
Adolescent↗
Selecting and installing an in-house computer system.
The traumatic experience of selecting and installing an in-house computer system can be eased by this guide through the forest of alternatives and sales claims confronting the prospective buyer. The authors have summarized problems common in the selection/installation process, and perhaps more important, they have detailed specific questions which should be asked in the decision-making process. The various selection criteria discussed include application software suitability, operating system software, equipment and its maintenance, ease of conversion, vendor experience and responsiveness, and cost considerations. By carefully investigating these factors as they relate to the many computer systems available, the buyer can reach a logical decision and anticipate a successful installation.
Computers↗
Perceived ease of use and usefulness of bedside-computer systems.
Many new technologies are being developed to improve the efficiency and productivity of nursing staff. A key to the success of these technologies is acceptance by nurses. Davis' constructs of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were developed to measure the acceptance of computer systems. This article presents a discussion on nursing acceptance of computer systems, reviews the development of the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness measures, and reports findings of a study based on these constructs along with attitude of bedside-computer systems. Results of the study showed that nurses in general are accepting of bedside-computer technology.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
A small computer system for micrograph analysis.
A small computer system is described that makes use of video graphics to interactively analyze electron micrographs. The advent of relatively inexpensive digital frame buffers (digital memory that holds one TV frame) permits an image of at least 512X512 pixel resolution to be displayed and rapidly changed in contrast, brightness, and color. These devices can also perform pan (picture movement), zoom and marking of objects of interest with circles, vectors and alphanumerics. These features have suddenly made it possible to quantitatively analyze micrographs in an efficient and interactive way. A minimal system is described here to implement the application of this equipment to measure molecular weights of individual proteins (or mass per unit length measurements) and to perform several image enhancement processes such as background gradient removal and contouring of molecules. This system is a stand-alone microcomputer with disk, video processor and TV set and is simple enough to permit an untrained user to make a statistical study of his micrographs after only a few minutes of instruction.
Apoferritins↗
Citation Computer Systems.
Many people think of Citation Computer Systems, (a network-based laboratory information system company located in St. Louis, MO), as a small mid-western company, with a small number of small customers. Nothing could be further from the truth. Citation has more than 500 users in 48 states and Canada. Its user base includes hospitals in bed ranges from 16 to more than 1,000 as well as a high number of reference laboratories and clinics. Citation has been growing at double digit percentages--and they are profitable. To find out the reasons for such success, Art Randall visited four of Citation's customers to interview those responsible for laboratory management.
Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
Human reciprocal translocations: a new computer system for genetic counseling.
A new computer system for genetic counseling in reciprocal translocations is described. This system, namely RCPc (RCP counseling) is a knowledge base extracted from a data base called SCD (Structural Chromosome Data) which contains 1376 families carrying reciprocal translocations. RCPc gives key information for each translocation which allows an evaluation of the risk of unbalance at birth and a prediction of the characteristics of potential unbalances. This information could provide a useful basis for deciding whether a prenatal diagnosis is required and if so, the preferred sampling method i.e. amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
Artificial Intelligence↗
[A ten years' experience in the use of a mini-computer system in real time in a clinical biology department (author's transl)].
The objective of this retrospective survey is a mini-computer system conceived ten years ago to treat all numerical information coming from a hospital unit of clinical biology. The options that we chose for its function remain valid on at least two patients: the necessity, for the hardware, to dissociate the treatment of information from the listing of voluminous files (the former should be done in the real time, using a mini-computer system situated inside the department, and the latter should be done in differed time, using a more sophisticated machine situated in a common computer center); the necessity, for the software, to use a common global system, but it cn be cut down to suit the particular need of individual user with whom there should be a permanent collaboration. The results obtained during this time are discussed. They seem sufficiently positive to invite a appraisal re-examination of the use of such systems (in spite of some disenchantment at present), in the light of new possibilities from present progress in shared time computer system.
Chemistry, Clinical↗
The Brigham integrated computing system (BICS): advanced clinical systems in an academic hospital environment.
The Brigham integrated computing system (BICS) provides nearly all clinical, administrative, and financial computing services to Brigham and Women's Hospital, an academic tertiary-care hospital in Boston. The BICS clinical information system includes a very wide range of data and applications, including results review, longitudinal medical records, provider order entry, critical pathway management, operating-room dynamic scheduling, critical-event detection and altering, dynamic coverage lists, automated inpatient summaries, and an online reference library. BICS design emphasizes direct physician interaction and extensive clinical decision support. Impact studies have demonstrated significant value of the system in preventing adverse events and in saving costs, particularly for medications.
