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Non immunological analytic data for the differential diagnosis between miliary tuberculosis (MTBC) and bird breeder's disease (BBD).

A group of 86 patients diagnosed as having MTBC were compared to a group of 25 patients with BBD on the basis of various blood values included in routine analysis (hemogram, leukocyte count and differential, blood electrolyte values, urea, creatinine, total proteins and proteinogram). After statistical evaluation of the results, we concluded that the finding of low values for hemoglobin, and red blood cell (RBC) count and hematocrit, alterations of leukocyte count and differential, hypoalbuminemia, and hyponatremia, in a patient with fever and a miliary chest X-ray pattern, supports the diagnosis of MTBC. On the other hand, normal values for the above parameters, together with hypergammaglobulinemia favors the diagnosis of BBD. Our data also demonstrated a 79% mortality rate in patients with MTBC and plasma urea levels of more than 55 mg/100 ml (p less than 0.001).

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗

[Studies on the identification of psychotropic substances. IX. Preparation and various analytical data of reference standard of new psychotropic substances, N-ethyl methylenedioxyamphetamine, N-hydroxy methylenedioxyamphetamine, mecloqualone, 4-methylaminorex, phendimetrazine and phenmetrazine].

The reference standards of N-Ethyl methylenedioxyamphetamine, N-Hydroxy methylenedioxy-amphetamine, Mecloqualone, 4-Methylaminorex. Phendimetrazine and Phenmetrazine were chemically prepared from commercial chemicals. Their purities determined by HPLC were more than 99.8%. The standard spectra and chromatograms of the standards such as TLC, UV, IR, HPLC, GC/MS and NMR were measured. For the identification of these six drugs in forensic laboratory, their mass fragmentation and NMR spectra were discussed.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗

Analytical data of March 1993 blast victims--the KEM Hospital experience.

On 13th March 1993 consequent to a series of explosions in the city a large number of casualties were attended to at this hospital. A total of 248 patients were treated for various injuries which included 85 minor and 34 major operations. Seventy-nine patients were brought in "dead on arrival". There were 12 deaths after admission out of which 6 patients died after surgery. The cause of death was hemorrhagic shock in 5 patients, burns in 2, severe head injury in 2, and shock lung in 3 patients.

Explosions↗

Analytical data of January 1993 communal riot victims--the KEM Hospital experience.

Bombay experienced a violent outbreak of communal rioting in January 1993. Four hundred and thirteen casualties were treated in the KEM hospital from January 7 to January 15, of which 194 required admission and further management. Twenty-seven were brought dead on arrival. The large influx of casualties sustained over a period of 9 days tended to overwhelm the medical facilities. The data of the admitted patients are analyzed to identify the frequency of admissions, cause and nature of injuries sustained, management and prognosis of casualties in such a catastrophe. An attempt is also made to identify the problems faced during such a crisis and a few suggestions made for their solution.

Adult↗

[Isotypic characterization of IgA paraproteins: association with other clinical and analytic data].

A study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the characteristics of IgA paraprotein and the clinical findings in a group of 196 patients. In 19 cases IgA paraprotein was associated with another monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG or IgM); the other 177 patients had a single IgA paraprotein; 145 of them corresponded to multiple myeloma (MM) and the other 32 to other diagnostics. Class and type of paraproteins were identified by immunoelectrophoresis and subclass by an enzyme-immunoassay specifically developed for this study. The degree of polymerization of the protein was determined by gel filtration; quantitation of monoclonal IgA and polyclonal IgG and IgM was obtained by kinetic nephelometry. Out of 196 paraproteins, 96.4% were classified in IgA1 subclass and only 3.6% in IgG2. In 14 cases, all of them diagnosed with MM, monoclonal IgA in serum was associated with Bence-Jones protein; in more than 78% of them light chains corresponded to type lambda, whereas type kappa predominated (over 60%) in cases without Bence-Jones protein in serum. Significantly higher serum levels of monoclonal IgA were associated with the diagnosis of myeloma, with type kappa paraproteins, and with the presence of Bence-Jones protein in serum. The cases with two paraproteins (IgA and IgG or IgM) had significantly lower serum levels of IgA, with comparable levels of total paraprotein (the addition of both monoclonal immunoglobulins). Serum levels of polyclonal IgG and IgM, which appeared decreased in cases of MM, were normal in cases with other conditions. In all these cases, monoclonal IgA showed a monomeric character, whereas relevant amounts of polymerized IgA paraprotein was found in almost a third part of myeloma cases, particularly in those with higher serum levels of paraprotein, or when paraprotein belonged to type kappa. The 5 IgA2 paraproteins analyzed had a polymeric character. In conclusion, a detailed, both qualitative and quantitative, analysis of IgA paraproteins can lead to a better knowledge of conditions associated with their presence and at the same time provides useful data for a clinical evaluation of patients.

Humans↗

Fatty acid oxidation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementing illness of the elderly and is a mounting public health problem. Pharmacoepidemiological data, analytical data from human tissue and body fluids, and mechanistic data mostly from murine models all have implicated oxidation products of two fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Here we review the biochemistry of AA and DHA oxidation, both enzyme-catalyzed and free radical mediated, and summarize those studies that have investigated these oxidation products as effectors of neurodegeneration and biomarkers of AD. Given the evolving appreciation for toxicity associated with current pharmaceuticals used to block AA and DHA oxidation, we close by speculating on likely areas of future research directed at suppressing this facet of neurodegeneration. If successful, these interventions are unlikely to cure AD, but may check its explosive growth and hopefully reduce its incidence and prevalence in the elderly.

Alzheimer Disease↗