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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Human pulp reaction to dentine bonded amalgam restorations: a histologic study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the human pulp response to Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus (SMPP) bonding agent in non-exposed Class V cavities. METHODS: SMPP was placed in 24 of 40 cavites according to manufacturer's instructions and the cavities were restored with amalgam. The remaining 16 cavities were capped with a calcium hydroxide formulation (Dycal) sealed with zinc-oxide eugenol, and restored with the amalgam. After extraction at 10 and 35 days, the teeth were fixed, sectioned and stained for light microscopy. RESULTS: All Dycal-capped teeth, at both 10 and 35 days, exhibited no pulp inflammation and no demonstrable bacteria. Six cases sealed with SMPP at 10 days showed no pulp inflammation or stained bacterial profiles. The remaining six teeth demonstrated mild to moderate inflammatory pulpal responses and five out of these six cases exhibited stained bacterial profiles. Nine out of 12 teeth showed no inflammatory pulp responses at 35 days, the remaining three cases exhibited mild to moderate pulp inflammation without stained bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: None of the teeth sealed with SMPP presented severe inflammatory pulpal reactions histologically. SMPP did not exhibit significant deleterious effects on the human pulp tissue during the test periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of manual restorative treatment (MRT) with amalgam in high-caries Filipino children: results after 2 years.

BACKGROUND: The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), using only hand instruments and glass-ionomer cement as adhesive material is recommended for restorative dental treatment in disadvantaged communities lacking electricity and sophisticated dental equipment. Research is required on more durable restorative materials appropriate for populations with high-caries experience. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate, under field conditions, the applicability and effectiveness of an encapsulated amalgam as restorative material in ART prepared cavities in permanent teeth of children with high-caries rates. As the definition of ART restricts the manual treatment to adhesive materials the approach used is called the manual restorative treatment (MRT). METHODS: Two dentists and two trained healthcare workers, using hand instruments and an encapsulated amalgam that was mixed with a manually driven triturator, placed a total of 934 restorations in the permanent dentition in 466 children. Due to irregular school attendance of Filipino children only 611 restorations could be evaluated by one independent dentist. The average age at reassessment of restorations was 27 +/- 4.5 months. RESULTS: 93.3% of the restorations were acceptable. The failure rate of occlusal surface restorations was 5.6% compared with 13.6% of buccal surface fillings. The survival rate of large occlusal restorations was 95.1% compared with 93.7% for small restorations. The survival of MRT restorations was not influenced by the experience and professional level of the operator. CONCLUSIONS: Amalgam is a suitable MRT material, especially for extensive occlusal lesions in high-caries populations. Studies of longer duration are needed to confirm this finding.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1994

A survey of current practice into the use of aesthetic inlays.

In recent years there has been a concerted effort to produce an aesthetic restoration to replace amalgam, while retaining its qualities of strength and longevity. The use of porcelains and composite resins used indirectly as inlays and onlays has today improved the qualities of directly filled composites. A survey of 310 general dental practitioners in the UK known to use this type of restoration produced 162 responses to a questionnaire to evaluate their experiences to these techniques. The majority, 85%, had used a composite inlay system for about 2 years, with a 90% success rate over this period. Information collected provided details on variations in cavity design and cementing procedures.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1997

Marginal seal of composite inlays using different polymerization techniques.

The effect of indirect and semi-direct curing systems of Cl II composite inlays on microleakage was investigated in vitro and compared to conventional direct posterior composite restorations. Nearly identical Cl II cavities were restored with the same composite resin using different polymerization systems. Microleakage assessment was carried out after cyclic loading and thermal stressing by assessing the dye penetration. The data showed that all inlay techniques resulted in improved marginal sealing compared with conventional restorations. However, the indirect procedure resulted in significantly reduced microleakage compared to the semi-direct inlay techniques.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1997

Amalgam marginal quality assessment: a comparison of seven methods.

