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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

A prospective, randomized trial of endoscopic hemoclip placement and distilled water injection for treatment of high-risk bleeding ulcers.

BACKGROUND: Although endoscopic hemoclip therapy is widely used in the treatment of GI bleeding, there are few prospective trials that assess its efficacy. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of hemoclip placement and distilled water injection for the treatment of high-risk bleeding ulcers. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients with major stigmata of ulcer hemorrhage were randomly assigned to either endoscopic hemoclip placement (n = 39) or injection with distilled water (n = 40). RESULTS: Initial hemostasis was achieved in all patients treated with hemoclips and 39 treated by distilled water injection (respectively, 100.0% vs. 97.5%; p = 1.00). Bleeding recurred in 4 and 11 of patients, respectively, in the hemoclip and water injection groups. It occurred significantly more frequently in the injection group (hemoclip, 10.3%; injection, 28.2%; p = 0.04). No major procedure-related complication occurred in either group. Emergency operations were performed in 5.1% of patients treated with hemoclips versus 12.5% of those in the water injection group (p = 0.43). Hospital days and mortality rate were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic hemoclip placement is a safe and effective hemostatic method that is superior to distilled water injection for treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer.

Female↗

PubMed1985

Evaluation of the sweep co-distillation cleanup technique for the determination of environmental contaminants in human adipose tissue.

Beef and pork fat, corn, peanut, rapeseed and paraffin oils, as well as vegetable shortening were used to investigate their suitability as fortification media for environmental chemicals in the evaluation of the sweep co-distillation technique. The animal fats produced considerable gas chromatographic background interference, while the oils were partly carried over during the sweep co-distillation process, except for rapeseed and peanut oil. Residue free rapeseed oil was fortified with 26 environmental chemicals in several groups at 20 and 200 ng/g of oil. Recoveries for most compounds were greater than 80% with a coefficient of variation of less than or equal to 10. At the 20 ppb fortification level, recoveries for Aroclor 1260, Mirex and pentachlorobenzene were only 70-80%. A similar low recovery was observed for p,p'-DDT, Mirex, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, while at the 200 ppb level, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was only 33% recovered. The sweep co-distillation technique was further evaluated by using rendered human fat and the same fat diluted with residue free peanut oil. Residue levels in diluted and non-diluted fat were in good agreement, except for hexachlorobenzene. These residue levels were further compared with those obtained by two other cleanup procedures: Florisil-silicic acid column chromatography and low temperature precipitation. In general the sweep co-distillation technique compared favourably with these other cleanup procedures. There was evidence, however, that p,p'-DDT broke down into p,p'-TDE and varying operating procedures did not completely remedy this situation.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2002

Removal of arsenic from groundwater using point-of-use reverse osmosis and distilling devices.

Ground water in both the northeastern and southwestern coast areas of Taiwan may contain high concentrations of arsenic. Since no central water supply system is available in some of those areas, point-of-use (POU) water purification devices are considered as an option for providing safe drinking water. In this study, removal of arsenic, using two types of POU purification devices, reverse osmosis (RO) systems and distillers, was investigated. Three commercially available RO systems and two distillers were selected to test their removal efficiency of arsenic from synthetic and real ground water. Experimental results of the three RO systems using synthetic ground water showed that only one system had good removal efficiency for arsenic. In subsequent experiments using real ground water with 0.7 mg l(-1) arsenic, only one RO system was able to meet the drinking water standard after producing about 1,000 l of treated water. For the distilling systems, 99% of the arsenic was removed from both synthetic and real groundwater. The arsenic concentrations in the finished water of both distillers were all below the standard for drinking water. Although systems with higher arsenic removal efficiency seemed to have better removal of total dissolved solids (TDS), no correlation could be found after analysis.

Arsenic↗

PubMed2000

Distillation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states by selective information manipulation.

Methods for distilling Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states from arbitrary entangled tripartite pure states are described. These techniques work for virtually any input state. Each technique has two stages which we call primary and secondary distillations. Primary distillation produces a GHZ state with some probability, so that when applied to an ensemble of systems a certain percentage is discarded. Secondary distillation produces further GHZs from the discarded systems. These protocols are developed with the help of an approach to quantum information theory based on absolutely selective information, which has other potential applications.

Information Theory↗

PubMed2003

Tomographic quantum cryptography: equivalence of quantum and classical key distillation.

