PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Anguish and despair in adolescents with eating disorders--helping to manage suicidal ideation and impulses.

Adolescents struggling against anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa often experience self-punishing thoughts and behaviors, including self-mutilation, and suicidal ideation and attempts. These arise out of the profound anguish and despair frequently experienced by these young people. This paper outlines four particularly salient clinical themes underlying this despair that have significant implications for treatment. A practice perspective is discussed which emphasizes empathic listening and the development of a strong therapeutic alliance with the adolescent. Treatment recommendations draw from narrative theory and practice, and from feminist perspectives. The paper also draws on cognitive therapy and on recent developments in the areas of spirituality and motivational enhancement. Involving the distressed adolescent's family is also addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

The relations of problem behavior status to children's negative emotionality, effortful control, and impulsivity: concurrent relations and prediction of change.

The relations of children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors to their concurrent regulation, impulsivity (reactive undercontrol), anger, sadness, and fearfulness and these aspects of functioning 2 years prior were examined. Parents and teachers completed measures of children's (N = 185; ages 6 through 9 years) adjustment, negative emotionality, regulation, and behavior control; behavioral measures of regulation also were obtained. In general, both internalizing and externalizing problems were associated with negative emotionality. Externalizers were low in effortful regulation and high in impulsivity, whereas internalizers, compared with nondisordered children, were low in impulsivity but not effortful control. Moreover, indices of negative emotionality, regulation, and impulsivity with the level of the same variables 2 years before controlled predicted stability versus change in problem behavior status.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

The role of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in the positive illusory bias.

The present study examined the relationships among gender, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and biases in perceptions of scholastic competence in children. Participants were 38 children with predominantly inattentive symptoms (IA), 59 children with predominantly hyperactive/impulsive symptoms or a combination of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention (HICB), and 83 control (CTL) children. HICB children overestimated their scholastic competence more than IA children when reading and math achievement scores were used as criteria and more than CTL children when math achievement and teacher perceptions of children's competence were used as criteria. IA children generally did not differ from CTL children with regard to estimations of competence. Regression analyses suggested that positive illusory self-perceptions are associated with more severe hyperactivity/impulsivity, but not more severe inattention.

Affect↗
PubMed2006

Sexual risk behaviors among substance users: relationship to impulsivity.

Recent research has suggested that trait impulsivity may predict sexual risk behavior. Few studies have examined this association directly in substance users at risk for HIV transmission. Participants were 330 primarily heroin and/or cocaine users who underwent a structured interview regarding their drug use, sexual behaviors, and impulsivity. Results from an iteratively reweighted least squares regression analysis indicate that impulsivity remained a statistically significant predictor of sexual risk after adjusting for the effects of demographic variables and substance use frequency (b=.179, p < .01). Frequency of cocaine use (b=.186, p < .01) was also significantly associated with sexual risk. These findings suggest that trait impulsivity may be an independent risk factor for sexual risk behavior among substance users, thus identifying potential targets for future interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Borderline personality traits in hysterical neurosis.

The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the traits of the psychopathology of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) compared with hysterical neurosis. A total of 48 subjects with BPD and 40 subjects with hysterical neurosis both defined by DSM-III-R were assessed by Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB). Statistical analysis was done by quantification of the second type, a multivariate data analysis. The total scores of DIB were BPD group, 6.13 +/- 1.52; hysterical neurosis group, 4.9 +/- 2.12 (t = 3.05, P = 0.0016). The correlation ratio (index of to what extent the two groups are discriminated) was 0.2442. Among the four parameters of: (i) affect, (ii) cognition, (iii) impulse-action pattern, (iv), and interpersonal relationships, the partial coefficient correlations of (iii) and (iv) were significantly high (0.342, 0.287, P < 0.01). The question items with high independent coefficients were manipulation (0.4416), intolerance of aloneness (0.3797), demanding nature (0.3768), self-mutilation (0.3609), visual hallucination (0.3395). Those with low score of independent coefficients were counterdependency (0.0533), identity disturbance (0.1010), depression (0.1551), loneliness (0.1752), hypomanic episode (0.1936). Both of BPD and hysterical neurosis groups were not so fairly well discriminated. However, these results suggested that impulse-action pattern and disorder of interpersonal relationships were traits of borderline personality disorder. We could admit manipulation, intolerance of aloneness as its symptoms. In addition, counterdependency, identity disturbance were comparatively common to both. There were some borderline personality traits symptomatically in hysterical neurosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term changes in borderline symptoms of patients after client-centered group psychotherapy].

