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Results for “Feeding Behavior”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Effect of maternal separation on feeding behavior of rats in later life.

Effects of maternal separation on feeding behavior, particularly on rebound hyperphagia, in adult rats were examined. Time-restricted scheduled feeding (2 h per day for 6 days), was given at the age of 3, 6, 9 or 12 weeks in rats that were maternal separated from postnatal days (PD) 1-21 and control rats. Following the time-restricted scheduled feeding, rats were fed freely for 24 h (rebound hyperphagia). Body weight, daily normal food consumption and food consumption during time-restricted scheduled feeding and rebound hyperphagia were measured. Body weight of 3-week-old maternally separated rats were less than those of control rats. There was no significant difference in normal daily food consumption. Food consumption during rebound hyperphagia was significantly increased in 6- to 9-week-old female maternally separated rats, but there was no difference observed in males. Postnatal maternal separation enhanced rebound hyperphagia of female rats in later life. These results indicate that postnatal maternal separation made rats more vulnerable to the development of abnormal feeding behavior in response to food restriction in later life.

Aging↗

PubMed1976

Generation and compensation of the cancer cachectic process by spontaneous modification of feeding behavior.

Daily food intake and corresponding feeding activity (measured as duration) and feeding efficiency (amount of food ingested per unit of feeding activity) were measured both in normal Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo rats and during growth of Walker 256 and 4M mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats and of Morris 5123 hepatoma in Buffalo rats. Estimates of meal size and frequency were also obtained. Growth of the carcinomas produced a decline in feeding activity accompanied, early in tumor growth, by a compensatory increase in feeding efficiency with no resultant effect on food intake. This compensated decline in feeding activity was due to reduction in average meal duration. Later, meal frequency was also reduced, with further reduction in feeding activity and reduction in food intake. There was little change in average meal size. The hepatoma produced a different detailed pattern of effect on feeding behavior. These effects are not nonspecific reactions to foreign tissue. The effects imply behavioral compensation for the breakdown of a rapidly responding physiological control of food intake and can be interpreted in terms of successive impairment of feeding control mechanisms that have different response rates and different behavioral modes.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Daphnia magna feeding behavior after exposure to tetradifon and recovery from intoxication.

The feeding behavior of the cladocera Daphnia magna subjected to a short-term exposure to the acaricide tetradifon (4-chlorophenyl 2,4, 5-trichlorophenyl sulfone) was studied. The experiments were performed using the unicellular algae Nannochloris oculata at a density of 5x10(5) cells/ml as food for the organisms. In a first experiment, three generations (F0, F1, and F3) of the daphnids were exposed to sublethal levels of tetradifon (0.1, 0.18, 0.22, and 0.44 mg/l) and the effect of the toxicant on filtration and ingestion rates was determined. Rates of filtration and ingestion of D. magna declined in the three generations studied with increasing toxicant concentrations; however, toxicant effect was greater in daphnids from generations F1 and F3 than in those from the parental generation F0. A second experiment was conducted in order to evaluate whether animals of a first (1) or third (F3) generation coming from parental daphnids (F0) previously exposed to those pesticide concentrations exhibited any alteration in feeding behavior when transferred to clean water (recovery period). The results indicated that the feeding rates of D. magna generations F1 and F3 were still affected during the recovery period but to a less degree. The effective tetradifon concentrations D. magna at which feeding rates were reduced to 50% that of controls (EC(50)) were also calculated.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Roles of orexins and orexin receptors in central regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.

Orexins were initially recognized as regulators of feeding behavior due to their exclusively production in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), a feeding center. Subsequently, the finding that orexin deficiency causes narcolepsy in humans and animals suggested that these hypothalamic neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating and maintaining sleep/wakefulness states. Proper maintenance of arousal during food searching and intake is essential for an animal's survival. Therefore, feeding behavior and sleep/wakefulness states are appropriately coordinated. For example, when faced with reduced food availability, animals adapt with a longer wakefulness period, which disrupts the normal circadian pattern of activity. The discovery that orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin and glucose, suggests that they might have important roles as a link between energy homeostasis and sleep/wakefulness states. Recent studies on afferent (input) systems of orexin neurons further suggest roles of orexin and orexin receptors in the coordination of feeding, arousal and emotion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

[Peripheral control of the feeding behavior of fresh water mollusks].

Appetitive and consummatory feeding behavior was shown to be initiated by stimulation of different loci. Feeding programs were different in their motor output frequency in P. corneus and L. stagnalis stagnalis. The maintenance of the feeding program was provided by sensory input. In contrast to the insect flight generator, the feeding neuronal program had no peripheral regulation system in freshwater snails, its feeding program being more autonomic from peripheral influences than the flight motor program in insects.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effects of peripheral administration of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta on feeding behavior of the rat.