The security of a cryptographic key that is generated by communication through a noisy quantum channel relies on the ability to distill a shorter secure key sequence from a longer insecure one. For an important class of protocols, which exploit tomographically complete measurements on entangled pairs of any dimension, we show that the noise threshold for classical advantage distillation is identical with the threshold for quantum entanglement distillation. As a consequence, the two distillation procedures are equivalent: neither offers a security advantage over the other.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1974

Storage of stock cultures of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and some aerobic actinomycetes in sterile distilled water.

Castellani's procedure for maintaining cultures of filamentous fungi and yeasts in sterile distilled water was evaluated. Four hundred and seventeen isolates of 147 species belonging to 66 genera of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and aerobic actinomycetes were maintained in sterile distilled water at room temperature over periods ranging from 12 to 60 months in four independent experiments. Of the 417 cultures, 389 (93%) survived storage in sterile distilled water. The selection of good sporulating cultures and sufficient inoculum consisting of spores and hyphae suspended in sterile distilled water were the most important factors influencing survival in water over a longer period of time. The technique was found to be simple, inexpensive, and reliable.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed1967

Metabolic injury to bacteria. II. Metabolic injury induced by distilled water or Cu++ in the plating diluent.

When distilled water from a tin-lined still served as the plating diluent, cells of Aerobacter aerogenes developed symptoms of metabolic injury as evidenced by increased counts on supplemented, as compared with minimal, plating medium. Cysteine was as effective as yeast extract as a supplement to the minimal medium in increasing the viable count. Mg(++) and, to a lesser extent, phosphate buffer at the concentrations tested protected unfrozen cells, but not cells which had been frozen and stored, against the loss of capacity to grow on minimal medium. When the plating diluent consisted of distilled water redistilled in an all-glass still, the symptoms of metabolic injury did not appear. Spectrographic analysis revealed the presence of 10(-7)m Cu(++) in the distilled water, and Cu(++) added to redistilled water serving as the plating diluent reproduced the metabolic injury effects induced by distilled water. It was concluded that freezing and storage damaged the cell membrane, rendering it more penetrable by toxic elements which were thereby enabled to act at sites in the cell where Mg(++) and other solutes in the plating diluent could not serve as effective antagonists. Increased recovery of cells on supplemented medium could be ascribed to the capacity of the supplements to remove toxic elements which had become bound to the cells during suspension in the plating diluent.

Buffers↗

PubMed1989

The use of distilled water as an irrigating fluid in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate.

Thirty patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate using distilled water as an irrigating fluid were studied. There was no significant change in the serum concentration of the variables studied (preoperatively compared to postoperatively) as possible indicators of haemolysis or absorption of irrigating water such as sodium, potassium, albumin, total protein, creatinine, uric acid, urea, haemoglobin, haematocrit and haptoglobin. The mean value of plasma haemoglobin (P-Hb), observed immediately postoperatively and reflecting the magnitude of haemolysis, was delta 294.8 mg/l. There was a good correlation between P-Hb and the inflowing irrigating distilled water (r = 0.69). The P-Hb variation (delta) correlated with resection time and with the weight of the resected prostate (r = 0.54 and r = 0.52, respectively). A good correlation was also found between resection time and delta body weight which reflects the amount of water absorbed (r = 0.67) and between delta body weight and the inflowing irrigating water (r = 0.61). Our study shows that distilled water can be used as an irrigating fluid quite safely. The advantages of distilled water outweigh the disadvantages which can be avoided easily if proper attention is given.

Absorption↗

PubMed1986

Distilled water versus chemotherapeutic agents for transitional bladder carcinoma.

The effect of distilled water on exfoliated tumor cells from transitional bladder carcinoma was compared to the effect of chemotherapeutic agents dissolved in saline and in distilled water. The experiment was controlled by comparison to the effect of saline on cells under the same conditions. Distilled water proved as effective as chemotherapeutic agents in distilled water and more destructive than chemotherapeutic agents in saline within the 2-hour time limit of the experiment.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMed1991

Effect of distilled water and bacillus Calmette-Guérin on exfoliated bladder tumor cells.

The effect of distilled water on exfoliated tumor cells from transitional bladder carcinoma was compared to the effect of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG; a nonspecific immunotherapeutic agent) dissolved in either saline or distilled water. The experiment was controlled by comparison to the effect of saline on tumor cells under the same conditions. Distilled water proved as effective as BCG in distilled water (p less than 0.001) and much more destructive than BCG in saline within the 2-hour time limit of the experiment (p less than 0.001).

