PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Fetomaternal Transfusion”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Fetal cells in the mother: from genetic diagnosis to diseases associated with fetal cell microchimerism.

Fetal cells circulate in the blood of pregnant women. When the gestation is normal, fetal cells are low in number. Complications of pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia, or fetal cytogenetic abnormalities, such as Down's syndrome, increase fetomaternal transfusion. The isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood is currently under active investigation as a non-invasive method for prenatal diagnosis. The fetal cells that are most commonly used for non-invasive genetic diagnosis, the nucleated erythrocyte and the trophoblast, are highly differentiated and do not persist post-partum. In the context of studying fetal cells in maternal blood it was discovered that fetal progenitor cells originating from a prior pregnancy could also be detected. This led to the appreciation that unlike fetal DNA in plasma, which is cleared almost immediately following delivery, fetal cells persist for decades post-partum. Following pregnancy, labor, and delivery, a woman becomes a chimera. Transfused fetal stem and progenitor cells appear to be capable of further differentiation and migration to maternal organs. A further research agenda is needed to explore the newly appreciated phenomenon of bi-directional fetomaternal cell trafficking. Any consideration of the fetus as a patient must also consider the fetus as a potential source of therapeutic stem cells for the mother.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Chorioangiomatosis of the placenta--diagnosis and obstetrical management].

Chorioangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta. The pathologist is able to recognize these tumors in 1% of all examined specimens, but 80% of them are small and of no clinical significance. The larger chorioangiomas are very rare and often associated with complications such as placental abruption, fetal anemia, premature labor and preterm delivery. Early diagnosis of such a large placental tumor is necessary for the obstetrician to adjust the management of pregnancy to reduce fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. We present a case of multiple placental chorioangiomas, in which the largest was 8 cm in diameter, detected in the 33rd week of pregnancy and associated with polyhydramnion and fetal anemia because of fetomaternal transfusion. Early diagnosis and well-timed delivery avoided severe complications for mother and neonate.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern and severe fetal anemia.

This report describes a case of a sinusoidal fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern encountered in a fetus at 34 weeks' gestation during antepartum fetal stress testing because of maternal hypertension. Delivery of the fetus was accomplished, and the newborn was found to be severely anemic and hypotensive due to a massive fetomaternal transfusion. Some pathophysiologic mechanisms are suggested, and the clinical significance of this finding is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A randomized comparison of umbilical vein and intravenous oxytocin during the puerperium.

Oxytocin was administered in a randomized fashion via either the umbilical or maternal intravenous route. Women who received intraumbilical oxytocin had significantly greater calculated blood loss compared with those who received peripheral administration (P = .01). This greater blood loss was confirmed by a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations after delivery. There was no difference between the groups in the length of the third stage of labor. The incidence of fetomaternal transfusion was higher in the intraumbilical group (P = .07). We conclude that intraumbilical oxytocin is no more beneficial than peripheral administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Isoimmunization with anti-U antibody.

Isoimmunization with anti-U antibody is a rare but significant cause of hemolytic disease in black newborns. In this case report, an lgG antibody stimulated by fetomaternal transfusion produced a positive direct Coombs' test on cord blood but not neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. A review of the literature suggests the pathophysiology is similar to Rh isoimmunization. The anti-U antibody may develop as a result of pregnancy or blood transfusion in the 1.2 percent of American blacks who are at risk for developing the antibody. The principles of treatment employed in Rh isoimmunization can be successfully used in isoimmunization due to anti-U.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Diagnostic use of meternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in human maternal serum were elevated in 14 patients when measured by a radioimmunoassay. In 8 patients the elveated serum levels of AFP correlated with increased concentration of AFP in amiotic fluid and were diagnostic of fetal defects. The elevated AFP levels in the remaining 6 patients were shown to be the result of fetomaternal transfusion from either amniocentesis or natural causes. Serum samples drawn after amniocentesis through an anterior placenta may show false-positive elevations. The use of both maternal serum and amniotic fluid samples in pregnancies at high risk for neural tube defects can decrease the risk of diagnostic errors due to mistakes in gestational datind and may increase the diagnostic sensitivity of amniocentesis.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage as a perinatology problem, role of ABO fetomaternal compatibility--case studies.