This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in feeding behavior, including ambulatory activity, induced by a single injection of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) (2 micrograms/rat) at 18:00, just before the dark phase. For this purpose, we used the Gunma University-type automatic apparatus for continuous and direct measurement of ambulation and drinking. A significant decrease in food intake was observed for 12 hours after treatment with IL-1. Peripheral administration of IL-1 also produced a marked decrease in ambulatory activity within 3 hours which continued for 6 hours. In addition, IL-1 produced a marked decrease in drinking behavior during the first 6 hours. We reported here the changes in consummatory and ambulatory behavior of rats after acute administration of IL-1. The sickness which IL-1 produced may, at least in part, contribute to these phenomena, although precise mechanisms are still unknown.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Effects of age on feeding behavior and chemosensory processing in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis.

This study used behavioral and electrophysiological techniques to examine age-related changes in the feeding behavior and chemosensory processing in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Increasing age was associated with a 50% decrease in long-term food consumption. Analysis of short-term sucrose-evoked feeding bouts showed an age-related increase in the number of animals that failed to respond to the stimulus. Of the animals that did respond increasing age was associated with a decrease in the number of sucrose-evoked bites and a increase in the duration of the swallow phase. These changes were observed with both 0.01 and 0.05M sucrose stimuli but were not seen when 0.1M sucrose was used as the stimulus. Electrophysiological analysis of the chemosensory pathway in semi-intact lip-CNS preparations failed to demonstrate a significant change in the neuronal information entering the cerebral ganglia from the lips via the median lip nerve, but did demonstrate an age-related deficit in the neuronal output from the cerebral ganglia. This deficit was also dependent on the sucrose concentration and mirrored the concentration-dependent changes in feeding behavior. In summary, aging appeared to affect central but not peripheral processing of chemosensory information and suggests that this deficit contributes to the age-related changes in feeding behavior.

Aging↗

PubMed1995

Feeding behavior and management factors during the transition period in dairy cattle.

Little research has focused specifically on the relationships among feeding behavior, management strategy, and optimal intake by the transition cow. Most information must be extrapolated from studies of cattle at other stages of lactation. The transition period can be divided into two distinct phases: 5 to 7 d prepartum, characterized by a 30% reduction in DMI, and 0 to 21 d postpartum, during which time intake should increase rapidly. Feed restriction can reduce number of daily meals by 50%, but when feed is offered for ad libitum consumption, with consistent time of feeding, access can be limited to 8 h daily with no adverse effects on performance of midlactation cows. Sequence of offering feeds may affect intake, but relative degradabilities of dietary protein and starch need to be considered. During early lactation, increased feeding frequency of a total mixed diet may most improve intake when dietary fermentability is moderate to high and management quality is poor. High-producing dairy cows achieve greater intake by increasing meal size and spending less time eating and ruminating per unit of intake. Control of feed intake and meal patterns may differ by parity and should be considered when grouping cattle. Daily exercise of tied dairy cows may not affect intake. Grouping strategy and group feeding behavior influence cow productivity and profitability. Competition for feed and space can be reduced by fenceline feeding vs bunks. Optimum intake during the transition period will occur only if feeding management accommodates normal feeding behavior of dairy cows.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Feeding behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area in the rat: role of the adrenergic pathways and receptors.

To study the role played by neurotransmitters and their receptor mechanisms in the control of feeding behavior elicited by electrical stimulation, drugs that affect neurotransmission were injected via cannula electrodes into the lateral hypothalamic area. Pretreatment with noradrenaline (0.5 and 1.0 nmol) significantly increased the effect of hypothalamic stimulation on feeding, whereas injection of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 nmol of adrenaline or dopamine was ineffective. Phentolamine (40.0, 80.0 and 100.0 nmol) and propranolol (40.0, 80.0 and 120.0 nmol) induced a decrease in food intake, suggesting the involvement of both alpha and beta receptors in this mechanism. However, isoprenaline (20.0 nmol) also reduced food intake. Reduction of food intake by propranolol was probably related to the action of the local anesthetic. Alphamethyl-p-tyrosine (203.0 nmol), reserpine (32.8 nmol) and 6-hydroxydopamine (200.0 nmol) inhibited the feeding behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area. These results suggest that electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area elicits feeding behavior by releasing noradrenaline. Alpha-adrenergic receptors seem to play a facilitatory role in feeding behavior.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Candidate gustatory interneurons modulating feeding behavior in the Drosophila brain.

