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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

Health screening for occupational dermatoses in house painters.

During 1976-77 a field investigation was carried out into skin diseases among house painters in Stockholm, Sweden. The study was divided into three stages: I. questionnaires investigation, II. examination of painters who reported skin diseases, and III. patch testing and final classification. Of the 2,622 painters registered on 30 November 1976, 2239 (85.4%) answered the questionnaire. Current dermatoses were reported by 373 painters (16.7%) and of these, 227 were examined by us, 40 had recently been examined, and 106 did not attend. Occupational contact eczemas were diagnosed in 87 cases, and it was doubtful if the dermatoses were occupational in an additional 56 cases. A prevalence of 3.9% was suggested, but this represents a minimum figure. Chloracetamide was found to be an important cause of occupational contact eczema. A personal and/or family history of atopy was common among the affected painters. Solvents were widely used for skin cleansing; there is a great need for continuous information on protective measurements, and on skin cleansing and care. It is concluded that field investigation give higher and probably more reliable prevalence figures for occupational dermatoses than data compiled from outpatient clinics.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗

PubMed1984

Occupational dermatoses at a film laboratory.

During the period January 1980-June 1981, an investigation was made of skin diseases among employees of a film laboratory. The investigation was carried out in 5 stages. (I) Questionnaire (II) Clinical examination and interview with all employees who stated that they had had skin disease at some time (III) Patch testing at the laboratory of all cases of suspected occupational dermatoses, and control tests in hospital of 200 non-exposed eczema patients (IV) Investigation of protective gloves by patch testing and in a chemical bath (V) Allergy test on guinea pigs (GPMT) of one agent (PBA-1). The firm had 114 employees and the questionnaire was answered by 103. Altogether 43 persons at some time had been exposed to chemicals in their work, and 21 of them had had occupational dermatoses. In 12 cases, contact allergy was found to one or more of the photographic chemicals CD-2, CD-3, Metol and PBA-1. GPMT with PBA-1 showed it to be a potent sensitizer. The colour developing agents may also give rise to lichenoid reactions and 2 such cases were seen in this investigation. Other causes of occupational dermatoses are indicated, as well as the occurrence of non-occupational skin diseases.

Aminophenols↗

PubMed1988

Occupational dermatoses in workers exposed to resins based on phenol and formaldehyde.

During December 1985 and February 1986, an investigation was carried out into skin diseases among workers in a plant producing decorative equipment built of paper sheets impregnated with resol resins based on phenol and formaldehyde (P-F-R). A questionnaire was sent to all 238 employees and it was answered by 218 (91.6%). Previous and current dermatoses were reported by 98 workers and 89 of these were examined and patch tested. The patch testing was conducted with a standard test series and products from the working environment and revealed contact allergy to P-F-R in 9 persons and to formaldehyde in 1. Besides these 10 individuals with occupational allergic contact dermatitis, occupational dermatoses were diagnosed in an additional 20 workers; irritant contact dermatitis in 19 and chemical burn in 1. In total, the figure for occupational dermatoses was 30 (12.6%).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Evaluation on the antipruritic role of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of pruritic dermatoses.

BACKGROUND: Pruritus is a common and sometimes distressing symptom in many dermatological conditions. Response to conventional pharmaceutical agents may not be satisfactory, and adverse effects are real problems. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and adverse effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for ameliorating pruritus in patients with dermatoses. METHODS: A prospective 1-week study using TENS given once daily for treating pruritic dermatoses in 5 patients. RESULTS: Significant amelioration of pruritus was obtained without adverse effect referable to TENS treatment, and a subjective reduced use of conventional topical drugs was also reported by all patients. CONCLUSIONS: TENS is a useful aramentarium for short-term amelioration of pruritus in pruritic dermatoses. Long-term efficacy and safety await further studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Plasma concentrations of complement-modulating proteins (C1 inhibitor, C4 binding protein, factor H and factor I) in inflammatory dermatoses with special reference to psoriasis.

By using single radial immunodiffusion, plasma levels of four complement-modulating proteins, i.e. C1 inhibitor (C1INH), C4-binding protein (C4bp), factor H and factor I were measured in 42 psoriatic patients and in 60 patients with other inflammatory skin diseases in comparison with 27 normal controls. In psoriatic patients and those with related pustular dermatoses, the levels of C4bp, factor H and factor I were significantly increased. They correlated well with both extent of skin changes and disease activity. In contrast, in nonpsoriatic inflammatory dermatoses only factor H values were significantly increased in toxic erythema and factor I in atopic dermatitis. These results offer additional support for the hypothesis that the complement system is involved in psoriasis and related sterile pustular dermatoses.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

A study on dermatoses due to tonsillar focal infection using a nation-wide questionnaire in Japan.

