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PubMed1984

[Psychological profile of patients with ischemic heart disease and its association with various exogenous risk factors].

Males with coronary heart disease (CHD) aged 35 to 60 years were studied. The patients were divided into three groups: 32 patients with angina of effort and at rest (test group I), 39 survivors of myocardial infarction (test group II) and 50 clinically healthy people (control group). The relationship was established between a certain behavioural complex of CHD patients and some exogenic risk factors. The study was aimed at elucidating the premorbid characteristics of the personality of CHD patients. Individuals with the variable type of orientation were predominant in both test groups. The data from Eisenk's questionnaire revealed the predominance of extraverts in group I and introverts in group II. It is suggested that the variable character may prove to be the premorbid, basic property of the personality determining the specific mechanism of psychologic adaptation and the entire complex of behavioural characteristics of CHD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Graphologists' assessment of extraversion compared with assessment by means of a psychological test.

The study investigated whether graphologists can infer extraversion from handwriting correctly. On the basis of three personality questionnaires, three persons (targets) were classified as extraverted and three as introverted. Ten graphologists independently analysed the handwriting of the targets and classified them as extraverted or introverted. Of the 60 (10 graphologists for 6 targets) classifications 58 were correct, which shows the graphologists assessed the classification of extraversion from handwriting. Graphologists agreed substantially on which characteristics of the handwriting were indicative for classification as extraversion or introversion. In each handwriting sample, however, both extraverted and introverted characteristics were present. Eventual classification may be based on the relative frequency of the two kinds of characteristics. Comparative studies like this one indicate that in research one should consider whether graphologists and psychologists share the same notion of extraversion.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Personality, psychopathology, and nicotine response as mediators of the genetics of smoking.

Individual differences in psychopathology, personality, and nicotine responsivity and their biological bases are evaluated as mechanisms potentially mediating smoking heritability. Smokers are more likely to be high in neurotic traits (e.g., depression, anxiety, anger) and in social alienation (psychoticism, impulsivity, unsocialized sensation-seeking, low conscientiousness, low agreeableness) and low in achievement/socioeconomic status. Psychological and biological mechanisms putatively mediating these associations are reviewed. It is concluded that a number of relatively indirect and complex processes, as well as more direct (e.g., self-medication for psychopathology, nicotine sensitivity), mediate the inheritance of smoking behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Five-year follow-up of cosmetic rhinoplasty.

The psychological impact of rhinoplasty for aesthetic reasons on psychological well-being is controversial. The aim of the present study is to assess short- and long-term psychological changes in patients who underwent rhinoplasty. Seventy-nine patients, without traumatic lesions, who presented for cosmetic surgery, completed the MPI scales for Neuroticism and Extroversion and the IPAT scale for Anxiety, 3 months before and 6 months and 5 years after surgery. Results showed a significant decrease of anxiety and neuroticism in both postoperative evaluations and an increase on the Extroversion scale only at the 6-month follow-up. Psychological distress persisted in most patients after the operation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Short-term outcome of rhinoplasty for medical or cosmetic indication.

Psychological effects of rhinoplastic operations were evaluated in male and female patients who had sought surgical correction because of psychological distress caused by the appearance of the nose or because of a medical referral to correct functional disorders. Seventy-two patients selected by gender and operation motivation were asked to fill out the MPI and the IPAT Anxiety scale 2-3 months before and 8 months after the operation. Results at follow-up highlighted a significant decrease of the mean Neuroticism and Anxiety scores and an increase in Extroversion scores in the group as a whole. The psychological benefits gained by the female patients were greater than those of the males. Patients whose motivation was exclusively aesthetic were, overall, more psychologically distressed than those with a functional motivation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Spinal cord injury and psychological response.

