Consensus statement of the 1st International Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia Consensus Development Conference, Cape Town, South Africa 2005.
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The American National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association consensus statement on the undertreatment of depression may have consequences for the treatment of patients in the Netherlands. It is concluded that Dutch clinicians, also, can be expected to play a more active role in cases of mood disorders than formerly. A comparison of the definitions of depressive disorder in the available classification system results in the recommendation to be strict about the distinction between severe and moderate depressive disorders on the one hand and subthreshold or mild conditions on the other. It is expected that this will limit the anticipated shift towards a more general willingness to use pharmacotherapy for mood disorders in patients in whom this can be expected to be efficacious.
This article reports the Brazilian Diabetes Society consensus statement on intensive insulin therapy and insulin pump therapy, arrived at during an update symposium held in 2003 for this specific purpose. The concepts underlying these modalities of diabetes treatment are outlined, their fundaments are given, and practical issues about their indications, feasibility, limits, techniques and cost-benefit relationships are analyzed. The techniques comprise the suggested self-monitoring schedules and the insulin doses, types, forms of administration and correction factors used in each modality of intensive treatment, for both type 1 and 2 diabetes. The roles of SBD in the implementation of these treatments and of the different professionals involved are discussed and commented. The conclusions are based on consensual answers to some orienting questions formulated during the symposium's presentation.
OBJECTIVE: A consensus conference on the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) and related disorders was organized by the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer's Association, and the American Geriatrics Society on January 4 and 5, 1997. The target audience was primary care physicians, and the following questions were addressed: (1) How prevalent is AD and what are its risk factors? What is its impact on society? (2) What are the different forms of dementia and how can they be recognized? (3) What constitutes safe and effective treatment for AD? What are the indications and contraindications for specific treatments? (4) What management strategies are available to the primary care practitioner? (5) What are the available medical specialty and community resources? (6) What are the important policy issues and how can policymakers improve access to care for dementia patients? (7) What are the most promising questions for future research? PARTICIPANTS: Consensus panel members and expert presenters were drawn from psychiatry, neurology, geriatrics, primary care, psychology, nursing, social work, occupational therapy, epidemiology, and public health and policy. EVIDENCE: The expert presenters summarized data from the world scientific literature on the questions posed to the panel. CONSENSUS PROCESS: The panelists listened to the experts' presentations, reviewed their background papers, and then provided responses to the questions based on these materials. The panel chairs prepared the initial drafts of the consensus statement, and these drafts were read by all panelists and edited until consensus was reached. CONCLUSIONS: Alzheimer disease is the most common disorder causing cognitive decline in old age and exacts a substantial cost on society. Although the diagnosis of AD is often missed or delayed, it is primarily one of inclusion, not exclusion, and usually can be made using standardized clinical criteria. Most cases can be diagnosed and managed in primary care settings, yet some patients with atypical presentations, severe impairment, or complex comorbidity benefit from specialist referral. Alzheimer disease is progressive and irreversible, but pharmacologic therapies for cognitive impairment and nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments for the behavioral problems associated with dementia can enhance quality of life. Psychotherapeutic intervention with family members is often indicated, as nearly half of all caregivers become depressed. Health care delivery to these patients is fragmented and inadequate, and changes in disease management models are adding stresses to the system. New approaches are needed to ensure patients' access to essential resources, and future research should aim to improve diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness.
Across Europe, children living with low vision often face inconsistent approaches to the assessment of their visual function, leading to delays in diagnosis and unequal access to care. To address this gap, a multidisciplinary group of experts from 8 European countries developed a clinical consensus statement (CCS), using a modified Delphi process. This CCS provides guidance on evaluation of primary visual functions in children with low vision, regardless of etiologies. Assessing visual function can be challenging and cannot be limited to testing visual acuity. It requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the child's developmental age and necessary adjustments for vision loss. This consensus statement presents different validated tools to evaluate visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and color vision. It provides practical guidance for their use across developmental stages, including infancy and in children with syndromic or neurodevelopmental conditions, and highlights the critical role of caregivers in ensuring reliable assessments. The recommendations emphasize the need for age-appropriate testing strategies, tailored adaptations for low vision and additional impairment, and the importance of early assessment to support timely habilitation and optimize developmental outcomes.