The relation of the infected to nephritis, rheumatic and heart diseases has been recognized but that to dermatoses has not been fully established nor applied clinically by dermatogists or otolaryngologists in the treatment of such patients. In order to assess to attitude of dermatologists as regards the dermatoses due to focal tonsillar infection, a questionnaire was sent to the departments of dermatology of 72 universities in Japan: 44 (61.1%) have replied. There were 40 dermatoses listed as possibly associated with a focal infection. About 60% of the universities endeavoured to detect the focus although the focus was not always removed when identified.

Focal Infection↗

PubMed2003

Autoimmune bullous dermatoses in the elderly: diagnosis and management.

Elderly individuals are susceptible to autoimmune bullous dermatoses (in particular, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and paraneoplastic pemphigus). Bullous dermatoses are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Bullous dermatoses result from autoimmune responses to one or more components of the basement membrane or desmosomes. Pemphigoid results from autoimmunity to hemidesmosomal proteins present in the basement membrane of stratified squamous epithelia. Patients present with tense blisters in flexural areas of the skin. Mild or moderate bullous pemphigoid may be treated with potent topical corticosteroids while extensive disease usually requires systemic corticosteroids or systemic immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine. Mucosal pemphigoid affects one or more mucous membranes that are lined by stratified squamous epithelia. The two most commonly involved sites are the eye and the oral cavity. Lesions frequently result in scar formation, which may cause blindness. Patients with severe disease or ocular involvement require aggressive therapy with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita results from autoimmunity to type VII collagen in the anchoring fibrils of the basement membrane area. Lesions may either arise on an inflammatory base or be non-inflammatory and result primarily from trauma. The inflammatory type of the disease is more responsive to therapy than the non-inflammatory type. Treatment options include corticosteroids, dapsone, cyclosporin, plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin G. Paraneoplastic pemphigus results from autoimmunity to multiple antigens within the desmosomes. The disorder is associated with neoplasms, especially leukaemia and lymphoma. Patients present with severe stomatitis and polymorphous skin eruption. The mucosal and cutaneous involvement may respond to successful treatment of the underlying neoplasm or may require immunosuppressive therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Prevalence of probable kerosene dermatoses among ball-bearing factory workers.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of dermatoses among workers in a ball-bearing factory and its possible association with their exposure to kerosene. Two groups of female workers participated in the study. The first group included 79 persons with major kerosene exposure during work, while the second, a reference group, was composed of 263 zipper-manufacturing workers with a similar age distribution, educational background, and income. Dermatologic examinations were used to determine the prevalence rate of hand dermatoses (erythema, scaling, and eczema). In the exposed group 51 persons (65%) had erythema with or without desquamation over the interdigital spaces, 12 persons (15%) had eczematous lesions, 3 persons (4%) had defatting dermatitis, and only 13 persons (16%) were apparently asymptomatic. In the reference group only one person had hand eczema (less than 1%). The difference in the occurrence of dermatoses between the two groups was significant according to the Mantel-Haenszel summary chi-square test. Patch tests on five workers with eczematous lesions revealed one to be sensitive to mercury. The findings indicate that kerosene is a skin irritant. Antirust oil used on the ball-bearings may also contribute to the irritant effect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Epidermal pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses.

It is generally assumed that dermatitis, whether of allergic or irritant origin, is primarily an immunological/inflammatory disorder. In this article, we review recent information that supports an epidermal contribution to these disorders, as well as several other dermatoses. We first review new concepts of the epidermal barrier, with recent evidence that the stratum corneum is a biosensor that regulates the epidermal lipid and DNA-metabolic responses to a variety of exogenous insults. Various signaling mechanisms, including changes in levels of epidermal cytokines and growth factors, are potential candidates to mediate these metabolic responses. Our results show that these signaling molecules may be generated not in response to permeability barrier requirements, but as an avoidable consequence of the epidermal injury that accompanies all types of acute barrier abrogation. Although the role of cytokines/growth factors as regulators of metabolic events leading to barrier recovery is still unknown, their role in initiating a cytokine cascade leading to cutaneous pathology seems more certain. We conclude that signaling molecules, released following injury to the stratum corneum, initiate a cytokine cascade that induces inflammation, which is responsible for the clinical features of specific dermatoses. Thus, 'outside-to-inside' signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of dermatoses characterized by abnormal barrier function.

