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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Applying the "Model of recovering alcoholics' behavior stages and goal setting" to nursing practice.

In 1990, the author developed the Model of Recovering Alcoholics' Behavior Stages and Goal Setting as a result of grounded theory research. The model explains the natural progression of recovery through four behavior stages. Each stage is characterized by specific patient goals. Application of the model provides a framework for nursing care planning that is both stage-focused and patient-centered. In this article, the author discusses nursing intervention in relation to the model.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing the quality of patient care through performance counseling and written goal setting.

Patient care scores of staff nurses in seven Veterans Administration hospitals who used a performance counseling protocol that required written goal setting, coupled with head nurse modeling and support to achieve goals (experimental), were compared with scores of nurses who continued with usual practice (control). Staff nurses chose their own goals. One goal was to improve patient care and the other was to improve staff nurse professional competence. After six months, experimental group scores were higher on five patient care scales, one significantly. After 12 months, scores shifted in favor of the control group, one significantly. Experimental group scores were higher on patient interview questions after six months and made additional gains after 12 months. Experimental nurses generally were more satisfied with their nursing careers and described working relationships more positively. Some progress the experimental nurses made after six months was lost after 12 months. Nurses who received high patient care scores from outside observers described the hospital working environment in more positive terms. Relationships of three instruments that measure quality of patient care are presented.

Achievement↗
PubMed2002

Effects of posting self-set goals on collegiate football players' skill execution during practice and games.

The effects of self-set goals and public posting on athletic performance of 5 collegiate football players was studied. All players were linebackers on a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Division II football team. The dependent variables were the percentage of correct occasions when the linebacker (a) positioned himself to cover a specified area on the field during a pass or from the line of scrimmage during a run; (b) moved to the correct position in response to the positioning of the offense; and (c) tackled and stopped the progress of the ball carrier. A multiple baseline design across behaviors showed an immediate increase in the practice performance of the players and a corresponding increase in game performance following introduction of the independent variable. This study extends research using public posting in sport by demonstrating the effects of player-determined goals and public posting of goal attainment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adjustment, depression, and minimal goal setting: the moderating effect of performance feedback.

In this study I tested hypotheses about changes in expectancy and minimal goal statements and the relations of these variables to adjustment. Seventy-seven male college students completed the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank and the Beck Depression Inventory and subsequently received success or failure feedback on tasks for which they provided expectancy and minimal goal statements. Expectancies and minimal goals changed differently, relative to each other, as a function of performance feedback. Modest relations of adjustment and dysphoria with minimal goals were found, but these were moderated by performance feedback: Under failure, poorer adjustment and greater dysphoria were associated with higher minimal goals; under success, poorer adjustment and greater dysphoria were associated with lower minimal goals, contrary to a widely held hypothesis. Moreover, although the effects of adjustment and dysphoria on minimal goal setting were similar in strength and direction, these effects were independent of each other. Thus, adjustment-minimal goal relations must be understood in light of situational parameters and may reflect two processes, only one of which is related to mood.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Goal setting in acquisition of a volleyball skill late in motor learning.

To examine the effects of different types of goal setting on motor skill acquisition during advanced stages of learning. 44 female volleyball players were tested in four experimental training groups with generic goals, specific long-term goals, specific short-term goals, and as a control group. This study's pretest, training, and retention test phases used performance of a volleyball dig/forearm pass oriented to a target. Analyses yielded no significant differences among groups, although performance increased from pre- to retention test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Goal setting & Network 9/10 efforts to improve care.

TRN, through its Medical Review Board, has developed, endorsed, and articulated goals for two aspects of dialysis treatment. These goals promote the use of continuous quality improvement by encouraging dialysis programs to perform internal examinations of their own data in the context of regional and national data. TRN believes that this combination of data feedback, CQI, and goal setting will impact positively on patient outcomes for all dialysis patients within The Renal Network.

Goals↗
PubMed1979

A mathematical model of speedskating performance improvement for goal setting and program evaluation.

An analysis of world class performance improvement over chronological time was used to develop mathematical curves of performance for each speedskating event. The equations were calculated using an unconstrained non-linear least squares iterative curve-fitting technique. A non-linear model was selected to satisfy the principle of diminishing returns, that is, it is more difficult to achieve a unit of performance improvement as performance approaches the theoretical limits of man. Minimum criteria of acceptance for each curve were: 1) the coefficient of determination must be 0.90; 2) the year 2000 predicted value must be less than the current world record; and 3) the curve must be progressive, i.e. satisfy the principle of diminishing returns. Satisfactory curves were calculated for seven of the eight male and female events studied. A four year Olympic cycle was noted and a definite change in performance trend was identified as occurring in the mid 1960's. The calculated mathematical curves can be used in three applications: 1) setting objective individual goals and evaluating these goals; 2) evaluating and comparing training programs on successive years; and 3) evaluating total programs.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Goal setting and the differential influence of self-regulatory processes on complex decision-making performance.

The effects of goal setting and cognitive self-regulatory processes were examined on a highly complex task, a managerial decision-making simulation. It was hypothesized that the presence vs. absence of a specific performance goal would moderate the strength of relations between performance and 2 self-regulatory processes: self-efficacy judgments and self-evaluative reactions. Ss received either a moderately or extremely difficult task goal, or no specific goal. Self-regulatory processes were assessed after an initial trial block. Regression analyses revealed that, as predicted, both self-regulatory processes more strongly affected performance when Ss received a specific goal. Contrary to earlier findings obtained with simple activities, dissatisfaction with prior outcomes impaired performance. Ss who were dissatisfied with past attainments exerted much decision effort but adopted inferior task strategies that produced poorer results.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Perceived efficacy and goal setting in young children.

