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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Advances in research on the target antigens of antisperm antibodies].

Antisperm antibodies can lead to immunological infertility. Further research on the target antigens of antisperm antibodies may help to discover the causal relationship of antisperm antibodies to infertility. This paper summarizes the structure and function of the six target antigens of antisperm antibodies found recently, so as to discover the causal relationship of the antibodies to infertility and provide a basis for screening a vaccine for immunological contraception.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
PubMed1975

Contraception and cervical colonization with mycoplasmas and infection with cytomegalovirus.

The relationship of cervical colonization of genital mycoplasmas and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in 66 intrauterine device (IUD) users as contrasted to 60 patients using oral contraception and 50 patients using neither an IUD nor oral contraception. No significant increase in colonization or genital mycoplasmas or infection with CMV was noted in IUD users. No CMV was isolated from users of the cooper-t IUD. It is unlikely that genital mycoplasmas are related to either the increased immunoglobulin levels seen in patients using the IUD or the antifertility effects of the IUD.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1991

Experimental methods of contraception.

While most new contraceptives currently in development incorporate existing contraceptive agents into new delivery systems, several types of contraceptives with novel mechanisms of action are making steady progress. The antiprogestin mifepristone (better known as RU 486) is being tested as an ovulation inhibitor, as a once-a-month pill, and as a postcoital contraceptive. An antiestrogen, Centchroman (Hindustan Latex, India), is in use in India as a once-a-week, nonsteroidal pill. The development of more potent pituitary gonadotropin antagonists has improved their potential to block ovulation in women and to inhibit spermatogenesis in men (which requires concurrent administration of testosterone). Another promising male contraceptive is an intraluminal vas occlusion plug tested extensively in China that can be removed with no apparent detriment to future fertility. Finally, several types of immunocontraceptives could become the most specific form of fertility control by directing an antibody response against the fertilized or unfertilized egg or against sperm.

Contraception, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

[Male contraception].

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Contraceptive Agents, Male↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New progress in detection of antigens from human ejaculate in relationship with human sterility (extraction with N-cetylpyridinium chloride) (author's transl)].

In an attempt to obtain certain sub-surface spermatozoa antigens, human spermatozoa were treated with N-cetylpyridinium chloride in basic buffer, The extract was further ultrasonated and separated with gel chromatography over a Sephadex--G--100 column. The obtained fractions were lyophilized and tested against human sperm agglutinating and sperm immobilizing sera, in order to detect their antigenicity. Positive and negative controls revealed intensive precipitations and no precipitations respectively. Fraction A4 reacted intensively with sperm immobilizing sera. The final objectives of these sperm antigens solubilization studies are twofold. On the one hand we are looking for a method to lower sperm antibodies titres in sterile females, and on the other hand we are seeking an immunological contraceptive method.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

[Contraception].

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Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1976

Target sites for suppressing fertility in the male.

The present status and perspectives in the control of fertility in the male have been reviewed. There are two potential sites in the male reproductive processes that can be used as targets for regulation of fertility in the male: (1) inhibition of spermatogenesis, and (2) interference with sperm maturation in the epididymis. A variety of compounds tested for their antispermatogenic action in laboratory animals have no future for the control of fertility in the human male because of a number of undesirable side effects (cf. Prasad, 1973). Progestational compounds inhibit spermatogenesis by affecting the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and result in impairment of libido. The possibility of adjustment of the minimal dose of progestational compounds required to induce suppression of spermatogenesis and reduction of plasma testosterone to a level compatible with the maintenance of normalcy of libido and potency needs to be studied. A new approach to contraception in the male involves the use of a combination of progestational compounds for suppression of spermatogenesis along with testosterone (administered through silastic capsule implants or as intramuscular injections) for maintenance of libido and accessory sex gland function. A number of such combinations have been tested clinically with some success. However, the limitations of side effects, such as weight gain, gynecomastia, and psychological complications preclude their long-term use for contraception in man. Short-term use of these combination regimens by the male for 1 year followed by use of a contraceptive method by the female may be desirable to encourage partnership in family planning. Although testosterone and other androgens suppress spermatogenesis in man, the feasibility of their use for contraception depends on the establishment of a dosage and mode of adminstration that provide antispermatogenic action without causing more general metabolic alterations. Inhibition of spermatogenesis by selective interference with the action of FSH on the Sertoli cells by active or passive immunization or by selective suppression of synthesis and release of FSH by administration of "Inhibin" offers exciting possibilities in the control of fertility in the male. Studies on the physiology of the rete testis highlight its importance as a post-tubular site of action of antifertility agents in conveying (to the epididymis) compounds interfering with epididymal functions and/or viability of spermatozoa. A new approach to the induction of functional sterility in the male by selective alteration of epididymal function by a local androgen deprivation effect has been successfully tested in clinical trials. Small doses of cyproterone acetate, administered orally, result in maintenance of libido and accessory sex gland function accompanied by a decrease in the motility of ejaculated spermatozoa and incomplete inhibition of spermatogenesis...

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed2005

Influence of gender, menstrual phase, and oral contraceptive use on immunological changes in response to prolonged cycling.

This study determined the influence of gender, menstrual phase (MP), and oral contraceptive (OC) use on immunological changes in response to endurance exercise. Twelve women and 11 men similar in age, aerobic power, and activity level cycled for 90 min at 65% maximal aerobic power. Women were OC users (n = 6) or nonusers (NOC) and cycled during the follicular (Fol) and the luteal (Lut) phases. Venous blood was collected before and after exercise to determine leukocyte counts, IL-6 concentrations, and cortisol. Higher resting levels of neutrophils (approximately 1.5-fold) and cortisol (approximately 2.5-fold) were found in OC vs. NOC and men. Exercise-induced immune cell count and IL-6 changes were similar between men and NOC, except for an approximately 38% greater lymphocyte response in NOC vs. men (P = 0.07). Neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte responses to exercise during Lut in OC were greater than during Fol and also greater than the responses in men (P < or = 0.003). Changes in immune cell counts were consistently greater during Lut in OC vs. NOC, regardless of MP, but only neutrophil responses reached statistical significance (P = 0.01). The exercise-induced change in IL-6 was approximately 80% greater in NOC vs. OC during Fol (P = 0.06), but it was similar between these groups during Lut. Cortisol changes with exercise were not different between groups or MP. These results highlight the necessity to control for gender, and in particular OC use, when designing studies evaluating exercise and immunology.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Steroid contraceptive agents and immunological reactivity in experimental animals.

The immunodepressive activity of widely employed steroid contraceptive agents (SCA's) was evaluated in mice and rats on various humoral and cell-mediated responses. Three different progestagens (lynestrenol, norethindrone or norethynodrel) were administered in combination with the estrogen mestrahese SCA's could significantly reduce the severity of allergic encephalomyelitis in rats, variations in their capacity to interfere with primary response to sheep erythrocytes in mice and anti-mouse erythrocyte autoantibody formation were found. Treatments employed with these SCA's did not reduce tumor allograft resistance in mice and the anti-sheep erythrocyte response in rats. In addition, otherwise immunosuppressive treatments with these SCA's did not modify the mouse response to a T-independent antigen. The possible clinical significance of these results is discussed.

Animals↗