Administration, Intravesical↗

PubMed1983

Mechanism of cough and bronchoconstriction induced by distilled water aerosol.

We studied the relationship between cough and bronchoconstriction caused by inhaled distilled water aerosol in 8 subjects with asthma by measuring specific airways resistance (SRaw) and recording cough while subjects breathed serially increasing volumes of distilled water or normal saline aerosol produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer. We performed the distilled water dose-response curves after no treatment and after treatment with cromolyn aerosol, lidocaine aerosol, or atropine aerosol in doses of 0.2 mg and 2.0 mg on separate days. Without prior treatment, distilled water aerosol caused cough in 7 of 8 subjects and a marked increase in SRaw in every subject, whereas saline aerosol did not cause cough or a greater than 50% increase in SRaw in any subject. The 2 doses of atropine caused an equivalent reduction in baseline SRaw, but 2.0 mg caused greater inhibition of water-induced bronchoconstriction than did 0.2 mg. Neither dose of atropine inhibited cough. These data suggest that water-induced bronchoconstriction involves cholinergic nerves and that water-induced cough is not dependent on bronchoconstriction. Lidocaine inhibited cough but not bronchoconstriction, whereas cromolyn inhibited bronchoconstriction but not cough, suggesting that cromolyn does not inhibit bronchoconstriction by a generalized inhibition of airway afferent nerves.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Distill: a suite of web servers for the prediction of one-, two- and three-dimensional structural features of proteins.

BACKGROUND: We describe Distill, a suite of servers for the prediction of protein structural features: secondary structure; relative solvent accessibility; contact density; backbone structural motifs; residue contact maps at 6, 8 and 12 Angstrom; coarse protein topology. The servers are based on large-scale ensembles of recursive neural networks and trained on large, up-to-date, non-redundant subsets of the Protein Data Bank. Together with structural feature predictions, Distill includes a server for prediction of Calpha traces for short proteins (up to 200 amino acids). RESULTS: The servers are state-of-the-art, with secondary structure predicted correctly for nearly 80% of residues (currently the top performance on EVA), 2-class solvent accessibility nearly 80% correct, and contact maps exceeding 50% precision on the top non-diagonal contacts. A preliminary implementation of the predictor of protein Calpha traces featured among the top 20 Novel Fold predictors at the last CASP6 experiment as group Distill (ID 0348). The majority of the servers, including the Calpha trace predictor, now take into account homology information from the PDB, when available, resulting in greatly improved reliability. CONCLUSION: All predictions are freely available through a simple joint web interface and the results are returned by email. In a single submission the user can send protein sequences for a total of up to 32k residues to all or a selection of the servers. Distill is accessible at the address: http://distill.ucd.ie/distill/.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2006

[Production of antitumor substances from shochu distillation remnants].

This study aimed to develop a new processing method for the effective use of rice shochu distillation remnants. We examined the inhibitory effects on the growth of human lung carcinoma cells in the medium of rice shochu distillation remnants with various fungi. Interestingly, high inhibitory effects on the growth of human lung carcinoma cells in the medium of rice shochu distillation remnants with Aspergillus oryzae were obtained, although no inhibitory effect was observed in the case of synthetic medium. We therefore fractionated the medium of rice shochu distillation remnants with A. oryzae using anion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. Furthermore, we attempted to determine the chemical structure of compounds that showed high inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cells. The chemical structure of 1-hydroxy-6-(1-methylpropyl)-3-(2-methylproryl)-2(1H)-pyrazinone was revealed on the basis of liquid and gas mass spectroscopies. This compound should be completely safe based on toxic test results using model mice.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Molecular distillation process for recovering biodiesel and carotenoids from palm oil.

Carotenoids and biodiesel from palm oil were recovered through a process involving neutralization and transesterification of palm oil followed by molecular distillation of the esters. The concentrated obtained contains more than 30,000 ppm of carotenoids and the distillate contains above 95% of light-colored biodiesel. The experimental data were obtained from falling film and centrifugal molecular distillators. It can be seen that each one has its own characteristics, which are a function of the operating temperatures and of the tendency of the material thermal decomposition. These characteristics can determine the type of equipment to be used, since they have different operating conditions. The experimental results were compared to the ones from simulations using the mathematical modeling for the falling film and centrifugal distillators developed.

