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PubMed2006

Congenital heart defects in Fgfr2-IIIb and Fgf10 mutant mice.

OBJECTIVE: Myocardial progenitor cells expressing Fgf10 give rise to the outflow tract and right ventricle of the mammalian heart. In order to define the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in this process we investigated whether Fgf10 or the major Fgf10 receptor Fgfr2-IIIb are required for normal heart development. METHODS: The cardiac phenotype of Fgf10 and Fgfr2-IIIb mutant mice was analysed by histology, scanning electron microscopy and gene and transgene expression studies. RESULTS: Outflow tract formation from Fgf10 expressing progenitor cells occurs normally in Fgf10 mutant embryos and in the majority of Fgfr2-IIIb mutant embryos; a proportion of Fgfr2-IIIb mutant embryos, however, display outflow tract and right ventricular hypoplasia. The predominant cardiac defects in Fgfr2-IIIb mutant embryos are ventricular septal defects associated with overriding aorta or double outlet right ventricle. In addition, loss of Fgfr2-IIIb is associated with ventricular anomalies including a thin myocardial wall, abnormal trabeculation and muscular ventricular septal defects. In contrast, Fgf10 is required to correctly position the heart in the thoracic cavity but not for outflow tract septation. Both Fgf10 and Fgfr2-IIIb mutant embryos lack pulmonary arteries and veins. CONCLUSIONS: Fgfr2-IIIb and Fgf10 mutant mice have distinct roles during cardiac morphogenesis, although neither gene is essential for outflow tract elongation from Fgf10 expressing progenitor cells. Fgfr2-IIIb and Fgf10 mutant mice provide new models for common components of congenital heart disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Pathologic diagnosis of certain congenital heart defects].

Morphometrical examinations of 265 normally formed hearts collected at autopsies of infants under 2 years of age were used as a control of the heart weight and size of the pulmonary trunk and aorta. The time of anatomical closing of the arterial duct and oval window were established. Comparisons of the results of morphometry of normal and 173 malformed hearts with the tabulated data were used to develop objective criteria for pathological diagnosis of congenital heart diseases: open arterial duct and centrally located defect of the interatrial septum in infants dying within the first two months of life. The criteria for the detection of marginal forms of stenosis of the pulmonary trunk ostium and isolated coarctation of the aortal isthmus were established.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Occurrence risk for congenital heart defects in relatives of patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the risk of occurrence of congenital heart defects in offspring of individuals with a congenital heart defect is important for genetic counseling and understanding the etiology of congenital heart diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: A portion of the questionnaire mailed to all patients in the Second Natural History Study of Congenital Heart Defects (NHS-2) addressed marital status, pregnancy, miscarriage, and presence or absence of congenital heart defects or other congenital malformations in first-degree relatives. Offspring were not examined as a part of the study. For male probands with aortic stenosis (AS), three of 251 offspring had congenital heart disease, whereas one of 72 offspring of female probands with AS had congenital heart disease. For patients with pulmonary stenosis (PS), three of 176 offspring of male probands had congenital heart disease, whereas eight of 205 offspring of female probands had congenital heart disease. For male probands with ventricular septal defect (VSD), 10 of 334 offspring had congenital heart defects, and 11 of 384 offspring of female probands with VSD had offspring with congenital heart defects. The prevalence rate for noncardiac congenital anomalies in offspring of probands was 2%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on known congenital heart defects in offspring of probands in the NHS-2, occurrence rates of congenital heart disease in children of subjects with AS, PS, and VSD were 1.2% (confidence interval [CI], 0.34-3.1%), 2.8% (CI, 1.4-5.1%), and 2.9% (CI, 1.8-4.4%), respectively.

Adolescent↗