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Results for “Decalcification, Pathologic”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[X-ray densitometry and biochemical parameters of bone tissue metabolism in patients with vibration disease].

To reveal systemic and local osteoporosis, the authors studied biochemical markers of bone metabolism in vibration disease patients. The vibration disease patients appeared to have the most frequent and marked osteoporosis in peripheral bones--hands (in 90% of cases) and forearms (in 66.7%). Prevalence of systemic osteoporosis and osteopenia reached 11.7 and 48.3% in the select respectively. According to biochemical markers, bone reconstruction state was characterized by moderately intensified bone resorption and diminished bone formation.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

[Transient osteopenia of the hip in children].

The course and results of treatment of 4 boys with transient osteopenia of the hip are presented. Mean age of patients at the onset of symptoms was 9 years 5 months (range 5 years 3 months-14 years 6 months). Pain at exertion and limp dominated in all cases. Quadriceps atrophy was a constant finding and hip rotation was restricted in 3 cases. Laboratory findings were normal except for the elevated ESR. Radiography and CT showed diffused osteopenia within femoral neck and head. Bone scan was abnormal in 3 cases. Weight bearing restriction and exercises introduction resulted in ceasing of the symptoms within 3 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Developmental osteopenia: decrease of bone mineral density or systemic impairment?].

In the quantitative evaluation of bone osteopenia is defined as a decrease of mineral density by more than 1 SD from the established normal values (age, sex, peak bone mass...). The border of osteopenia and osteoporosis is demarcated by -2.5 SD (T-score) in adults, while in children the most proper is considered to be -2.0 SD (Z-Score). The aim of the study was to determine whether developmental osteopenia is accompanied by biochemical abnormalities and what are clinical symptoms concomitant with this condition. The studies include 28 children aged 5-17 years, in whom no chronic disease, especially of locomotor system, was found. The basis for diagnosis was densitometric examination of bone, with DEXA method (densitometer by Lunar), vertebral column (Spine) in the pediatric program or for adults. The most frequent causes for referring to the examination were pain in the spine, limbs or history of multiple bone fractures. In the performed biochemical examinations hypomagnesemia, decreased concentration of 25OHD and PTH in blood serum, increased activity of bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase as well as increased excretion of hydroxyproline in urine, were found in several children. In about 1/3 of the children low body mass, and in some cases also retardation of the bone age was revealed. The results of our studies allow a conclusion, that in children with certain clinical abnormalities from locomotor system osteopenia may take place. This disturbance is concomitant with various deviations in calcium-phosphate metabolism and requires adequate therapy. It may be supposed, that in the majority of children, osteopenia was caused by low dietary calcium intake, together with reduced physical activity and vitamin D deficiency. The observations and conclusions from the study are of important practical significance, because children with osteopenia are the risk group for the appearance of osteoporosis in their future life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Diagnostic techniques in children with secondary deforming temporomandibular osteoarthrosis].

The article presents the results of examination 135 children aged 2-15 years with deformities of maxillofacial system. Original screening methods of diagnosis of congenital disorders of metabolism were used. The signs of dismetabolic processes and morphofunctional disorders in gastrointestinal organs were found. These may indicate congenital and acquired genesis of metabolism-disturbances, which promote deforming of maxillofacial region and skeleton.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prevention in orthodontics--a review.

Increasing numbers of patients are being orthodontically treated by specialist and general dental practitioners, after postgraduate courses and clinical assistantships. The potential for iatrogenic damage to the teeth and supporting structures has, therefore, also increased. This paper examines these problems and outlines measures for their prevention.

Decalcification, Pathologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Japanese adult case of cystic fibrosis causing bone demineralization.

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited, multisystem disorder characterized by an abnormality in exocrine gland function. It leads to chronic pulmonary disease in most cases and pancreatic insufficiency in 85 percent of patients. Although this disease is not uncommon in Caucasians, it has been considered very rare among Japanese. The majority of patients are diagnosed in infancy or childhood. The patient in this case report was a 45-year-old Japanese man who had not been diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis. This patient had recurrent episodes of pulmonary infection that started in childhood, and plain films of the chest showed increased interstitial markings, hyperaeration, and bronchiectasis. CT of the upper abdomen showed a generally enlarged pancreas with complete fatty replacement. Serum and urine pancreatic enzyme levels were low, suggesting pancreatic insufficiency. Repeated sweat tests were positive. A roentgenologic skeletal survey showed general demineralization, which may be multifactorial. In this case, it was concluded that vitamin D deficiency caused by vitamin D malabsorption and/or insufficient sunlight exposure was mainly responsible for the demineralization and that chronic respiratory acidosis might also be partially responsible.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1992

[Prevalence of bone decalcification in the treatment of Crohn's disease].