Cytokines↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contact sensitization to corticosteroids: increased risk in long term dermatoses.

Patients affected by chronic dermatoses are at high risk for the development of sensitization to corticosteroids. This study was carried out to evaluate contact hypersensitivity to corticosteroids in a selected group of patients affected by longlasting cutaneous dermatoses. Sixty subjects underwent the GIRDCA series. The Italian GIRDCA series we applied had the following substances in addition to the European standard series: imidazolidinyl urea 2% pet, thiomersal 0.1% pet, disperse yellow 31% pet, disperse red 1% pet, 4'4-diaminodiphenylmethane 0.5% pet, ammoniated mercury 1% pet. The patients were tested with our corticosteroids series and some of them also with their own steroid products. Allergic reactions to corticosteroids were observed in 8/60 (13.3%) patients; budesonide was the main sensitizer (7 positives) followed by hydrocortisone-17-butyrate and betamethasone-17-valerate (2 and 1 positives, respectively). One patient also reacted to methylprednisolone aceponate contained in her own cream. 4/8 positives were certainly related to previous drug-exposure. This study showed a very high percentage of sensitization to corticosteroids. In our opinion, this value may be due both to our selection-standards and to the wide employment of a well known sensitizer like budesonide in our country. Although a corticosteroids series like ours seems to be adequate for the detection of sensitized patients, patch tests with individual compounds and/or steroids corresponding to local prescription habits are recommended, especially in unresponsive chronic dermatoses.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of stress and other psychological factors on the pathophysiology and treatment of dermatoses.

Psychological factors precipitate or increase the morbidity of many dermatoses. There is increasing evidence that stress influences disease processes and contributes to the inflammation through vasoactive neuropeptides, lymphokines or other chemical mediators. Experimental results indicate that the endocrine, nervous and immune systems can no longer be considered autonomous, but involve complex bidirectional interactions between them. Dermatology holds a distinct position in psychosomatic medicine because it deals with an organ that can be readily seen and touched. The psychological states of anxiety, fear, shame, pleasure, and sexual excitation are visibly indicated by blushing, hair-rising, growing pale, itching or hyperhidrosis. The skin, therefore, clearly responds to many psychologic and stressful stimuli. As the skin is exposed to view, dermatoses elicit reactions from the patients' environment and the easy accessibility of the skin allows patients to interact directly with their lesions. In addition to the classic stress response involving increased levels of neuroendocrine hormones and autonomic neurotransmitters, stress also affects the immune system. Stress has been reported to cause decreased natural killer cell cytotoxicity, depressed mitogenic responses in lymphocytes, increased IgA levels, enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis and activation of interferon synthesis in lymphocytes. Psychodermatological syndromes can be classified according to the type and degree of causal relationship between the psychological etiology and the dermatoses. There is some overlap between the groups, but there is a satisfactory classification under three major headings that suggests an approach to treatment.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

[The epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention of dermatoses in workers manufacturing alumina from different aluminum ores].

Studies of dermatological morbidity in the workers of alumina enterprises showed a lowered incidence of skin lesions caused by common chemical harmfulness and increased incidence of allergic occupational dermatoses. Different types of such dermatoses are related to the ore used. The total level dermatologic morbidity mainly depends on the technology stage of the process but not on the type of raw material. Dermatologic screenings have shown that skin mycoses were the most incident among the dermatoses, whereas analysis of sick-leave records indicates the highest incidence of pyoderma; this necessitates adequate preventive measures.

Absenteeism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic approach in vesicular and bullous dermatoses].

Vesicular and bullous dermatoses are etiopathologically different dermatoses, whose basic manifestations are vesicles or bullae. There are hereditary and acquired vesicular and bullous dermatoses. The diagnosis is based on the anamnesis, dermatologic status and laboratory findings, which are presented in detail. The aim of this paper is to show a diagnostic algorithm for vesicular and bullous diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Correct diagnosis is the precondition an adequate treatment in patients as well as for a better prognosis.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2006

Role of slit skin smear examination in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and other chronic dermatoses.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of slit-skin smear examination in the diagnosis of various chronic dermatoses. The study included 24 patients with chronic dermatoses who presented to the skin outpatient department. Ten patients had idiopathic erythroderma, seven were diagnosed with airborne contact dermatitis, four had cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, two had chronic actinic dermatoses, and a single patient had panniculitis. Slit skin smears were obtained from all patients, stained with Leishman stain, and examined under microscope. Out of 24 patients, all four cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma showed abnormal cells suggestive of lymphomatous infiltration, two patients with airborne contact dermatitis showed reactive lymphocytes, and two idiopathic erythroderma cases showed numerous eosinophils in the smear. Slit skin smear examination is a simple rapid, decisive test in the diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It is a useful screening test, especially in Sezary syndrome and diseases with specific skin infiltrate.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical significance of Willebrand's factor in allergic dermatoses in children].

