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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The radionuclide diagnosis of posttraumatic complications in the testes].

Testicular trauma is not uncommon. Apart from accidental trauma it may deliberately be inflicted during fight by striking blows in the scrotal area. The most common posttraumatic complications are hematoma, hydrocele and hematocele, orchiepididymitis and occasionally malignant degeneration of the injured testis. Unless diagnosed and treated in time, these complications lead to hypoplasia and atrophy of the testes, the far-reaching result being sterility. Fifteen patients 17 to 40 years of age, undergone testicular trauma, comprise the study group. In 8 patients no changes were recorded. In the other group of 7 patients 1 had hematoma, 4 hydrocele, 1 orchiepididymitis and 1 (six months after the trauma)--tumor of the testis--teratocarcinoma. It is concluded that gamma-camera scintigraphy of the testis is a quick and exact method, which furnishes ample information on the complications following testicular trauma thus tracing a correct approach to treatment.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

Transvaginal color Doppler study of blood flow in ectopic pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To compare Doppler indices of blood flow in the uterine and spiral arteries and the corpus luteum (CL), in ectopic and intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs). DESIGN: A prospective study of women with an ectopic or singleton IUP at the corresponding stage of gestation. SETTING: The Gynaecological Ultrasound Clinic, King's College Hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-two women, 19 with an ectopic pregnancy (EP) and 33 with an IUP. INTERVENTIONS: All women were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography with color Doppler immediately before surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The resistance index from the left and right uterine arteries, the spiral arteries, and the CL. The peak blood velocity (cm/sec) from the uterine arteries. The length of gestation. RESULTS: Fetal heart activity was observed in all cases of IUP at 5 weeks' gestation. Three women had an EP with a live embryo, 5 had an embryo with no heart activity, 5 contained only a yolk sac, and 2 had an empty sac. A hematocele was seen in 3 women, and 1 had tubal thickening. The mean uterine and spiral arterial resistance index decreased with the gestational age of IUPs but remained constant during EPs. Peak blood velocity in the uterine arteries increased with the gestational age of IUPs, and the values were significantly higher than in EPs. A CL was seen in 88% of women with an IUP and in 100% of women with an EP. The resistance index was similar in CL associated with both types of pregnancy, and the values did not change with gestational age. CONCLUSION: These data show that: (1) blood flow impedance in the uterine and spiral arteries, and CL, is similar in IUPs and EPs and (2) peak flow velocity in the uterine arteries reflects a decreased blood supply to EPs.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Prenatal testicular torsion. Presentation of a case and review of the literature].

This is a case report of extravaginal twisting of the spermatic cord in a neonate (third pregnancy, without prenatal care, obtained through iterative cesarean section), which occurred during the prenatal (in uterus) period since it was present at birth. Clinically found were: an enlargement of the right hemiscrotum, color changes (violet), induration, absence of the cremasteric reflex and no translumination. Ultrasonography showed homogeneous opaqueness of the right scrotal pouch. Right radical orchiectomy was carried out after finding testicular necrosis. The differential diagnosis includes: tumor, hematocele, testicular twist of the epidydimus appendexes, incarcerated hernia, scrotal abscess, supradrenal gland or ectopic spleen and the twisting of the spermatic cord. All of these conditions require immediate surgical exploration through the inguinal region in order to obtain a correct diagnosis and give prompt treatment. If there is twisting, contralateral fixation is necessary.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[A method for external and internal fenestration in the surgical treatment of idiopathic hydrocele].

A method is described for operative treatment of idiopathic hydrocele, which consists of tunnelling at 01 o'clock by the clock-dial to the right (11 o'clock to the left) with Payr's probe and from cupula to bottom of the space between the hydrocele sac and fascia spermatica interna and trans section of the thus created tunnel pass in the sac. Through the approach created in this way and at 180 degrees from the first incision (at 07 and respectively at 05 o'clock) from within outward a second incision of the sac is performed. The serous surface of the edges of the fenestrated openings is everted with three catgut sutures as a lapel. The method was applied on 7 patients 10 to 86 years of age. In the early postoperative period within an observation period from 3 to 19 months the characteristic and rather common complications in patients operated for hydrocele did not occur (hematocele, chylomas, which are mostly of ex vacuo type because of impaired blood supply and lymph system of the scrotum, abscesses, indurations of the scrotal and testicular tissues, relapses of the hydrocele, etc).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The role of ultrasound in scrotal trauma.