BACKGROUND: Massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage is not simply a problem of possible alloimunization in Rh incompatibility but also endangers the fetus (newborn) by massive anemization. Bleeding from placental vessels can occur after small trauma to the gravid uterus with mild or no clinical signs (bleeding or spotting, pain, hypertonus). The rupture of anchoring villi related to early uterine contractions is also possible. In the case of slow blood loss, the fetus reacts by adequate or inadequate compensatory reactions (hydrops fetus). Rapid and massive blood loss is followed by perinatal hypoxic damage and finally death. Our goal was to map out the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in regard to specific neonatal care. CASE REPORT: We evaluated four cases of fetomaternal transfusion during a 2-year period with special regard to postpartum adaptation of the newborn and the perinatal outcome. The incidence of adverse outcomes following massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage was 50% (2 of 4). There was one perinatal death and one infant was affected by spastic quadriplegia. CONCLUSIONS: For diagnosis, it is possible to use cardiotocography (decreased variability, sinusoid pattern), ultrasound (biophysical profile) and special hematological tests for quantitative determination of fetal erythrocytes in the maternal blood. For the treatment of such cases one should consider premature termination of pregnancy or intraumbilical transfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern associated with the twin to twin transfusion syndrome.

Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern (FHR) is regarded by most authors as signifying a compromised fetus. In most cases, this is secondary to fetal anemia of different causes, usually Rh isoimmunization, more rarely to fetomaternal transfusion, bleeding vasa previa, placental chorioangioma, or traumatic amniocentesis. A case is described which to our knowledge is the first reported of a sinusoidal FHR pattern occurring in the relatively anemic donor twin in a case of the twin to twin transfusion syndrome. The importance of separate antepartum biophysical evaluation of each member of a twin pregnancy is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Does cord drainage of placental blood facilitate delivery of the placenta?

A series of 1,908 women delivering vaginally, and actively managed in stage 3 of labour, were randomly assigned to 2 groups to study if cord drainage of placental blood facilitated delivery of the placenta. Prophylactic oxytocics were given with the birth of the anterior shoulder. In both groups, early cord clamping was practised, timing being at the midwives' discretion. In the control group the cord remained clamped; in the drainage group the cord was unclamped and the volume of placental blood measured. Controlled cord traction completed active management at evidence of separation/descent of the placenta. Rates for retained placenta, postpartum haemorrhage and transfusion were similar. It was concluded that when the third stage of labour is actively managed, placental drainage of cord blood confers no extra benefits. Pre- and post-delivery Kleihauer tests were performed on blood from 20 women in each group. All tests were negative. Contrary to previous work, this does not suggest that cord drainage reduces the fetomaternal transfusion rate. The well known association of prolonged duration of stage 3 of labour and the risk of haemorrhage was strongly confirmed.

Drainage↗
PubMed2003

The influence of fetal loss on the presence of fetal cell microchimerism: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Fetal cells enter the maternal circulation during most pregnancies. Their persistence for years occurs in only some women and has been associated with several autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine whether pregnancy history influences the persistence of fetal microchimeric cells. METHODS: We reviewed all reports of studies on fetal cell microchimerism, defined as male DNA in maternal tissue, that describe individual pregnancy histories, disease diagnoses, and microchimerism status. The total numbers of pregnancies, births, and sons, the history of fetal loss (spontaneous abortion and elective termination), and the presence of a maternal autoimmune disease were tested as factors potentially associated with persistent microchimerism. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four subjects from 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Only fetal loss was significantly associated with the presence of microchimerism (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2-6.0). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that fetomaternal cell trafficking following fetal loss may be important for the engraftment of microchimeric cells in maternal tissue. This may be due to an increased amount of fetomaternal transfusion or to transfer of a cell type that is more likely to engraft. We recommend that investigators in future studies on microchimerism report detailed pregnancy information, since these data are critical for the understanding of factors that influence the development of fetal cell microchimerism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Placental characteristics in twin transfusion syndrome.