In clinically active Crohn's disease the bone mineralization is impaired due to calcium malabsorption by the inflamed intestinal wall which is potentiated by diarrhoea and the thus accelerated transit time. To this we must add the shortening of the gut after operations, the inadequate dietary calcium supply or possibly calcium elimination in case of concurrent lactose intolerance. Corticoid treatment leads also to deterioration of bone mineralization. This is the reason why the authors assessed in 98 patients with Crohn's disease the bone mineralization, using the method of clavicular bone index (NIBA). Then treatment was started: a high protein diet, calcium forte, Ossin (sodium fluoride), vitamin D forte, anabolics and regular physical exercise. Check-up examinations after one year revealed that the index was restored in the majority of patients (60.84%) to normal. The above treatment is thus effective. It must be, however, regular and of a long-term character, in some patients it must extend over many years. We had, however, also patients who although subjected to an extensive resection of the gut and treated for prolonged periods with corticoids, had permanently an index between 100 and 120% without treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Fracture of the upper extremity of the femur in elderly women: respective role of fall and bone demineralization].

Fractures of the proximal femur in elderly individuals are becoming increasingly common in the industrialized world and represent a heavy burden in both socioeconomic and human terms. Two factors are key to the pathophysiology of these fractures: falls and decreased bone strength due to osteoporosis. Femoral and vertebral bone density was measured in 40 elderly women (83 +/- 5 years) who experienced a fall; in those who developed a femoral fracture as a result of the fall, femoral bone density was lower by 12 to 21% (z score: -0.7 to -1.04) than in those with no fracture, after adjustment for age, height and weight. Femoral neck and trochanteric area measurements had the best predictive value (area under the RoC curve: 75% +/- 8%). These was no difference by anatomic fracture type (neck or trochanter). Patients with pertrochanteric fractures had lower vertebral bone densities than controls. These findings, together with recent prospective data, demonstrate that in addition to falls, bone loss (osteoporosis) promotes the occurrence of fractures of the proximal femur in elderly patients. This has important practical implications for the detection and prevention of these fractures.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Focal demineralization of the cortical plate of the jaw and its experimental reversibility based on microphotometry data].

Focal demineralization of bone tissue with local dosed vacuum (exposure of up to 20 sec) and 2% lithium chloride electrophoresis (8 sessions daily, 10 min exposure) was tried in 40 white rats (21 reference ones and 19 experimental). The maximal reduction of mineral content was achieved on days 3-7 after the end of the course and made up 76.2 +/- 15.0% (p less than 0.01) and 80.6 +/- 12.5% (p less than 0.001), respectively, as against the reference animals. Mineral content at the site of demineralization gradually normalized by day 21. This transient reduction of mineral content of bone tissue may be used in orthodontic treatment of dentition abnormalities.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of plaque fluid on demineralization of enamel powder].

The aim of this study was to explore any substance in dental plaque which might affect the demineralization of enamel. Plaque fluid was prepared by centrifugation of pooled plaque from 56 young adults without periodontal diseases. Enamel was separated from healthy teeth of adolescents and crushed into powder. The enamel powder was treated separately by plaque fluid and synthetic plaque fluid (as a control, with similar calcium, fluoride content and pH as the natural). After this, the enamel powder was washed with PBS. Both the plaque fluid-treated and synthetic plaque fluid-treated enamel powder were demineralized by mixed organic acid (pH 4.5). The calcium content in both plaque fluids, PBS and organic acid after treatment with enamel powder was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that there was no promoting effect in plaque fluid on demineralization of enamel, but, on the other hand, some protecting action was observed which might contribute to the presence of proteins in plaque fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro experiments on effect of soft drinks on dental enamel].

The composition and dental properties of eight different soft drinks, representing some of the most popular types used in the U.K., were examined. Demineralisation experiments were conducted on hydroxylapatite, the basic component of dental enamel, determining calcium dissolving by atomic absorption spectroscopy and phosphorus by UV/vis spectrophotometry. The titratable acid content of the drinks was found to give a better guide than their pH to their potential dental erosiveness. The sugars content, in their ready-to-drink form, varied from zero in a low-calorie product up to almost 14% in a black-currant drink, but using a technique with a relatively long contact time, and in the absence of intact dental plaque, the demineralising action on hydroxylapatite of the acids already in the drinks eclipsed the effects of the acid generated by oral micro-organisms from the sugars in the drinks. The pure citrus juices showed potentially the worst dental properties, followed by the orange and blackcurrant concentrates after dilution to their ready-to-drink form, with least demineralisation from the carbonated drinks, and a cola drink giving especially low figures.

Carbonated Beverages↗