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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Abnormal eye movements in hyperkinetic children with learning disability.

Eye movements were studied in 29 school children aged 6--12 years diagnosed as having Hyperactivity (HA) with Learning Disabilities (LD) and compared to an age matched control group of 32 children. The children had to track a moving target on a metronome and a canopy, to maintain eye fixation on a stationary target and to read a standard reading material. Accuracy, nystagmoid, reversal and overshoot movements were observed, as well as head movements and blinks. Persistence and deviations were monitored during fixation; duration, accuracy, number of fixations and reversals were monitored during reading. The tracking accuracy and fixation persistence were significantly inferior in the HA-LD children as compared to the control group in most items. This correlated well with the inferior performance on the reading task. This study supports the hypothesis that children with MBD and learning disabilities have primary defects in the motor control of eye movements which contribute significantly to their reading difficulties.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

The studies of the attacks of abnormal eye movement in a case of infantile spasms.

We observed the attacks of nystagmus in a case of infantile spasms and carried out overnight sleep polygraphy. The following findings were obtained: (1) Awake time was prolonged to 56% of TIB, while sleep time was markedly shortened to 44% of TIB. Also REM sleep time was reduced to 20% of SPT and deep slow sleep (stage N3) was absent. (2) Attacks of nystagmus were observed only during wakefulness. At first, fast wave bursts appeared in the right occipital area, and were followed by left-upward deviations of eyeballs, and then the attacks of counterclockwise right-downward rotatory nystagmus. Also the fast wave bursts were succeeded by spreading of fast waves to adjacent areas. At the same time, EMG exhibited elevated muscle action potentials of mentalis and biceps femoris. During the attacks of nystagmus, there was alteration of respiratory movements. In NREM sleep, both fast wave bursts and the attacks of nystagmus were not observed. In REM sleep, the fast wave bursts and eye movements were observed but the attacks of nystagmus did not appear. During the fast wave bursts, alteration of respiratory movements were observed. From the results of this study, it was presumed that the brain lesions of this case were extended with severe degree of damage in the great parts of brain containing cerebral cortex and brain stem.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed2006

Post-embryonic remodelling of neurocranial elements: a comparative study of normal versus abnormal eye migration in a flatfish, the Atlantic halibut.

The process of eye migration in bilaterally symmetrical flatfish larvae starts with asymmetrical growth of the dorsomedial parts of the ethmoid plate together with the frontal bones, structures initially found in a symmetrical position between the eyes. The movement of these structures in the future ocular direction exerts a stretch on the fibroblasts in the connective tissue found between the moving structures and the eye that is to migrate. Secondarily, a dense cell population of fibroblasts ventral to the eye starts to proliferate, possibly cued by the pulling forces exerted by the eye. The increased growth ventral to the eye pushes the eye dorsally. Osteoblasts are deposited in the dense cell layer, forming the dermal part of the lateral ethmoid, and at full eye migration this will cover the area vacated by the migrated eye. When the migrating eye catches up with the previous migrated dermal bones, the frontals, these bones will be remodelled to accommodate the eye. Our findings suggest that a combination of extremely localized signals and more distant factors may impinge upon the outcome of the tissue remodelling. Early normal asymmetry of signalling factors may cascade on a series of events.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Conditional releasing of abnormal eye movements].

Some people are able to abduct and adduct just one of their eyes from maximum convergence position. Such a distribution of different tonus on both sides has a binocular-symmetric innervation pattern carried out on two chronological orders and a monocularasymmetric innervation pattern carried out on one chronological order. The latter is trainable. The voluntary nystagmus ist comparable to the muscle tremor (on coldness). It is mediated by the parasympathic-innervated reflex for near focussing. The relief of the brain stem automatism is a 'stigma degenerationis' and not trainable because it is a basic rhythm. An optokinetic nystagmus could be performed without stimulus by conditioned reflexes.

Conditioning, Classical↗
PubMed1992

The use of video in assessing and illustrating abnormal eye movements in young children.

Eye movement studies can be useful in neuro-ophthalmological investigations of infants and young children. In our laboratory we use a combination of an electro-oculogram and video to record eye movements. A composite video image is created consisting of an image of the electro-oculographic eye movement trace superimposed on an image of the patient's eyes and face. This permits the qualitative clinical appearance of the case to be illustrated simultaneously with the quantitative eye movement trace.

Electrooculography↗