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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

["Alternative" therapy methods in functional disorders of the gastrointestinal system].

Patients with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract often respond poorly to standard therapeutic regimes. Therefore, "alternative" forms of treatment (e.g. homocopathy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, diet modifications, psychotherapy, hypnosis) often come into play. Critical assessment of these forms of therapy is difficult: placebo response is high in functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and usually no placebo-controlled studies are available to prove the efficacy of these forms of therapy. Up to now no data was able to prove the efficacy of homoeopathy and phytotherapy, and the efficacy of acupuncture has to be questioned. In contrast to this, hyponosis, psychotherapy and some forms of diet modification seem to be useful at least in some patients with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1996

The influence of polyethylene glycol conjugation on bovine hemoglobin's intrinsic effect on the gastrointestinal system of the rat.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugation on bovine hemoglobin's effect on gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow and motility in the Sprague Dawley rat. This study was divided into two parts: part one assessed blood flow, while the other evaluated bolus transit time through the GI. To examine blood flow, thirty-two rats were divided into four experimental groups (PEG-hemoglobin, bovine hemoglobin, Ringer's Lactate and autologous blood sham). Blood flow within the superior mesenteric artery was monitored during graduated isovolemic hemodilution. In the second part of the study, GI motility was estimated by bolus transit time. Thirty-six rats were assigned to four groups (PEG-hemoglobin, bovine hemoglobin, Ringer's Lactate and no treatment sham) and following an overnight fast, the rats were given a bolus injection (25 mL/kg) of test article. Three hours following injection, they received an oral 0.3 mL gavage of a charcoal/arabic gum mixture and were later sacrificed and their GI tract evaluated. Results indicated that the infusion of bovine hemoglobin reduced both baseline blood flow through the mesenteric artery and gastrointestinal transit time. In contrast, PEG-hemoglobin maintained baseline blood flow through the mesenteric artery and had no effect on GI transit time or morphology. Therefore, PEG conjugation of bovine hemoglobin significantly attenuated its intrinsic effect on the GI system of the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The importance of the gastrointestinal system in the pathogenesis of heart failure.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a multi-organ disease with increasing evidence for the involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) system in this syndrome. In recent research, the gut has received very little attention from cardiologists as its role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is poorly understood. Intestinal ischaemia may play an important role in bacterial translocation by increasing bowel permeability. Decreased cardiac function can reduce bowel perfusion and so clearly impairs the function of the intestinal barrier. There is an increasing evidence to suggest that a 'leaky' bowel wall may lead to translocation of bacteria and/or endotoxin, which may be an important stimulus for inflammatory cytokine activation in CHF. Impaired functioning of the GI system may also contribute to malnutrition and cachexia in CHF. It is hoped that by improving our understanding of the role of the gut in cardiac disease will lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the future.

Bacterial Translocation↗
PubMed1998

Neurology and the gastrointestinal system.

Both achalasia and Hirchsprung's disease arise from defects of innervation of the oesophagus and distal large bowel respectively. Their consequences are confined to disorders of motility in the relevant part of the gastrointestinal tract. Many neurogenic and primary muscle disorders are associated with abnormalities of gut motility. Stroke, even when unilateral, is commonly associated with dysphagia. Transcranial magnetoelectric stimulation has established that the pharyngeal phase of swallowing tends to receive its innervation principally from one hemisphere. In many neurological disorders, dysphagia is only one part of the clinical picture but in some--for example, the Chiari malformation--dysphagia may be the sole or major feature. Disturbances of small and large bowel motility, when seen in neurogenic disorders, are associated with autonomic neuropathy and are particularly common in diabetes mellitus. Primary muscle disorders can lead to dysphagia (for example, with polymyositis or oculopharyngeal dystrophy) or defects of large bowel motility (for example, with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy). Primary gut disorders particularly associated with neurological disease include pernicious anaemia, nicotinamide and thiamine deficiencies, selective vitamin E deficiency, and coeliac disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with thromboembolic complications which may include the CNS, inflammatory muscle disease, and abnormalities on MRI of the brain of uncertain relevance. Whipple's disease is a rare condition which sometimes is largely or entirely confined to the CNS. In such cases, a particular neurological presentation can indicate the diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal systemic sclerosis in serologic mixed connective tissue disease.

Mixed connective tissue disease is a clinical entity defined by overlapping features of progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and distinct serologic findings. Esophageal dilatation and dysmotility have been the only gastrointestinal manifestations reported. Three patients with serologic findings of mixed connective tissue disease and extensive gastrointestinal involvement compatible with the changes found in progressive systemic sclerosis are presented. Gastrointestinal manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis are reviewed and were found to be indistinguishable from the findings in these patients.

Adult↗