An original micromethod for assaying Willebrand's factor (WF) was used to measure the content of the protein in 45 children with different allergic dermatoses. WF measurement were at the height of the clinical manifestations and during remissions. It has been established that children with allergic dermatoses manifest a fairly appreciable increase fo WF in the plasma, which is likely to reflect objectively the systematic nature and gravity of vascular endothelium derangement. The increase of WF correlates with the gravity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. As the clinical symptoms were being removed, the level of WF was progressively decreasing. Its normalization attests to a genuine arrest of allergic vasculitis. Platelet activation detected in all the forms of allergic dermatoses in the basis for inclusion of antiaggregation agents into those patients' treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Vulvar dermatoses: common problems in dermatological and gynaecological practice.

The most commonly encountered vulvar dermatoses present as cutaneous papules or scaly plaques. The two major categories are the papulosquamous disorders, which include psoriasis, seborrhoea and the 'lichens' (lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, lichen simplex chronicus) and chronic or recurrent infections (tinea, Candida, papillomavirus, herpes simplex). These conditions are morphologically similar, and treatment for one condition may affect the appearance of another. Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC, histologically squamous cell hyperplasia) is a secondary dermatosis, a non-specific cutaneous change indicating the presence of pruritus. Candida, tinea, lichen sclerosus, papillomavirus and topical agents have all been implicated in the development of LSC. Chronic vulvar burning (vulvodynia) is rarely associated with cutaneous change other than erythema, but may occur with vulvar dermatoses, occult Candida or papillomavirus infection, vulvar vestibulitis or cutaneous dysaesthesias. Topical preparations are most commonly used to treat vulvar disorders. Treatment trials typically require several weeks of therapy to determine responses. Allergic reactions to components must be distinguished from irritants, and complications of therapy must be recognised and prevented if possible. Overuse of topical medications, especially steroids, may lead to mycotic superinfection or to rebound dermatoses related to steroid withdrawal. Anxious patients may overclean or overtreat sensitive genital skin in the belief that they are unclean or harbour a sexually transmitted disease. In some situations, systemic medication may offer an appropriate adjunct or alternative to topical therapy.

Female↗

PubMed1990

[Paraneoplastic bullous dermatoses].

The author analyzes the clinical data and paraclinical characteristics of patients with paraneoplastic bullous dermatoses, followed up at the Research Institute of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the town of Gorki since 1980. Clinical features of Duhring's paraneoplastic dermatoses were detected, consisting in dissemination of the process with involvement of facial skin and with essential itching. Paraclinical characteristics are as follows: neither eosinophils, nor acantholytic cells are detectable in the vesicular contents, Jadassohn's test is negative, histomorphologic examination shows intraepidermal localization of the vesicle. In paraneoplastic pemphigus involvement of the mucosae alone was recorded, and the painful syndrome whose severity did not correlate with the depth of the pathologic foci; corticosteroid therapy has proved ineffective. The author recommends thorough examinations of patients with bullous dermatoses if they present with the aforesaid clinical and paraclinical characteristics.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Presence of chemotactic peptides other than C5a anaphylatoxin in scales of psoriasis and sterile pustular dermatoses.

A unique leukocyte chemotactic factor of around 12 kD molecular weight has been suggested to be responsible for the mechanisms involved in transepidermal migration of leukocytes observed in psoriasis and related sterile pustular dermatoses. Although we confirmed with radioimmunoassay the presence of a C5-cleavage product in the chemotactic fractions from psoriatic scale extract eluted by gel filtration HPLC, the neutrophil chemotactic activity demonstrated in the peak fraction was only partially inhibited by rabbit antiserum to human C5a, whereas that noted in the peak fraction, prepared from zymosan activated serum, was totally abrogated by the same treatment. Similarly the chemotactic fraction prepared from the scale extracts of other related pustular dermatoses were only partially inhibited with anti-C5a antiserum. These findings suggest that chemotactic peptides other than C5a also play a role in the transepidermal migration of leukocytes in these dermatoses.

Animals↗