In a follow-up study the long-term changes of borderline symptomatic of 14 patients with the diagnosis borderline personality disorder (criteria by Kernberg and Rorschach test) are compared with 13 patients with diagnosis schizophrenia and 16 patients with diagnosis depression (each case according to ICD-9 criteria). The Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients (DIB) is evaluated to comprehend the structure and kinds of borderline symptoms before and 4 years after treatment. Borderline patients are treated in a setting of client-centred group psychotherapy (twice a week, approximately 100 sessions). The treatment of the patients joining the control group is based on clinical standard. As a result all patients reduced the borderline-like symptoms. However, the most significant changes can be seen in the borderline group. 2 out of 14 borderline patients still fulfill the DIB Criteria of borderline personality disorder. Nevertheless, there are differences in the reduction of specific categories of borderline symptoms. The greatest changes are in the categories "loss of impulse control" and "psychotic episodes", whereas there are only slight improvements in the category "interpersonal relationships".

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Personality disorders and "psychopathy" in sex offenders imprisoned in forensic-psychiatric hospitals--SKID-II- and PCL-R-results in patients with impulse control disorder and paraphilia].

In order to clarify differential-diagnostic questions 47 mentally ill sex offenders (with impulse control disorder and paraphilia) were assessed with regard to comorbidity of personality disorders and "psychopathy". For this examination the SKID-II for personality disorders and the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) were used. 72 % of the sex offenders showed at least one personality disorder. The highest prevalence was found for cluster-B disorders, first of all the antisocial personality disorder. Using a PCL-R cut off score of 25 (for Europe) 10 of the 47 subjects (21 %) were diagnosed as "psychopaths", whereas being a "psychopath" is associated with a number of different personality disorders. The importance of structured diagnostic with regard to comorbidity of personality disorders in sex offenders imprisoned in maximum security psychiatric hospitals is stressed, and furthermore there is evidence that the PCL-R is a valid instrument for prognosis, but not a psychological-psychiatric instrument for the assessment of personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Psychological impact of the new digital media].

This review article starts from the hypothesis that the new digital media's impact on people's mental health, which in professional and private everyday life has become increasingly frequent and intense, is widely underestimated. The disturbances associated with media exposure, which have been already described and examined, are presented and discussed, while classifying them in three groups of disorders, namely dissocial, dissociative and impulse control disorders. In a second step, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric applications of the digital media are presented, especially, psychometric and neuropsychological testing, distribution of information and behavioral therapeutic tools. The positive and negative effects of the internet and cyberspace are applied to the multicausal understanding of the genesis and therapy of mental disturbances. Against this background, the opinion is held, that the paradigmatic medialization of the world has to be taken seriously and actively approached as a psycho-ecological factor with psychosocial, psychopathogenic and also neuroplastic effects. Therefore, also a psychiatric approach is needed to establish both research on media-associated disorders including their therapy and the development of quality standards in the therapeutic use of the Internet and Cyberspace.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2004

[Notes concerning the uncritical handling of the diagnosis "Kleptomania"].

The diagnosis kleptomania is based on diagnostic criteria which describe a particular distinctive behaviour. Both the DSM-IV and the WHO-ICD10 neglect the different etiologic possibilities. The high co-morbidity of kleptomania with other mental disorders is another problem. The assessment of legal responsibility should not only focus on the analysis of the stealing act, but has to consider potential associated psychopathology. It appears insufficient to describe complex organic disorders (for example a dementia) with the term kleptomania. However, the forensic relevance of kleptomania, which seems to be very rare, is a result of symptom progression, decreasing satisfaction and feelings of shame or distress.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1998

Sustained attention and impulsivity in children with Tourette syndrome: comorbidity and confounds.

We sought to determine whether Tourette syndrome (TS) was related to attentional disturbance independent of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), two comorbid conditions associated with attentional problems in other populations. Participants were 74 children [21 with uncomplicated TS (TS-Only), 14 with TS and ADHD (TS-ADHD), 21 with ADHD, and 18 controls]. Impaired sustained attention and impulsivity on a Continuous Performance Task were uncommon in the TS-Only group, but common in TS-ADHD and ADHD. The TS-ADHD group was less impulsive than the ADHD group, but had a higher rate of whole-body tics than the TS-Only group, raising questions about the diagnosis of ADHD in TS. OCS was not an independent risk factor for attention problems. However, the association of tic severity and impulsivity was consistent with the theory that TS involves dysfunction in cortical-subcortical circuits mediating behavioral inhibition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Childhood cruelty to animals, firesetting, and enuresis as correlates of competence to stand trial.

The present study investigated the incidence of the childhood symptoms of cruelty to animals, firesetting , and enuresis in the case reports of 1935 offenders evaluated at a court psychiatric clinic. The presence of all or part of this triad of symptoms was more common in those found competent to stand trial than in those found incompetent. However, no association was found between the presence of the triad of symptoms in those charged with violent crimes and those charged with nonviolent crimes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Differential psychotherapy outcome among depressed and impulsive patients as a function of analytic and experiential treatment procedures.

