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PubMed2005

Oral piercings among first-year university students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine oral piercings among first-year university students. STUDY DESIGN: First-year university students in 2002 were invited to a dental examination (n = 234; 49 men and 185 women). Students with piercings formed the study group and the rest served as controls. The methods included decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF) index, stimulated salivary flow rates, panoramic tomograms, and questionnaires including the Depression Inventory of Beck. Fisher's 2-sided exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral piercings was 3.4%. In the DMF indices, no statistically significant differences existed between the groups. Increased salivary flow rates were noted among students with piercings (63% vs 26%, P < .05). Use of tobacco and illicit drugs, and also depression, were more prevalent in the study group than in the controls. CONCLUSION: Because of the possibility of oral implications, follow-up of oral piercings is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Decayed, missing, and filled teeth among Jewish and Arab schoolchildren in Israel.

The purpose of this investigation was to gather information on caries prevalence in schoolchildren of Arab and Jewish populations, and compare caries prevalence according to sex, age and population examined. Altogther, 3672 children were included in the survey (1975 Jews, 1001 of whom were females; and 1697 Arabs, 840 of whom were females). During the examination only dental caries were checked. Caries were marked according to the DMF index. Compared to former years there is an increase in the prevalence of caries throughout the population. A slightly lower caries prevalence was found among Jewish children than among Arab children of the same age. However, when DMF is broken down into its component parts, Arab children were seen to have a greater number of teeth affected by caries and in need of treatment (D). Furthermore, treatment need has been met to a much greater degree among Jewish children than among Arab children. Arab children received almost no dental care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Serum IgG level against Streptococcus mutans in subjects with caries experience.

Serum IgG level against Streptococcus mutans serotype c was studied in 33 subjects, in relation to dental caries, oral hygiene and age. The activity of the serum IgG against the sonicated antigens of the bacterium was evaluated by micro-ELISA. The serum IgG titer to S. mutans was significantly higher in the subjects with no detectable carious lesions than in the subjects with active caries (p less than 0.05). However, there was no clear difference between the serum IgG antibody to S. mutans and the DMF index. The serum IgG antibodies to S. mutans were associated with the level of oral hygiene but not with age.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of caries prevalence in children and adolescents in Zabrze subjected to planned stomatological care].

In a group of 923 children aged 8 to 15 years (475 girls and 448 boys) caries was found in 80.61%. The intensity of the carietic process (DMF) was for the whole group 3.08 teeth. The study demonstrated increasing prevalence of caries with age. The intensit and the prevalence of caries were greater in girls than in boys. The analysis of the components of the DMF index showed a considerably large proportion of teeth with active caries with a low proportion of filled and removed teeth. The mean D index in the whole group was 2.09, in girls it was 2.22, in boys 1.93. The mean number of filled teeth was low: 0.91 for all children, 1.09 for girls, and 0.72 for boys. In the studied population the characteristic age, that is reaching of equal DMF values for the maxilla and mandible, was at the end of the 12th year of life and earlier in girls. Moreover, it was found that the intensity of caries was greatest in molar teeth and lowest in canine teeth. This was due, among others, to the condition of sixth teeth which was unsatisfactory. The mean DMF of the first permanent molars was 2.28 for the whole group, 2.46 for girls and 2.09 (teeth) for boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Teeth condition in children aged 7 years in Warsaw and the province of Warsaw].

Teeth were examined in 180 children aged 7 years of either sex in three randomly selected regions: Warsaw, Sulejówek and Wiazowna community by the routine method in school stomatological offices. The assessment of teeth was done according to the WHO principles. In the studied population 85.3% erupted permanent molars, 71.1% medial incisors, and 29.2% lateral incisors were found. No significant differences were found in the per cent of erupted permanent teeth between these three regions, but the proportion of erupted teeth was greater in girls than boys. The prevalence of caries in the permanent teeth in this population was 25%, and again no difference of this prevalence was found between these three regions, but in girls this prevalence was greater than in boys. The DMF index was not different in these regions, but in girls it was twice that in boys (0.6 vs 0.3).

Child↗
PubMed1990

Longitudinal study of dental caries prevalence and incidence in the rapakivi (high fluoride) and olivine diabase (low fluoride) areas of Laitila, Finland.

This paper is a continuation of the author's study published in 1975. The teeth of the school children included in the study were first examined in 1952, re-examined in 1972 and subsequently at 5-year intervals. Children in the village of Salo had drinking water with a high fluride content and those in the village of Suontaka drank water with a low fluoride content. In the first examination, the Salo children showed a caries prevalence, measured with the DMF inxed, ca. 67% lower than the Suontaka children. With some exceptions, such as the first molars, the absolute differences in caries prevalence between subjects from the two villages had remained practically the same throughout the years. By the 1987 examination, the difference had been reduced, measured with the DMF index, to about 23% and with the DMFS index, to about 28%. In the last 5 years (1982-87), the DMFS index of the Suontaka pupils increased by 2.5 and that of the Salo pupils by 4.1. In the preceding two 5-year periods the increment in each group was ca. 7.0%.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of the parental home on the oral health status of children].

