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Results for “ETHICS, PHARMACY”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Ethical attitudes of pharmacists: balancing practices and beliefs.

This study represents the responses of 377 pharmacists to a mail survey examining their beliefs concerning various business situations involving ethical issues. Several short vignettes involving ethical issues are presented and respondents were asked whether they agreed or not with the actions described in each. Conclusions and implications are outlined as are future research needs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

Legal and ethical issues in clinical pharmacy research--informed consent, Part I.

The continued growth of hospital and clinical pharmacy should be paralleled by the development of sound research methods justifying innovative practices. Such research will, on occasion, require experimentation involving human subjects. The principal means of assuring that the welfare of research participants is not compromised is through the procurement of effective informed consent. Pharmacists, like many other health professionals, have had relatively little exposure to methodology involved in the writing of an informed consent instrument. A comprehensive document must not only conform to the requirements of federal regulatory agencies, but must also satisfy various institutional guidelines. Past instances of unethical human experimentation are discussed, and a format for preparation of an informed consent instrument is examined. Circumstances requiring informed consent and identification of the basic elements of consent are also explained.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Medical pluralism in action? A case study of community pharmacies in Johannesburg, South Africa.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to examine whether, and to what extent, community pharmacies have become sites for the practice of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as an example of "medical pluralism." METHODS: Qualitative as well as quantitative methods such as a telephone survey of all pharmacies in Johannesburg, observations, and in-depth interviews with pharmacists and CAM healers were used. RESULTS: The evidence presented in this paper, although based on a study of community pharmacies in Johannesburg only, can be interpreted as an indication of a general trend in urban areas in South Africa, that of involvement with CAM in the form of dispensing and sales of CAM products, provision of advice, and, in a few cases, employment of CAM practitioners to consult on their premises. Thus the two systems of CAM and allopathic medicine are being practiced within the same premises. However, the manner in which they operate, as portrayed in this study, is that of two separate systems existing in relative harmony side-by-side. CONCLUSION: Because of the constraints of the study, it is difficult to ascertain to what extent this is a first step toward the development of a more meaningful integration between the systems. It is much easier to demonstrate that this growth is driven by the pharmacists' response to the growing demand from the public and their readiness to seize the opportunity to expand their responsibilities and increase their profits. This is supported by the willingness of CAM healers to participate in the endeavor.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

Legal and ethical issues in clinical pharmacy research--informed consent, Part II.

Preparation of an effective informed consent document presents significant problems to those investigators not familiar with federal and institutional requirements. This article examines a detailed format for preparation of an informed consent instrument. Prepared by the authors and supplied to potential clinical investigators by a university institutional review committee, the guidelines incorporate Department of Health, Education, and Welfare regulations. An example consent form is provided.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Dispensing with liberty: conscientious refusal and the "morning-after pill".

Citing grounds of conscience, pharmacists are increasingly refusing to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception, or the "morning-after pill." Whether correctly or not, these pharmacists believe that emergency contraception either constitutes the destruction of post-conception human life, or poses a significant risk of such destruction. We argue that the liberty of conscientious refusal grounds a strong moral claim, one that cannot be defeated solely by consideration of the interests of those seeking medication. We examine, and find lacking, five arguments for requiring pharmacists to fill prescriptions. However, we argue that in their professional context, pharmacists benefit from liberty restrictions on those seeking medication. What would otherwise amount to very strong claims can be defeated if they rest on some prior restriction of the liberty of others. We conclude that the issue of what policy should require pharmacists to do must be settled by way of a theory of second best. Asking "What is second best?" rather than "What is best?" offers a way to navigate the liberty restrictions that may be fixed obstacles to optimality.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-medication.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Advertising↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Future of emergency contraception lies in pharmacists' hands.

OBJECTIVE: To increase community pharmacists' awareness about issues related to the provision of emergency contraception (EC) to women by describing pharmacist outreach and training programs and discussing pharmacy access and stocking issues, California's EC Pharmacy Program, methods for raising pharmacists' awareness, and professional development opportunities. SUMMARY: EC is both safe and effective in reducing the risk of unintended pregnancy after unprotected intercourse, yet awareness of and demand for the medication has not been high, and it often is not stocked in pharmacies. Various advocacy organizations have engaged in educating the public and physicians about EC, but relatively little attention and few resources have been targeted to ensure that the pharmacy community is aware of and educated about EC. Increased visibility and access to EC in the several states that allow pharmacists to provide EC directly to women have resulted from the active participation and leadership of pharmacists. In these states, women are showing interest in and receptivity to reproductive health services provided by pharmacists. In California, some 3000 pharmacists statewide have completed training, and in 2004 they provided EC directly to approximately 175,000 women. Pharmacists who provide EC overwhelmingly (91%) report that they do so because they see it as an important community service, and many (57%) recognize the opportunity for professional development. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to improve access to EC, and leadership within the pharmacy community can facilitate efforts to improve access. Increased education and training of pharmacists about EC--such as continuing education programs available online at www.pharmacyaccess. learnsomething.com--are critical to ensure not only that EC is available in pharmacies but also that pharmacists are engaged in meeting the reproductive health needs of women. Increased access to EC can expand pharmacists' role in health care provision. State-specific information about EC pharmacy access initiatives is available on the Web at www.GO2EC.org.

California↗