Assessment of five psychotherapy procedures, broadly representing experiential and analytical orientations, was undertaken with two groups of clinic outpatients. The patient groups were similar in the length of treatment received, degree of psychological disturbance present, and the frequency with which they were exposed to each of the treatment procedures. Both therapist and external raters assessed the patients' improvement on target symptoms and global change measures at the conclusion of treatment. The results suggest a clear superiority of experiential treatment procedures across patient groups. However, analytic treatments achieved their greatest effect among depressive anxious patients and their least effect among impulsive externalizing patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Inhibition and object relations in borderline personality traits after traumatic brain injury.

This study aims to assess the nature and severity of borderline traits after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thirty subjects with moderate or severe TBI were compared to 30 normal controls on the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R), a dimensional measure of borderline traits, the Go-no go inhibition task, the Complexity of Representations of People and Affect-Tone Relationships Paradigms, two scales from the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) evaluating the quality of object relations, an estimation of pre-morbid borderline severity, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and various neuropsychological measures. Results indicate that TBIs present more borderline symptoms and traits than controls. However, the severity of borderline symptomatology remains comparatively low for the vast majority. As expected, the TBI group showed a poorer performance on the Go-no go task, a characteristic neuropsychological inhibition deficit. Yet, both samples present similar profiles on the SCORS. Finally, the DIB-R was correlated with the Affect-Tone scale, the BDI and with the pre-morbid severity estimation. Results suggest that post-TBI borderline traits remain rare and relate more to the affective quality of object relations, negative affects and pre-morbid borderline pathology than inhibition deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The relationship of behavioural undercontrol to alcoholism in higher-functioning adults.

Externalising behaviours, including the personality characteristics of behavioural undercontrol (BU), represent one of several genetically influenced domains that impact on the alcoholism risk. Because genes explain only about 60% of the vulnerability toward alcohol use disorders (AUDs), an optimal understanding of how such behaviours affect the risk requires evaluation of their impact in the context of additional influences. Few studies have addressed this question regarding BU among relatively well-functioning adults. This paper presents results from testing a BU-based mediational model of risk in men from the San Diego Prospective Study. Structured research instruments were used with 430 adult Caucasian males to evaluate the performance of BU in predicting AUDs at the 15-year follow-up using Pearson product - moment correlations among domains and an AMOS-based structural equation model (SEM). While both the family history of AUDs (FHalc) and BU predicted alcohol-related outcome, BU by itself did not mediate the relationship of the FH to alcohol disorders. The impact of BU on alcohol problems was mediated by alcohol expectancies, peer drinking and by coping. The SEM explained 42% of the variance for AUDs. The current results indicate that BU contributed to the risk for alcohol-related problems, even among more highly functional subjects and after excluding the impact of the antisocial personality disorder, but by itself did not mediate the relationship of FH to outcome in these subjects.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impulse control disorders: clinical characteristics and pharmacological management.

This article reviews the current knowledge of the clinical characteristics and pharmacological management of pathological gambling, kleptomania, and compulsive buying. Specifically, the article summarizes the phenomenology and associated psychopathology of these disorders and presents study results of the various pharmacological agents used to treat these disorders--serotonin reuptake inhibitors, opioid antagonists, mood stabilizers, and atypical antipsychotics.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco use and pathological gambling.

BACKGROUND: Evidence supports phenomenological, clinical, epidemiological and biological links between problem/pathological gambling and tobacco use. An improved understanding of the relationship would be helpful in treating individuals with co-occurring pathological gambling and nicotine dependence. METHODS: This study investigates the tobacco use behaviors of 225 adults (mean age +/- SD = 47.3 +/- 11.0 years; number of women = 120 [53.3%]) who were recruited for pharmacological treatment of pathological gambling. All subjects met criteria for pathological gambling based upon the Structured Clinical Interview for Pathological Gambling (SCI-PG), a DSM-IV-based diagnostic interview, and were assessed at baseline with multiple reliable and valid measures of gambling severity. RESULTS: 159 (70.7%) subjects were either current (n = 110; 48.9%) or prior daily smokers (n = 49; 21.8%). Compared with the group of never smokers, the group of current and prior daily smokers was more likely to be older (F = 3.55; df = 2, 222; p = 0.030), be female (chi square = 10.85; df = 2; p = 0.004), and have stronger urges to gamble (F = 128.15; df = 2,222; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Daily tobacco use in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers is common and associated with more severe urges to gamble. Treatments targeting urges in individuals with pathological gambling and current or prior daily tobacco use should be examined.

Adolescent↗