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Results for “FLUORIDES, TOPICAL”

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PubMed1988

The role of 'CaF2-like' material in topical fluoridation of enamel in situ.

In this paper the role and importance of 'CaF2-like' material deposited on enamel (Fon) by means of an APF gel and the varnishes Duraphat and Fluor Protector are described and discussed. The amount of Fon, determined by KOH extraction, is a measure of the amount of CaF2-like material on the enamel surface. Fluoride in the enamel (Fin), determined by etching, is the amount of F- bound in the solid enamel. Fon and Fin data are presented after various F- treatments and after wearing enamel slabs in dentures for a period of 1 week. The results of this work show that if we compare the three fluoridating agents, APF gel, Duraphat varnish, and Fluor Protector varnish in situ, only Fluor Protector shows a measurable amount of Fon after 1 week. The amounts of Fon acquired by the enamel surface (one application) rank as APF gel approximately Duraphat much less than Fluor Protector. Most likely, Fon in situ leaches away through the pellicle, with an apparent diffusion coefficient of about 10(-6) cm2.sec-1. The Fin data show that after APF gel or Duraphat treatment a substantial amount of Fin leaches away during 1 week in situ; the Fin values of Fluor Protector do not change. The efficiency of the fluoridating agents is most likely determined by the application period and fluoride availability. For APF gel, Duraphat, and Fluor Protector about 5%, 1%, and 44% of the available fluoride participates in the fluoridation process. CaF2-like globules are known to precipitate after gel or varnish treatment on the enamel surfaces and can be dissolved in KOH solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMed1995

The effect of topical fluorides on cast glass restorations.

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Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed1995

Topical fluoride and glass ionomer microhardness.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of topical fluoride gels on the microhardness of three glass ionomer cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylinders of Ketac-Silver, Photac-Fil, and Fuji II LC were fabricated, stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours, and exposed to a neutral sodium fluoride gel (Karigel-N), and acidulated orthophosphoric acid gel (Karigel), and a stannous fluoride gel (Omni) at 37 degrees C for 36 hours. Knoop hardness was then recorded. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P<0.01) between groups related to material and treatment Ketac-Silver did not demonstrate significant differences in hardness, whereas exposure to APF decreased the Knoop hardness of Fuji II LC and Photac-Fil.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of 1- and 4-minute treatments of topical fluorides on a composite resin.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of a 1-min immersion and of 4-min immersions in an acidulated phosphate fluoride (1.23% APF) foam, a 1.23% APF gel, a 2.0% sodium fluoride (NaF) gel, and water on surface topography and on weight of a composite resin (APH). Forty composite resin specimens were placed into eight groups (N = 5 each). For each treatment, a group of specimens was immersed for either 1 or 4 min (four 1-min immersions). Specimens were weighed before and after each immersion. The surface topography of two scanning electron micrographs of each specimen was scored visually by two investigators. Inter-rater reliability was r = 0.75 (intraclass correlation coefficient). There were no significant differences in the mean visual scores or weight among the 1-min immersion groups. Significantly greater surface changes and weight loss of this composite resin occurred following 4-min immersions in either 1.23% APF foam or gel as compared with those immersed in either 2.0% NaF gel or water (P 0.0001; one-way ANOVA, Tukey's Studentized Range Test).

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed1984

Topical fluoride application and lesion progression in vitro.

The objectives of this investigation were to study the effects of topical fluoride application on white spot enamel and the effect that this application would have on a second acid exposure (lesion progression). Artificial white spot lesions of approximately 200 micron were created with an acidified gel technique, central control sections were removed, and the remaining tooth halves were randomly paired, with one half serving as an untreated control while the other received a single four-minute application of 1.23% (w/v) fluoride solution of either NH4F, Na2SnF6, APF, or TiF4. Both tooth halves were sectioned following progression and examined with polarized light microscopy. Lesion depth, internal pore volume, and presence, size and shape of dark zones were determined. The considerable variation among progressed lesions revealed no significant benefit from any topical fluoride treatment.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed1985

The effect of topical fluoride treatment on enamel fluoride uptake and the tensile bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin.