Black's class I classic cavities were cut in 120 sound extracted human premolars and restored with one of two silver amalgams, six different base combinations, with or without cavity varnish and then aged for 3 months or 1 year. Thereafter, the restored teeth were subjected to a bacterial or acid broth in vitro carious challenge for 36 days. Resin cast impressions were made of the restoration margin of each specimen before and after the carious challenge giving a total of 240 replicas. The replicas were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the margins subjected to seven marginal assessment procedures: (i) ranking using micrographs of the margin; (ii) percentage length of marginal discrepancy; (iii) Mjor assessment using six groups; (iv) number of margin segments showing a discrepancy; (v) greatest gap size; (vi) ranking based firstly on gap size and then number of margin segments showing a discrepancy; and (vii) ranking based firstly on gap size and then percentage length of marginal discrepancy. The data from procedures (i), (ii), (vi) and (vii) were examined using one-way ANOVA; a linear logistic statistical analysis examined data from procedures (iii)-(v). Statistical significance was chosen at P < 0.05. It was found that procedure (vii) was able to discriminate between variables to a greater degree than all other procedures. It is recommended that a ranking system based on greatest gap size and percentage length of marginal discrepancy be used to assess marginal quality of amalgam restorations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Amalgam alternatives--micro-leakage evaluation of clinical procedures. Part I: direct composite/composite inlay/ceramic inlay.

This study investigated the degree of dye penetration with three different types of tooth-coloured restorations. Twenty-four intact extracted molars were collected. The teeth were immediately stored in water at room temperature. Class II cavity preparations were prepared and restored with three different types of tooth-coloured restorations: A, composite resin in the incremental technique; B, composite inlay technique; and C, ceramic inlay. Specimens were subjected to 700 cycles of thermal stress. They were than immersed in 2% basic fuchsin dye. The teeth were sectioned in three planes before being ranked as to the amount of dye penetration. The highest score obtained on three plano-parallel sections was adopted as the representative value. The three groups were compared using the Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test. Dye penetration was significantly lower at the enamel margins when using the composite inlay system and the incremental technique compared to the ceramic inlay technique. The restorations placed using the composite inlay technique showed less dye penetration than the incremental technique at the dentine margins (P < 0.017).

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1999

An investigation of the stress values on a tooth restored by amalgam.

The study was carried out in two stages: (1) MOD amalgam cavities were prepared on maxillary second premolars and three strain gauges were attached to the palatal surface of each tooth. The teeth were filled using amalgam with and without base material (glass-ionomer). Stresses occurred during the hardening phase and also through mastication and were measured by strain-gauge rosettes. (2) The stresses which occurred at the same points were calculated by the finite element method and compared with the values obtained experimentally. The highest stress values were observed when no base material was used.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1999

Histological features of artificial secondary caries adjacent to amalgam restorations.

Artificially induced carious lesions on either side of in vitro un/restored amalgam cavities were examined to establish the degree of randomness of caries development. Class I cavities were cut in 132 extracted premolars: twelve teeth were not restored, and 120 teeth were restored with one of 20 different restoration combinations of silver amalgam, base and varnish. After ageing for periods of 3 months and 1 year, the 12 unrestored teeth and 80 of the restored teeth were subjected to an in vitro bacterial challenge for 36 days, while the other 40 specimens were challenged in acidified broth (pH 4.0). Sections were then prepared for polarized light microscopy. Carious lesion configuration on either side of the cavity was noted, and outer, wall and dentine lesions measured. Data underwent Fisher's exact test, a chi-squared goodness of fit test and a Student's paired t-test with P<0.05. Except for dentine lesions, acid broth and unrestored specimens showed carious lesions having similar size and occurrence on either side of the cavity. Two unrestored cavities showed caries resistance. Restored, bacterially challenged specimens were significantly different regarding total and wall lesion distribution and wall lesion width and area on either side of the cut cavity. Acid broth challenge will promote regular caries development at the tooth-restoration interface. The random caries pattern which developed in restored bacterially challenged specimens indicates that the tooth-restoration interface forms a diverse environment providing sites of varying susceptibility to caries.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2003

Histopathological study of dental pulp tissue capped with enamel matrix derivative.