The oral situation of 507 children and their parents were during the first consultation in a orthodontic department observed and an interview was made with all. The strongest correlation (cc = 0.61) was found between the tooth brushing routine of parents and children. The profession of parents had influence on the oral hygiene, the periodontal condition and the DMF-index of children. The level of oral hygiene of parents had also a favourable effect on the oral hygiene of children.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dental experience of cleft affected children in the west of Ireland.

AIM: To investigate caries experience and initial access to dental services in a group of children with cleft lip/palate in the west of Ireland. DESIGN AND METHOD: Cross sectional study with prospective data capture and matched control. Details of children born with a cleft were obtained from all health professionals likely to be involved in delivering care to these children. Existing databases were cross-referenced to eliminate duplication or missed patients. A matched control sample was recruited from 14 schools in the region. RESULTS: A sample of 90 cleft affected children (48 male, 42 female) with any category of cleft born between 1980-1996 (i.e. 16 years) was compared with a control group of 100 non cleft children (60 male, 40 female). The DMF index was determined by a trained and calibrated clinician. Twenty-two percent (n=20) of the cleft group were caries free compared to 41% (n=41) in the control group. The combined dmf/DMF for the cleft group was 2.09 compared to 1.50 for the control (P<0.05). Separate analysis of the dmf and DMF between the two groups indicated that the difference lay in the caries found in the deciduous dentition of the cleft group. The first dental visit was at 4 years of age for the cleft group. CONCLUSIONS: Cleft affected children in the region did not receive adequate and regular dental care at the appropriate time. In view of the significantly greater risk of dental disease in clefting, particularly in the deciduous dentition, all cleft affected children should be referred for comprehensive and continued preventive dental care from the first year of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trends in caries experience in US employed adults from 1971-74 to 1985: cross-sectional comparisons.

The evidence for trends in caries experience among adults is examined by use of data from the NCHS NHANES I survey of dental disease, conducted from 1971 to 1974, and the NIDR Survey of Employed Adults and Seniors, conducted in 1985 and 1986. The main findings of the study are: (1) Mean DMF teeth and surfaces have declined among US employed adults who were 18-44 years old in 1985 compared with similar-aged persons in 1971-74; (2) differences in mean DMF teeth and surfaces could not be detected when persons aged 45 or older were compared; (3) missing and decayed components of DMF decreased in all age groups; (4) mean DF teeth decreased in persons under 30 years of age and mean DF surfaces in persons under 35; (5) improvements in DMF were demonstrated by both genders and all regions of the US; (6) all tooth types (anteriors, premolars, and 1st and 2nd molars) showed improvement in DMF; and (7) while employed whites clearly demonstrated an improvement in DMF, a commensurate improvement among employed blacks was not apparent. As measured by the DMF index, caries experience declined in US employed adults under 45 years old between 1971-74 and 1985.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Dental caries, restoration and tooth conditions in U.S. adults, 1988-1991. Selected findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

This article provides estimates of dental caries experience and selected restorative and tooth conditions among U.S. adults, obtained from Phase 1 (1988-1991) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Between 1988 and 1991, 94 percent of adults in the United States showed evidence of past or present coronal caries. Based on the data collected, the authors estimate that about 40.5 percent, or 61.6 million, dentate adults had at least one tooth or tooth space that could potentially benefit from professional treatment. Minimally, it is estimated that 135.6 million tooth or tooth spaces among U.S. adults may benefit from professional treatment. These estimates supplement information available from the DMF index to provide a broader profile of the impact of dental caries on permanent tooth of U.S. adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Dental caries in a group of schoolchildren in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

This investigation was carried out in order to collect information regarding oral health in a group of schoolchildren in Kandy, Sri Lanka. 614 children of 6.9, 12 and 15 years were selected by stratified random sampling and examined under field conditions. The primary dentition showed a high rate of caries on all types of surfaces. Caries in the permanent dentition was mainly located to pits and fissures below the age of 12 years, after which smooth surface caries developed. The D-component was by far the largest component of the DMF-index in both the primary and the permanent dentition. The results are discussed in the light of the existing dental care delivery system in Sri Lanka.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of triennial screening of a mountain community school population in USSL n. 42].

The paper reports data regarding dental caries in deciduous and permanent teeth in a sample population of 1015 pupils aged between 5 and 15, resident in the mountain community of the Chisone and Germanasca Valleys. The DMF index was significantly high, especially if one takes into account that the partial findings referring to '89 are virtually unchanged in comparison to '87.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oromaxillofacial changes in thalassemia major].