Enamel demineralization occurring adjacent to directly bonded orthodontic attachments is of great concern to orthodontists. The topical application of fluorides to enamel surfaces before acid etching and the bonding of the attachments is not recommended by many investigators. The objective of this study was to determine the enamel fluoride acquired from various topical fluoride agents and to determine the effect of the acquired fluoride on the tensile bond strength of an orthodontic bonding system. Fifty extracted maxillary central incisors were mounted in cups and the facial surfaces of the crowns were polished on 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Enamel microbiopsies were performed just off the midpoint of each tooth. Ten teeth served as controls and received no topical fluoride treatment, while a similar number were treated with either APF, SnF2, Duraphat, or Fluor Protector. The teeth were suspended in synthetic saliva 4 minutes after fluoride application. The topical fluoride agents were removed after 24 hours and the teeth were again suspended in synthetic saliva at 37 degrees C for 7 days. Enamel biopsies were again performed just off the midpoint of each tooth on the side not previously biopsied. The enamel surfaces were etched for 1 minute and the tensile bond strength of Concise orthodontic bonding system to the etched enamel surfaces was determined. The enamel surfaces acquired significantly different amounts of fluoride from the topical fluoride agents, but the bond strengths to these surfaces were not significantly different. The results of this in vitro study suggest that the application of topical fluoride agents to enamel surfaces 7 days before the bonding of orthodontic attachments will not have an adverse effect on bond strength.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A scanning electron microscopic study of enamel surfaces treated with topical fluoride agents in vivo.

The morphological appearance of human enamel treated with topical fluoride (F) agents was studied. Maxillary acrylic appliances carrying the enamel sections were worn for 24 h following 5-min application of neutral NaF gel-drops, APF gel and Duraphat varnish. All F treatment induced surface coatings composed of globules, suggestive of CaF2. The sizes of the globules varied according to the F agents and, in general, were less than 1 micron in diameter. The globules formed following neutral NaF gel-drops and APF were spherical; while those produced by Duraphat were flattened, forming a sheet-like deposit. Irregular masses of organic-like material were seen on F- untreated enamel, which were exposed to the oral environment for 24 h (controls). The prolonged retention of a F-rich surface coating may act as a reservoir of F supplement to the enamel microenvironment, which thus contributes to remineralization.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed2002

Effects of topical fluoride agents on artificial enamel lesion formation in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of topical fluoride agents on enamel erosion in vitro. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Ten premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were sectioned buccolingually and then longitudinally into two parts, so that four specimens were obtained from each tooth. The specimens were randomly assigned to one of four groups. The following topical fluoride agents were applied to the specimens: 1% titanium tetrafluoride (0.32 MF) for 1 minute; Duraphat (2.26% F) and Elmex (1.25% F) for 4 minutes. In the control group, no solution was applied. The specimens were treated with an artificial caries solution for 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. Calcium (Ca++) concentration was determined by an atomic absorbtion spectrophotometer, while fluoride (F-) concentration was determined with an ion-selective electrode. One-way analysis of variance tests were performed on cumulative concentrations of calcium and fluoride at days 4, 8, 12, and 16. RESULTS: Specimens treated with titanium tetrafluoride lost significantly less calcium than did specimens in the other two test groups at all time periods. Titanium tetrafluoride-treated specimens released significantly less fluoride than did Duraphat- or Elmex-treated specimens at day 16. CONCLUSION: Titanium tetrafluoride was found to be more effective than the other fluoride agents in preventing artificial enamel lesion formation.

Acetates↗

PubMed1992

The effects of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the degradation of the elastic properties of orthodontic chains.

The effect of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the force relaxation and change in force delivery by three brands of elastomeric chains over a 4 week period was studied. The effect of storage in air and in the different test media on the distraction to achieve forces of 150g and 300g was determined for the chains. The effect of the test media on load relaxation of the chains was also examined. Elastomeric chains exhibit good elastic behavior when distracted to an initial force of less than 300g. When forces exceeded 300g, permanent deformation occurred and the force delivery was less predictable. Exposure to artificial saliva and topical fluoride affected the elastic properties of the elastomeric chains and increased the distraction required to deliver both the 150g and 300g force. The increase in distraction for a force of 150g, however, was relatively small and probably insignificant in the clinical setting. The distraction required to produce 300g was significantly larger and appeared to be clinically significant. Pre-stretching the elastomeric chains by 100% of their initial length was not found to be advantageous in terms of the load relaxation behavior. There was less load relaxation found in chains that were immersed in distilled water and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride than in chains exposed only to air.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed2005