The purpose of this study was to examine the histopathological response of dental pulp tissue to enamel matrix derivative (EMD) used as a pulp capping material. Thirty-two teeth from two mongrel dogs were divided into four equal groups. One group served as controls, and the others were used for deep Class V cavity preparation followed by direct pulp capping with enamel matrix derivative. The treated teeth were extracted after 1, 4, and 8 weeks and prepared for histopathological examination by light microscopy. All teeth prepared after 4 and 8 weeks demonstrated an increase in tertiary dentin, suggesting that enamel matrix derivative exerts a considerable influence on odontoblasts and endothelial cells of capillaries in dental pulp tissue. These results imply that enamel matrix derivative used as a pulp capping material may play a role in the calcification of dental pulp tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The effect of fibre insertion on fracture resistance of root filled molar teeth with MOD preparations restored with composite.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of using flowable composite with or without leno woven ultra high modulus polyethylene fibre reinforcement on fracture resistance of root filled mandibular molars with mesio-occlusodistal (MOD) preparations. METHODOLOGY: Sixty sound extracted human mandibular molars were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 12). Group 1 did not receive any preparation. From groups 2 to 5, the teeth were root filled and MOD preparations were created. Group 2 remained unrestored. Group 3 was restored with a dentine bonding system (DBS; SE Bond, Kuraray, Japan) and composite resin (CR) (AP-X; Kuraray). In group 4, flowable composite resin (Protect Liner F; Kuraray) was used before restoring teeth with CR. In group 5, leno woven ultra high modulus polyethylene ribbon fibre (Ribbond, Seattle, WA, USA) was inserted into the cavities in a buccal to lingual direction and the teeth were then restored with DBS and CR. After finishing and polishing, the specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 1 day. Compressive loading of the teeth was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min(-1). The mean load necessary to fracture the samples were recorded in newtons (N) and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS: The mean load necessary to fracture the samples in each group were (in N): group 1: 1676.75 +/-154.63(a), group 2: 376.51 +/- 37.36(b), group 3: 733.23 +/- 133.33(c), group 4: 786.48 +/- 145.34(c), group 5: 943.63 +/- 121.15(d). There were statistically significant differences between the groups annotated with different letters. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Use of flowable composite resin under composite restorations had no effect on fracture resistance of root filled molar teeth with MOD preparations, (ii) use of polyethylene ribbon fibre under composite restorations in root filled teeth with MOD preparations significantly increased fracture strength.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1981

Experimental microleakage around ageing dental amalgam restorations: a review.

In vitro and in vivo experimental microleakage around ageing dental amalgam restorations has been reviewed. The methodologies, materials and results were examined and discussed. The initial experimental microleakage which occurred around unlined/unvarnished dental amalgam restorations and the development of leakage around lined/varnished dental amalgam restorations underlines the problem of attaining a permanent effective seal around dental amalgam restorations. The limitations of microleakage studies have been outlined and the importance of an understanding of the chemical changes which occur in the microcrevices stressed. This understanding may facilitate the production of a lifelong successful dental amalgam restoration and perhaps the development of an anticariogenic amalgam type fissure sealant.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1990

Long-term use of dentine adhesive as an interfacial sealer under Class II amalgam restorations.

An in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the long-term sealing properties of a light-cured dentine adhesive in Class II amalgam restorations. The restorations were subjected to repeated vertical occlusal loads and a number of thermocycling procedures. The results demonstrated significant advantages of using a dentine adhesive as an interfacial sealer in order to reduce microleakage, compared to a conventional Copal varnish.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1990

The production of secondary caries-like lesions on cavity walls and the assessment of microleakage using an in vitro microbial caries system.

The aim of this study was to assess microleakage along restored cavity walls using a new in vitro microbial technique. Extracted human teeth containing cavities restored with a microfine posterior composite were incubated in broth inoculated with a single strain of Streptococcus mutans for 10 days, using a sequential batch culture technique. Each margin of the cavities was finished in one of three ways: butt joint and etching; butt joint and no etching, or; bevel joint and etching. The assessment of microleakage was achieved by examining sections of the teeth histologically using polarized light for the presence or absence of caries-like cavity wall lesions. Outer (surface) lesions were also examined and displayed the characteristic zones of early natural caries lesions. The cavity wall lesions were observed as a translucent zone in 31% of butt and unetched margins, 16% of butt and etched margins, and 5% of bevelled and etched margins.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1991

Microleakage in three designs of glass ionomer under composite resin restorations.

Three Class V cavity configurations with walls above and below the cemento-enamel junction were compared when 'sandwich' technique restorations with glass ionomer and composite resin were used. No dye penetration occurred at the occlusal cavosurface margin when the latter was bevelled and light-cured Scotchbond was applied to the etched enamel before restoration with Durafil composite resin. The least dye penetration at the gingival margin was observed when Ketac bond glass ionomer covered the entire non-bevelled wall. No configuration entirely eliminated dye penetration at the gingival margin.

Acid Etching, Dental↗