Sixty patients (31 male and 29 female) with thalassemia major, aged between 6 and 26 years, 18 of which were splenectomized, were observed in this study evaluating the oro-maxillo-facial alterations and correlating them to transfusion indexes, serum ferritin levels, splenectomy and age. For each patient a haematologic and odontostomatologic card was filed with a view to report the medical and clinical history regarding: the haematologic picture, the prevention of caries and parodontal disease, the facies characteristics, the odonto-stomatologic examination, the orthodontic diagnosis, the skull X-rays and the orthopantomography. Poor oral hygiene as well as misknowledge of prevention were generally observed. All the patients showed carious lesions but most of them had never seen a dentist for therapy. The disharmonious growth of splanchnocranium, with the enlargement of the jaw and of its alveolar process, induced by the bone marrow hyperplasia, produced various and serious malocclusion stages (Angle's II class, deep bite, open bite), gnathologic alterations, hypodiaphanous paranasal sinuses and orbital hypertelorism, with a typical oriental-like facies. Malocclusion and the poor oral hygienic conditions determined the occurrence of marginal gingivitis, mainly localized at the level of the lower frontal teeth. In only 3 patients the oral mucous membrane was pale and atrophic. During this investigation agenesia and dental retention were reported in 30% and in 26% of the examined cases respectively, while no patients had supernumerary teeth. Tooth volume, position and shape abnormalities rarely occurred. Only in two patients was enamel hypoplasia described. The caries frequency greatly varied in number and in degree. Only five patients did not show any carious lesions. The caries index (DMF) for the permanent teeth calculated in all the 60 subjects was 5, 12 +/- 4.76. By utilizing Spearman's rank test the number of teeth with caries in the permanent dentition (DFM) and in the mixed dentition (DFM + dmf) was correlated to the average value of ferritin, with the ferritin peak, with transfusion requirements and with the age of the patient at the date of the clinical examination. A significant inverse correlation was therefore demonstrated between transfusion requirements and caries in the mixed dentition. The chi 2 test was used to assess the different frequency of the caries index (above 5) between splenectomized and non-splenectomized patients. Splenectomy proved to be associated only apparently to the total number of patients with more than 5 caries. Conversely, in the non-splenectomized group the frequency of patients with more than 5 caries was definitely lower. Indeed the overall number of caries in both groups of splenectomized and non-splenectomized subjects, of the same average age, was almost identical. Consequently, splenectomy and the higher number of caries are statistically more probable in individuals affected by thalassemia, of increasing age, without however being mutually correlated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological survey of caries occurrence in school age children].

In this paper a sample of 242 subjects has been examined in order to verify the frequency and diffusion of dental caries in some Elementary school of the Pavia district. The analysis of the outcomes obtained have showed substantial differences between this district and others formerly examined. However a significant decrease of DMF index has been noticed owing to notable work of information made by the teaching-staff. The need of an advertising campaign carried out by specialized staff is emphasized.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental health in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A study of 94 cases.

The dental health of 94 HIV-positive patients was investigated by the sum of carious, missing and filling teeth (DMF index), plaque (Silness and Löe) and bleeding point indices (Lenox and Kopczyk). Blood parameters were evaluated, including total lymphocytes, CD4+ lymphocytes, beta-2-microglobulin, platelets, the Quick index, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA). Patient oral parameters were contrasted with risk group (intravenous drug users homo- and heterosexuals) and controls. An evaluation was also made of differences in dental condition as a function of CD4+ cell number, according to the latest CDC classification (1992). HIV-positive intravenous drug users were found to present poorer DMF, plaque and bleeding point indices than the rest of the patients. No relationship was observed between CD4+ cell numbers in blood and dental condition, thus suggesting that the deteriorated dental health observed is a consequence of factors inherent to the risk groups involved rather than of the altered blood parameters.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1976

Fluoridation in Canberra. III. Dental caries after ten years.

The water supply of Canberra was fluoridated in eptember 1964. This report covers the period 1965 to 1974 during which children aged five to twelve years were examined. These children had lived in Canberra since fluoridation commenced. In comparison with base-line data the results showed a progressive improvement in the DMF and defindices. The reduction in the DMF index for children aged six years who were examined in 1974 was 81.0 per cent, and for children aged twelve years it was 48.5 per cent. The reduction was greatest for incisor teeth.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Survey of a Molise school population].

The Authors present the conclusive data of an epidemiologic research conducted into th school population of Oratino, a little village in Molise. The incidence of the caries is very high, with def and DMF indexes that exceed th values referred in similar researches. On th contrary, in the various communities taken as samples, the curves of development of the caries, are noticeably similar, as regard to the age.

Child↗