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PubMed1999

The barbarism of civilization: cultural genocide and the 'stolen generations'.

Norbert Elias suggested that 'civilization' involves the transformation of human habitus so that violence of all sorts is gradually subjected to greater and more sophisticated forms of management and control, whereas 'decivilization' encompasses processes which produce an increase in violence and a breakdown in the stability and consistency of on-going social relations. What remains unexplored is the extent to which 'civilizing offensives', the self-conscious attempts to bring about 'civilization', have revolved around essentially violent policies and practices. This paper examines the systematic removal of indigenous Australian children from their families, largely for the social engineering purpose of the gradual and systematic annihilation of Aboriginal cultural identity. At the time, these policies and practices were constructed by most observers as contributing to the 'welfare' of Australian Aborigines, and this intersection of welfare and violence raises the possibility that civilization and decivilization, rather than being different processes which may or may not run alongside each other, interpenetrate each other so that, under certain circumstances, societies are 'barbaric' precisely in their movement towards increasing civilization. It may also be possible to describe the move away from the systematic removal of Aboriginal children since the 1970s as itself part of a civilizing process, an increasing recognition of the human rights of Australian Aborigines and of the inhumanity of those policies and practices. The paper concludes by addressing the implications for theories of civilization and decivilization, as well as more generally for our contemporary understanding of what it means to be a 'civilized' modern citizen.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

What a psychoanalyst learned from the Holocaust and genocide.

This paper is concerned with certain aspects of the Holocaust as it concerns children of survivors and child survivors. It describes transposition and somatisation and a split in the superego in children of survivors, bringing as an example the case of Rachel. It goes on to describe the psyche of child survivors, the split in their ego, their somatisation and the effect it had on the id, the ego and the superego of child survivors. Time did not permit examination of another interest of mine, the psyche of the German persecutor who inflicted the atrocities on communists, socialists and gypsies as well as Jews and homosexuals as if they were vermin.

Adaptation, Psychological↗