One of the central tenets of client-centred occupational therapy is to enable clients to select goals to work on in therapy (Law, 1998). The process of identifying and prioritizing goals is fairly abstract, therefore occupational therapy goals for children are often prescribed by the therapist or by parents and teachers. The purpose of this study was to pilot test a measure and a process that would provide young children with the opportunity to assess their performance on daily tasks and to establish goals for occupational therapy intervention. Parents and children completed the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System (PEGS), a measure of children's perception of their competence performing fine and gross motor tasks. Children 5-9 years of age were able to discriminate among tasks and to rate whether or not they were able to perform each task competently. They were also able to use this information to select and prioritize goals for intervention. While parents often rated the child's competence lower than the child did, there was a high level of agreement regarding which tasks were difficult for the child. Parents and children often did not agree about the specific selection or priority of these tasks for intervention, however, which highlights the need for further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Self-monitoring, self-administration of token reinforcement, and goal-setting to improve work rates with retarded clients.

Although many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of self-regulation strategies with non-retarded populations, relatively few studies have examined their value for retarded workers in vocational settings. A Self-Regulation Package (SRP), which incorporated self-monitoring, self-administration of reinforcement, and goal-setting procedures, was investigated as a strategy for increasing the productivity of sheltered workshop clients. A combined multiple-baseline, multi-element, reversal-to-baseline design was used to evaluate the SRP. As a function of the presence of the SRP, production of the 8 clients increased by an average of 43% (range: 19-60). Social validation procedures revealed that clients preferred to work under the SRP conditions versus baseline conditions. Since many workshops for retarded persons have client/staff ratios which do not readily permit staff to undertake additional duties, the adoption of self-regulation strategies could represent an effective and acceptable means of assessing and improving individual rates of production.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding patient experiences with goal setting for diabetes self-management after diabetes education.

Diabetes educators need to understand self-care experiences of patients with diabetes in the early stage after diagnosis and education. A survey assessed patient-generated measures of experiences with goals (self-care behaviors) after diabetes education among patients with type 2 diabetes (N = 97) between 6 months and 1.5 years since diagnosis. Most patients set goals during diabetes education and thought that the goals were useful. There is evidence suggesting that patients experiencing difficulty with traditional self-care behaviors may use approaches to evaluate their diabetes control that are not encouraged in diabetes education, such as monitoring their physical and emotional feelings. Implications for diabetes education and counseling practices are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A taxonomy for goal setting in the care of persons with dementia.

OBJECTIVE: Develop a taxonomy for understanding and classifying goals in the care of persons with dementia. DESIGN: Qualitative study using open-ended interviews with key informants and the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis. SETTING: The geriatric assessment center at a large academic medical center in Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS: Key informant interviews with 36 subjects: consecutive patients receiving geriatric assessment at the center and their primary family caregivers, case managers, and physicians of patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Goals, or desired outcomes, for the patient's care as described by patients, primary family caregivers, case managers, and physicians were the main measurements. Participant interviews were conducted until the point of theoretical saturation, i.e., until further interviews no longer provided new concepts. All participants articulated at least one goal. Specific goals were characterized by a limited number of goal attributes resulting in a taxonomy, or consistent classification system, for reported goals. These attributes include domain (or content), specificity, time frame, and level of challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that patients, primary family caregivers, and clinicians can articulate goals of care and may bring differing perspectives to the goal-setting process. The research identified a taxonomy that may facilitate negotiation of goals by revealing important, and perhaps overlooked, aspects of goals and the goal-setting process.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

Goal-setting in terminal care: a method of recording treatment aims and priorities.

Although hospices are often said to provide a higher standard of care to terminally ill patients than conventional health care facilities, little empirical investigation has been conducted to test such statements. One aspect of the care process for which hospices are often praised is the attention paid to social and emotional problems concerning the patient, as well as more directly clinical matters. Often these goals are not explicitly stated. This paper investigates a method for systematically documenting the goals set by a multidisciplinary group of staff for the patients under their care. The study was conducted in a National Health Service (NHS) terminal cancer care unit, the staff of which were interested in setting clear, explicit objectives for their patients.

Documentation↗
PubMed1997

Goal setting as a predictor of return to work in a population of chronic musculoskeletal pain patients.

To assess prospectively the association between personal attributes, vocational factors, and the return to work outcome for patients with chronic, nonmalignant, musculoskeletal pain, we assessed return to work (RTW) motivation though an open-format listing of treatment goals in 59 chronic pain patients admitted to a university pain management program. Patients were then followed (average of 17.9 months) in the posttreatment period to determine whether they had in fact returned to employment. Results indicated that a number of pretreatment factors predicted future employment status in this patient population. Age, marital status, education and decreased length of unemployment were predictive of RTW outcome. Overall, RTW goal was the single best predictor of return to work outcome. In contrast, increased number of premorbid jobs, compensation status, patient's race and sex were not predictive. The present study suggests that the assessment of an individual's motivation as defined by goal-setting may be a key factor in predicting a favorable outcome in this typically refractory population of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Relationship of core self-evaluations to goal setting, motivation, and performance.

A newly developed personality taxonomy suggests that self-esteem, locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, and neuroticism form a broad personality trait termed core self-evaluations. The authors hypothesized that this broad trait is related to motivation and performance. To test this hypothesis, 3 studies were conducted. Study 1 showed that the 4 dispositions loaded on 1 higher order factor. Study 2 demonstrated that the higher order trait was related to task motivation and performance in a laboratory setting. Study 3 showed that the core trait was related to task activity, productivity as measured by sales volume, and the rated performance of insurance agents. Results also revealed that the core self-evaluations trait was related to goal-setting behavior. In addition, when the 4 core traits were investigated as 1 nomological network, they proved to be more consistent predictors of job behaviors than when used in isolation.

Adolescent↗