Feeding is a fundamental activity of all animals that can be regulated by internal energy status or external sensory signals. We have characterized a zinc finger transcription factor, klumpfuss (klu), which is required for food intake in Drosophila larvae. Microarray analysis indicates that expression of the neuropeptide gene hugin (hug) in the brain is altered in klu mutants and that hug itself is regulated by food signals. Neuroanatomical analysis demonstrates that hug-expressing neurons project axons to the pharyngeal muscles, to the central neuroendocrine organ, and to the higher brain centers, whereas hug dendrites are innervated by external gustatory receptor-expressing neurons, as well as by internal pharyngeal chemosensory organs. The use of tetanus toxin to block synaptic transmission of hug neurons results in alteration of food intake initiation, which is dependent on previous nutrient condition. Our results provide evidence that hug neurons function within a neural circuit that modulates taste-mediated feeding behavior.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Feeding behavior of wild dugongs monitored by a passive acoustical method.

Little is known about feeding behavior of wild dugongs (Dugong dugon) because direct measurements of feeding events in the water were scarcely feasible. In this study, the authors achieved the first successful feeding sound monitoring in a seagrass area using a full-band underwater recording system (called automatic underwater sound monitoring system for dugong: AUSOMS-D). In total, 175 feeding sounds were identified in 205 h of recording. Feeding sounds were only detected at night, implying diurnal differences in the feeding behavior of the studied dugong population. Differences in periodicity of feeding sounds suggested that two or more individuals were in the acoustically observable area. Furthermore, a feeding position monitored by two AUSOMS-Ds was used to calculate source levels of dugong feeding sounds. Assuming spherical_propagation, source levels were measured between 70.6 and 79.0 dB rms re 1 microPa/square root of Hz.

Acoustics↗

PubMed2000

Involvement of the caudal raphe nuclei in the feeding behavior of rats.

Involvement of the caudal raphe nuclei (raphe pallidus, RPa; raphe magnus, RMg, and raphe obscurus, ROb) in feeding behavior of adult rats was studied by measuring c-Fos protein expression, in animals submitted to the "meal-feeding" model of food restriction in which the rats were fed ad libitum only from 7:00 to 9:00 h, for 15 days. The experimental groups submitted to chronic fasting, named 'search for food' (SF), 'ingestion of food' (IF) and 'satiety of food' (SaF) were scheduled after a previous study in which the body weight and the general and feeding behaviors were evaluated by daily monitoring. Acute, 48-h fasting (AF) was used as control. In the chronic group, the animals presented a 16% reduction in body weight in the first week, followed by a continuous, slow rise in weight over the subsequent days. Entrainment of the sleep-wake cycle to the schedule of food presentation was also observed. The RPa was the most Fos immunopositive nucleus in the chronic fasting group, followed by the RMg. The ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05) confirmed these results. The IF group was significantly different from the other three groups, as also was the number of labeled cells in the RPa in SF and IF groups. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between RMg and RPa, or RMg and ROb in the SaF and AF. However, it is interesting to observe that the groups in which the animals were more active, searching for or ingesting food, presented a larger number of labeled cells. These results suggest a different involvement of the caudal raphe nuclei in the somatic and autonomic events of feeding behavior, corroborating the functions reported for them earlier.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Feeding behavior responses of Zucker rats to naloxone.

The effects of naloxone on feeding patterns were studied in both obese and lean Zucker rats during both light and dark phases of the diurnal cycle. Eight female obese (471 +/- 9 g) and lean (225 +/- 6 g) Zucker rats were trained to bar press for food. They were administered 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg naloxone at the initiation of the light or dark phase of the diurnal cycle and feeding behavior was recorded for the subsequent 12 hr using an automated real-time data collection system. First meal size and duration were decreased and first postmeal interval was increased by naloxone and responses did not vary with phenotype or phase of the diurnal cycle. Naloxone decreased food intake during the 12-hr period by decreasing average meal size but meal frequency was not affected. Overall, the feeding behavior responses of obese rats to naloxone were greater than those of lean rats, supporting the hypothesis of an association between opioid peptides and obesity. Opioid involvement in diurnal control of food intake is also supported by the greater responses generally demonstrated in the light compared with dark phases.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Infant feeding behavior: development in patterns and motivation.

Studies of feeding behaviors in human infants not only provide normative data but also allow analyses of the behavioral regulation. Twenty healthy full-term infants were observed by two examiners and were audiovisually and polygraphically recorded under standard conditions at 2, 10, 18, and 26 weeks of age prior to, during, and after breast- or bottle-feeding. The parameters of sucking, breathing and swallowing significantly changed during the first 6 months of age. At 2 weeks, infants were alert and visually attentive during sucking. Breast-fed infants had more opportunities for intimate social contacts than bottle-fed infants because breast feeding took significantly longer time than bottle feeding. Alert motor activities significantly shifted from the prefeeding to the postfeeding time during the first 6 months of age. Together with an increase in visual exploration and theta index in EEG, this shift seems to relate to developmental changes and interindividual differences in the intrinsic motivation.