Computer Security↗
[Clinical applications of computer system for diet consultation of pregnant women].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate nutritional status of women in different gestational ages and seasons and the role of diet consultation by a computer system on the improvement of intakes of nutrients of pregnant women. METHODS: 712 women in different gestational ages and 747 cases in different seasons received diet consultation by the computer system. A comparison was done for nutritional status between pregnant women with consultation and the women without consultation. RESULTS: Major pregnant women in various gestational ages and seasons was deficient in nutrient intake. However, the nutritional status was significantly improved in women following diet consultation in comparison with the women not received diet consultation. CONCLUSION: Computer system really plays an excellent role in promoting diet consultation and improvement of diet condition of pregnant women.
Diet Surveys↗
Application of a hospital pharmacy computer system to nuclear pharmacy.
A hospitalwide decentralized computer system using the software module for outpatient pharmacy is applied to the nuclear pharmacy. Computer benefits of label production, medication profiling, permanent record keeping, inventory control, and screening for drug interactions are applicable in the nuclear pharmacy setting.
Colorado↗
Using computer systems to enhance case management.
This article describes how an on-line computer system can enhance case management by improving communication within internal departments and adding consistency and objectivity to the referral process. At PacifiCare, the computer system has supported case management's efforts to provide members with cost-effective medical care and has improved satisfaction with the health plan.
California↗
[An automated computer system for the differential diagnosis and laser treatment of benign neoplasms and tumor-like masses in the oral cavity].
Automated computer system for differential diagnosis and defining the indications for pathogenetic therapy is described, which was used in 2816 patients and was effective in 97% of cases. The system includes computer-regulated Lancet surgical lasers (wavelength 10.6 microns, power 60 W, frequency 0.05-1.0 Hz) and Optodan physiotherapeutic laser (wavelength 0.85 micron, power 4 W, frequency 0.08-3 kHz).
Computer Systems↗
Evaluating computer systems for the veterinary practice.
Evaluating the computer systems available to veterinarians involves examining the practice itself and its needs; the veterinarian and staff and their willingness to integrate different system types into the practice; and the systems and the vendors of those systems. This article gives guidelines to follow in all of these areas.
Computers↗
[Computer system in radiotherapy].
Computer systematized radiotherapy is useful for; The use of diagnostic images for treatment planning; The accuracy of dose distribution; The automatic control of therapy machine; The statistical analysis of patients' documentation. Computer use for radiotherapy has been worked since 1969 in Japan. Radiotherapy documentation should be carried out to be able to judge the effect of the treatment given. A large number of patients are required to obtain a good judgement. Standardization of radiotherapy patient registration and data analysis of the treatment results co-related with radiation injury are described.
Computers↗
Integrated databases and computer systems for studying eukaryotic gene expression.
MOTIVATION: The goal of the work was to develop a WWW-oriented computer system providing a maximal integration of informational and software resources on the regulation of gene expression and navigation through them. Rapid growth of the variety and volume of information accumulated in the databases on regulation of gene expression necessarily requires the development of computer systems for automated discovery of the knowledge that can be further used for analysis of regulatory genomic sequences. RESULTS: The GeneExpress system developed includes the following major informational and software modules: (1) Transcription Regulation (TRRD) module, which contains the databases on transcription regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes and TRRD Viewer for data visualization; (2) Site Activity Prediction (ACTIVITY), the module for analysis of functional site activity and its prediction; (3) Site Recognition module, which comprises (a) B-DNA-VIDEO system for detecting the conformational and physicochemical properties of DNA sites significant for their recognition, (b) Consensus and Weight Matrices (ConsFrec) and (c) Transcription Factor Binding Sites Recognition (TFBSR) systems for detecting conservative contextual regions of functional sites and their recognition; (4) Gene Networks (GeneNet), which contains an object-oriented database accumulating the data on gene networks and signal transduction pathways, and the Java-based Viewer for exploration and visualization of the GeneNet information; (5) mRNA Translation (Leader mRNA), designed to analyze structural and contextual properties of mRNA 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) and predict their translation efficiency; (6) other program modules designed to study the structure-function organization of regulatory genomic sequences and regulatory proteins. AVAILABILITY: GeneExpress is available at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc. ru/systems/GeneExpress/ and the links to the mirror site(s) can be found at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/links/mirrors.html+ ++.
Algorithms↗