This consensus statement by the Society of Thoracic Radiology is a summary of the current understanding of low dose computed tomography (CT) for screening for lung cancer. Lung cancer is the most common fatal malignancy in the industrialized world. Unlike the next three most common cancers, screening for lung cancer is not currently recommended by cancer organizations. Improvements in CT technology make lung screening feasible. Early prevalence data indicate that about two-thirds of lung cancers that are detected by CT screening are at an early stage. Other data support the postulate that patients with lung cancers detected at this early stage have better rates of survival. Whether this will translate into an improved disease specific mortality is yet to be demonstrated. The suggested technical protocols, selection criteria, and method of handling the numerous benign nodules that are detected are discussed. It is the consensus of this committee that mass screening for lung cancer with CT is not currently advocated. Suitable subjects who wish to participate should be encouraged to do so in controlled trials, so that the value of CT screening can be ascertained as soon as possible.
A large number of experts experienced in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were involved in formulating a consensus statement on the use of B cell-targeted treatment with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The statement was supported by data from randomised controlled clinical trials and the substantial literature on oncology. The statement underwent three rounds of discussions until its ultimate formulation. It should guide clinicians in the use of this newly approved biological agent in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Changes which have taken place since 1983, when the Dutch consensus meeting on mammography was held, made it necessary to review the consensus statement. In 1983 only radiologists participated in the working group, in 1993 representatives from all other relevant disciplines participated as well. Much attention was paid to the indication for mammography and supplementary diagnostic methods, especially ultrasound techniques and US-guided cytology. Along the lines given by the ACR guidelines on breast cancer reporting, attention was given to better communication with referring doctors.
The process by which a multidisciplinary, expert panel arrived at a Consensus Statement concerning indications for carotid endarterectomy was reviewed. It is important to point out that this represents an interpretation of currently available data by the individual members of the Committee as it pertains to 96 specific potential indications for carotid endarterectomy. Clearly, as more data become available, it is likely that there will be changes in the opinion of the Committee members. Therefore, this represents a current status that will require a periodic update.
AIMS: To establish a unified working diagnostic tool for the metabolic syndrome (MetS) that is convenient to use in clinical practice and that can be used world-wide so that data from different countries can be compared. An additional aim was to highlight areas where more research into the MetS is needed. PARTICIPANTS: The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) convened a workshop held 12-14 May 2004 in London, UK. The 21 participants included experts in the fields of diabetes, public health, epidemiology, lipidology, genetics, metabolism, nutrition and cardiology. There were participants from each of the five continents as well as from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III). The workshop was sponsored by an educational grant from AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. CONSENSUS PROCESS: The consensus statement emerged following detailed discussions at the IDF workshop. After the workshop, a writing group produced a consensus statement which was reviewed and approved by all participants. CONCLUSIONS: The IDF has produced a new set of criteria for use both epidemiologically and in clinical practice world-wide with the aim of identifying people with the MetS to clarify the nature of the syndrome and to focus therapeutic strategies to reduce the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. Guidance is included on how to compensate for differences in waist circumference and in regional adipose tissue distribution between different populations. The IDF has also produced recommendations for additional criteria that should be included when studying the MetS for research purposes. Finally, the IDF has identified areas where more studies are currently needed; these include research into the aetiology of the syndrome.
OBJECTIVE: Decompression illness (DCI) is a potentially lethal complication of diving and may occur far from hyperbaric facilities. The need for prompt transport to a hyperbaric facility often involves air medical transport, but this may exacerbate DCI. The authors reviewed available literature to establish evidence-based transport strategies utilizing safe altitudes for patients, with DCI. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and materials from organizations with expertise in diving medicine were searched for the following terms: decompression sickness, caisson disease, hyperbaric oxygenation, depth intoxication, or diving. Two reviewers independently selected relevant citations involving patients with DCI and air medical transport for review and consensus statement development by an expert working group. RESULTS: A total of 341 citations were identified, and 53 unique citations were reviewed. Nine relevant citations were selected for consensus statement development. There were no clinical trials or prospective cohort studies. Only two retrospective case series, including nine patients, specifically examined the effect of altitude on patients with DCI during transport. No symptom recurrence occurred when the cabin altitude remained within 500 feet of ground level. Seven citations were either letters or statements of expert opinion, recommending a maximum cabin altitude of 500-1000 feet (152-305 meters). CONCLUSIONS: The working group identified the paucity of clinical studies and evidence-based recommendations for air medical transport of patients with DCI. Transport selection should be based on minimizing total transport time and, when transporting by air, ensuring that a cabin altitude of the transporting vehicle does not exceed 500 feet (152 meters) above the departure point.