Biofilms↗

PubMed1984

Alcohol and aggression in men: a comparison of brewed and distilled beverages.

The effects of distilled and brewed alcoholic beverages on aggressive behavior were compared in a 2 x 2 factorial design with 16 subjects per cell (N = 64 men social drinkers). One-half of the sample population was told that they would be consuming an alcohol (distilled spirits) beverage and the other half that they would be consuming beer. Within each of these conditions, one-half of the subjects received the expected drug (alcohol) and one-half was given a corresponding placebo beverage. Aggression was measured using a modified version of the Buss aggression machine. Subjects who consumed beer or believed that they were consuming beer were significantly less aggressive than subjects who consumed distilled spirits or believed that they were consuming distilled spirits. Differences between subjects receiving the drug (alcohol) and the placebo were not significant.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Relation of intake to digestibility of diets containing soyhulls and distillers dried grains.

Fifty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used to compare the influence of intake on digestibility of three diets. All diets contained a 50:50 ratio (dry basis) of ammoniated corn silage and concentrate. The control concentrates consisted of corn, oats, and soybean meal. The two test concentrates contained either 43.8% soyhulls or 71.6% corn distillers dried grains with solubles. Each diet was fed at three intakes. Dry cows were fed one times maintenance intake, cows producing 10 to 20 kg milk daily were fed at twice maintenance, and cows producing 27 to 49 kg daily were fed ad libitum (four times maintenance). Digestibilities of DM for the control, distillers grains, and soyhull diets, respectively, were: for dry cows, 84.1, 66.6, and 78.8%; for medium producers, 76.6, 53.8, and 74.2% and for high producers, 60.5, 44.3, and 62.8%. At ad libitum intake, the DM, NDF, ADF, and CP digestibilities were lower for control than for the soyhulls diet. Discounts per unit of maintenance of 9.3, 11.2, and 6.8% were obtained for the control, distillers grains, and soyhull diets. These results confirm the generally accepted concept of energy discounts for grain-soybean meal diets, but discounts were higher than reported previously. Compared with the control diet soyhulls appears to lower, and distillers grains increase, the discount.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1993

Effectiveness of neutral detergent fiber in whole cottonseed and dried distillers grains compared with alfalfa haylage.

Sixteen Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the effect of replacing alfalfa NDF with NDF from whole, linted cottonseed or dried distillers grains. Low and high fiber control diets (13 and 19% of dietary DM from alfalfa haylage NDF, respectively) were compared with diets designed to contain 13% of DM from alfalfa haylage NDF plus 6% of DM from either cottonseed NDF or distillers grains NDF. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk protein yield were lower from the high fiber control diet. Milk fat percentage was lower for the low fiber control diet. The cottonseed diet was equal to the high fiber control diet in stimulating rumination. Rumen acetate to propionate ratio was higher for the high fiber control and cottonseed diets. Replacing alfalfa with either of these high fiber by-product feeds increased feed intake and yields of milk fat and protein. The effectiveness of the NDF in distillers grains and cottonseed was not significantly different from that of alfalfa NDF for maintaining milk fat yield. Whole cottonseed and dried distillers grains appear to be good sources of effective fiber for maintaining milk fat test when they are substituted for alfalfa haylage fiber in lactating cow rations.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[The golden panacea. Alchemy and distillation in the court of Philip II (1527-1598)].

This study analyzes the relationships between Philip II and the two main goals of Alchemy: obtaining or forging alchemical gold, and preparing chemical drugs, liquors and perfumes. The first part of the study shows that throughout his reign Philip II maintained contacts with alchemists of several nationalities (Flemish, German, Italian, English and Spanish) in the Low Countries and Spain who were determined to obtain gold and silver. Their activities were overseen by high-level bureaucrats. Despite the disapproval of the Church and intense repression by the Holy Office, the alchemists had no difficulties during his reign, although their situation changed markedly after his death. In relation with distillation, Philip II ordered stills to be installed in all his gardens in Madrid, Aranjuez and the Escorial. He hired a corps of Flemish distillers who worked at all three sites in the preparation of chemical drugs, liquors and perfumes for the royal household. Their activities, and records conserved at the library of the Escorial, bear witness to a new route for the introduction of Paracelsism in Spain. Philip II organized the distillers' activities and brought them under the oversight of his apothecaries and protophysicians. The distillers' activities were later regulated by the by-laws fo the Royal Apothecary, inaugurated in 1594.

Alchemy↗