Brain↗

PubMed1994

Postpartum hypophagia in primiparous sows: I. Effects of gestation feeding level on feed intake, feeding behavior, and plasma metabolite concentrations during lactation.

To investigate the relationship between feeding level during gestation and voluntary feed intake, feeding behavior, and plasma metabolite levels during lactation, 18 crossbred, primiparous sows were assigned to two dietary treatments. From d 60 of gestation until farrowing, sows were fed either a standard level of feed (SL; 1.85 kg/d) or were allowed ad libitum (AL) access to feed. During a 28-d lactation all sows were allowed ad libitum access to feed. Eight SL and seven AL sows completed the experiment. Feed intake was measured daily during the final 40 d of gestation and throughout lactation. On d 105 of gestation and d 1, 7, 14, and 21 of lactation, feeding behavior was observed and blood samples were collected via indwelling catheters. Plasma was analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, glucose, and alpha-amino N. During gestation AL sows ate more feed than did SL sows. This increased intake was balanced by reduced feed intake during lactation, when AL sows ate less than SL sows (P < .001). The AL sows gained more weight during gestation (P < .001) and lost more weight during lactation (P < .005) than did the SL sows. Feed intake and weight change during gestation and lactation combined were not different between treatments (P = .85). During lactation, the AL sows ate fewer meals (P < .05) of a similar size than did the SL sows. During lactation, the area under the curve formed by plasma NEFA concentration was greater (P = .06) and that for insulin was less (P < .01) in AL than in SL sows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Recovery of consummatory feeding behavior after bilateral lesions of the cerebral-buccal connectives in Aplysia californica.

In the sea hare, Aplysia californica, consummatory feeding behavior is selectively abolished by bilateral crushes of the cerebral-buccal connectives and recovers by postlesion day 13. Recovered biting responses are initially weak and increase in magnitude gradually with time. The lesions do not affect appetitive feeding behavior or unrelated reflexive behaviors. Thus, feeding in Aplysia can be used to examine the neural basis of behavioral recovery after CNS injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. III. The effects of chemicals on the feeding behavior.

The effect of short-term exposure to xenobiotics on the feeding behavior of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus was studied. The filtration and ingestion rates of this rotifer decreased after an exposure of 5 hr to sublethal concentrations of copper, pentachlorophenolate, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and lindane. The effective concentrations at which feeding rate was reduced to 50% of that in controls (EC50) for the respective chemicals are 0.032, 1.85, 41.2, and 8.5 mg/liter. The potential use of feeding behavior as test criterion for toxicity screening tests with aquatic invertebrates is discussed.

Aniline Compounds↗

PubMed1990

Hypothalamic neurochemistry and feeding behavioral responses to clonidine, an alpha-2-agonist, and to trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, a putative 5-hydroxytryptamine-1B agonist, in genetically obese Zucker rats.

Genetically obese Zucker rats are hyperphagic, hyperinsulinemic and hyperlipemic. In order to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hyperphagia in these animals, monoamine metabolism and turnover were studied in discrete hypothalamic nuclei known to participate in the control of feeding behavior. Neurochemical studies in genetically obese Zucker rats and in their lean littermate controls were complemented by investigating feeding behavioral responses to the acute administration of clonidine (15 and 30 micrograms/kg i.p.), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, and to trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP; 1, 2 and 5 mg/kg s.c.), a putative serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine-1B receptor agonist. Obese Zucker rats had significantly lower concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the main deaminated metabolite of 5-hydroxytryptamine, in the nucleus paraventricularis (PVN) and in the nucleus ventromedialis (VMN), when compared to their lean littermate controls. The rate of accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan after decarboxylase inhibition was reduced in the PVN, nucleus supraopticus, nucleus periventricularis and nucleus suprachiasmaticus of the obese rats. No differences were observed in basal concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid between obese and lean Zucker rats in the brain areas studied. However, the rate of accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine was lower in the VMN and in the median eminence of the obese rats. The feeding behavioral tests showed significantly augmented hyperphagic responses to clonidine in obese Zucker rats. The anorexic effect of TFMPP was similar in both phenotypes. It is concluded that serotonergic activity is reduced in obese Zucker rats, particularly in the PVN, which plays a key role in the control of feeding behavior. The reduced serotonergic activity may be associated with enhanced alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated feeding responses in obese Zucker rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