The authors describe the histological features of the placenta in a typical case of twin-to-twin transfusion, with particular attention focused on the stereologic aspects. Villi from the anemic placental portion were slightly edematous, with small and inconspicuous vessels. The stereologic characteristics of this portion were nearer values of normal placentas. The plethoric region appears as a postmature organ, with a very thin trophoblast layer and numerous vasculo-syncytial membranes. The most dramatic alterations of this region were mainly related to the foetal capillary. According to the stereologic results, the consecutive circulatory alterations would facilitate the maternal-fetal exchanges in the plethoric placental territory, thus justifying the greater development of this twin.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Umbilical vein administration of oxytocin for the management of retained placenta: is it effective?

In a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 220 women with retained placenta no beneficial effects could be established of intraumbilical vein administration of 10 IU of oxytocin in 20 ml of saline solution. A reduction was not gained in the rate of manual removal of the placenta and there was no decrease in the amount of blood loss. Oxytocin only induced a minor shortening of the median time interval from administration to the spontaneous expulsion of the placenta as compared with a placebo injection. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels before and after intraumbilical vein injection did not show evidence of fetomaternal transfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An approach to interpretation and classification of sinusoidal fetal heart rate patterns.

Sinusoidal fetal heart rate (SHR) records were obtained in 8 cases, either antepartum (3 cases of fetal Rh disease) or intrapartum (one case with an acute episode of fetomaternal transfusion as possible cause, 2 after meperidine administration to the mother and 2 others without attributable causes). Characteristics of both SHR patterns and related clinical pictures are described and compared to similar cases published elsewhere. The possible underlying mechanisms of SHR are discussed. Two different profiles of SHR patterns (smooth and jagged waveforms) are characterized and correlated with their most usual clinical backgrounds and prognostic significance. A classification of SHR into 2 main types is proposed, with clinical use in mind.

Anemia↗
PubMed1994

Transferrin receptor (CD71) expression on circulating mononuclear cells during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: We studied transferrin receptor (CD71) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy pregnant women, to determine if a relationship existed between gestational age and circulating CD71+ mononuclear cells. STUDY DESIGN: Cell suspensions were prepared from venous blood from 139 pregnant women (7 to 26 weeks of gestation), incubated with monoclonal anti-CD71 antibody, and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: When only the first sample from each woman was analyzed, extensive biologic variation between women was shown. An apparent biphasic increase in the percentage of CD71+ cells with advancing gestation was suggested. A subgroup of 13 women studied on multiple occasions demonstrated linear increases in CD71+ cells as pregnancy progressed. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women, when compared with each other, may have differences in the baseline number of circulating CD71+ cells. The increases seen in individuals studied repeatedly are likely to reflect maternal hematopoiesis and current fetomaternal transfusion.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1977

Red cell volume measurements and acute blood loss in high-risk newborn infants.

Red cell volume was measured in 259 infants admitted to a high-risk newborn unit. Red cell volume was measured using 50Cr tagging which subsequently was activated to 51Cr for counting. Total blood volume was calculated using the corrected whole body hematocrit. A low red cell volume was frequently associated with a maternal history of vaginal spotting, with placenta previa or placenta abruptio, with nonelective cesarean section, and with deliveries associated with cord compression. Asphyxiated infants without a history suggestive of blood loos often had a low red cell volume. An early central hematocrit below 45% correlated with a low red cell volume, but a normal or high hematocrit was often associated with low red cell measurements. The total blood volume depended largely on whether the tagging was done long enough after the blood loss for plasma volume equilibration to have occurred. Very low red cell volume values were associated with a high mortality rate, but birth weight played a dominant role in survival, even at low red cell volume levels.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