Psychological adjustment and psychopathological morbidity issues during rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury, have been documented in international literature. However, most authors are faced with methodological difficulties, and results are contradictory. In this prospective study, the first to be made in the Portuguese population, a sample of 65 patients being treated in a rehabilitation unit during the years of 1993, 1994 and 1995, was obtained. The authors study the type of psychological response, when it does occur, which personality traits point to less suffering, which coping mechanisms are used by the better adjusted patients and the differences between the scores of paraplegic and quadriplegic patients. Two assessments were made. The following assessment instruments were used: an anamnestic data questionnaire, the SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 1983), the EPI (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1984), the Coping Styles Evaluation Scale (Figueira, 1990). The second assessments were carried out with the SCL-90-R only. The findings indicate that psychopathological scores consistent with depression occurred in 60% of patients if we consider any evaluation. Sleep disturbances, suicide ideation and guilt occurred in the same proportion. In 33% of them, we found persistent depressive scores in the two assessments. The authors find a highly significant positive correlation between psychopathology and neuroticism. On the contrary, the extroversion dimensions of EPI seem to be a good prognosis predictive factor as far as the occurrence of psychopathology is concerned. No differences in the psychopathological response were found concerning the paraplegic-quadriplegic situation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Collage work characteristics and personality].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and characteristics in collage work. Seventy undergraduates filled the Yatabe-Guilford (YG) personality test and produced a piece of collage work. The YG personality types were not different in terms of collage work characteristics. However, emotional adaptation and introvert/extrovert scores were reflected in the number of cuttings used in the piece. General activity score was reflected in the number of vehicle pictures used. Those who used an eye picture had a tendency to be depressed and lacking in confidence. Those who used a "stone circle" picture tended to be more emotionally adapted and extroverted. The results suggested a possibility that personality traits were reflected in specific characteristics in collage work.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of transcranial electric stimulation on the adaptation state].

The influence of transcranial electrostimulation was studied in medical students considering their adaptation response type (training, activation, stress), reactivity level, psycho-physiological and vegetative status. The transcranial electrostimulation was effective in subjects with the adaptation response involving training and activation, and had no effect when stress was combined with vagotonic prevalence. The transcranial electrostimulation assists to improvement of the students' psycho-physiological indexes and to increase of their reactivity level.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Hostile personality characteristics of duodenal ulcer patients.

The aggression profile of patients with Duodenal Peptic Ulcer (DPU) (n = 39) was assessed by means of five self-rating scales (FAF 1, FAF 3, PDS-Extp, PDS-Intp, PDS-Dom) and was compared with a matched normal control group (n = 39) and a psychiatric outpatient sample (n = 67). The DPU group scored significantly higher than normal controls on aggressive excitability and extrapunitiveness (trend in the same direction for potential aggressions), and significantly lower than the psychiatric group on potential aggressions and intropunitiveness. Contrary to expectations, DPU patients did not differ from the other groups on dominance; in this dimension, however, the psychiatric group scored significantly lower than normals. The findings are discussed in the context of the available literature and it is suggested that intropunitiveness is drained off by the somatic symptom (DPU).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Armed conflict and trauma: a clinical study of Latin-American refugee children].

This exploratory research on psychic consequences of armed conflicts has been carried out in Montreal on 30 latin-americans, eight to 12 year-old refugees. The principal objective was to assert the importance of traumas intensity, accumulation and age of occurrence on the level and type of symptomatology (introversion-extroversion). Using two types of methodologies, clinical scales and in a more exploratory way, projective instruments to study the intra-psychic dynamic underlying the symptomatology observed. The children were classified according to trauma intensity and for this purpose, a trauma scale was defined with latin-american informants. ACHENBACH and DOMINIQUE clinical evaluation scales were applied to the measure of clinical symptomatology. These instruments were analysed as a function of the symptoms intensity and type. Among results, the accumulation and intensity of traumas were found to be in significant correlation with anxio-depressive symptoms, as reported by the children with interiorization symptoms in ACHENBACH. The predominance of interiorization is discussed. The analysis of the TAT, based on objective indicators, brought out a light frequency of violent themes in relations with the clinical symptomatology. This research indicates the relevance of projective instruments to the study of traumatic response.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Role of personality characteristics in coping behaviors.

The relations between coping behaviors and personality characteristics (introversion/extroversion) were examined in 176 Japanese female college students. Multiple regression analysis indicated that extrovertive individuals more often used not only seeking social support but also avoidance than did introvertive subjects. An implication for further research would be to analyze the interactions between personality influences and situational factors in coping behaviors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