We reviewed the sonograms of 16 cases with scrotal trauma and documented the spectrum of abnormalities that may be present in sonography after a scrotal injury. The sonographic findings included scrotal hematoceles, post-traumatic epididymitis, epididymal hematoma, testicular hematoma and/or infarction, testicular rupture, testicular swelling and hyperemia. Ultrasound is able to distinguish intratesticular and extratesticular lesions. The integrity of the testis could be evaluated as well. It should be the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of scrotal trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Level of total protein and activities of selected enzymes in hemolymph of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) naturally infected with digenetic fluke larvae].

Total protein and activities of: alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in haemolymph of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, naturally infected with digenetic larvae were investigated. There were no any changes in these parameters in the snails infected with Cercaria tenuispina that occupies mainly hematocele sinuses. Significant increase of activities of all examined enzymes in haemolymph of the snails infected with larvae belonging to the Furcocercariae group was ascertained. These changes were proportional to the degree of injury of the digestive gland, examined with the use of the thymol turbidity test. Total protein level was significantly higher only in haemolymph of snails with higher values of this test.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Diagnostic imaging of patients with acute scrotal pain.

Common causes of acute scrotal pain include testicular torsion, epididymo-orchitis and trauma. Epididymitis in adult men is typically associated with a history of urinary tract infection or prostatitis. Testicular torsion typically presents in young adults with a sudden onset of severe scrotal pain and, frequently, a history of recurrent episodes that have spontaneously resolved. With scrotal trauma, ultrasound may demonstrate testicular fracture, hematoceles and areas of hemorrhage or testicular infarction. Since both epididymitis and testicular torsion present with scrotal pain and swelling, and may be accompanied by fever and pyuria, Doppler ultrasound or radionuclide imaging may be necessary to make the diagnosis. In acute testicular torsion, color Doppler ultrasound shows absent flow to the epididymis and testis, while nuclear imaging shows central photon-deficient areas in the ischemic hemiscrotum. In epididymo-orchitis, color Doppler ultrasound shows increased flow to the epididymis and testis, while nuclear imaging shows increased perfusion of the affected testis and hemiscrotum.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Acute orchiepididymitis: assessment with high-resolution ultrasonography in 52 cases].

OBJECTIVES: The present study describes our experience in ultrasound diagnosis of acute orchiepididymitis, with special reference to the most common US patterns and complications of this disease entity. METHODS: In acute scrotum suspected as having an inflammatory origin, high resolution ultrasonography is performed in the acute phase in addition to routine blood and urine analyses. Treatment and subsequent US control evaluation vary according to each case. RESULTS: The sonographic findings in 52 cases with a clinical suspicion of acute orchiepididymitis are presented. All examinations were performed in the acute phase. Subsequent sonographic control evaluation was performed 2-4 months after treatment. Seven cases had a negative ultrasound; in 4 cases ultrasound disclosed a different pathology (2 tumors, 1 testicular torsion and 1 hydatid torsion); 12 had both testicular and epididymal involvement; one had testicular and 28 had epididymal involvement alone. Complications were observed in 21 cases (hydrocele, abscess, pyocele, infarct...). Sonographic evaluation after treatment showed complete resolution in 26 cases whereas 15 cases showed postinflammatory sequelae (atrophy, changes in testicular ultrasound pattern, calcifications, chronic hydrocele...). The ultrasound findings indicated surgery in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: High resolution ultrasonography is currently the diagnostic method of choice in scrotal inflammation. It permits determining the extent of the lesion (orchitis, epididymitis, orchiepididymitis), complications (hydrocele, hematocele, pyocele, abscess, infarct...) and the result of therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Scrotal cystic lymphangioma: the misdiagnosed scrotal mass.

PURPOSE: We report 7 cases of scrotal cystic lymphangioma and review the literature on this unusual lesion, which is often misdiagnosed as other conditions and treated incorrectly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 7 patients with scrotal cystic lymphangioma treated from 1984 to 1996 at 5 institutions. RESULTS: Mean patient age at presentation was 3 years and painless scrotal swelling was the most common symptom. Physical examination demonstrated an unusual cystic scrotal mass with a normal testis and cord in most patients, and ultrasound in 4 showed a complex septated cystic mass. Preoperative misdiagnosis in all 7 patients included hernia, hydrocele, hematocele, varicocele and possible torsion. In 6 children the lesions were more extensive than expected with deep perineal and/or inguinal involvement, including 2 who also had pelvic and retroperitoneal extension. Incomplete excision led to recurrence in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Scrotal cystic lymphangioma presents as an unusual cystic scrotal mass. Although misdiagnosis has been common, awareness of the characteristic features of this lesion should lead to the correct preoperative diagnosis. When lymphangioma is suspected, imaging of the adjacent inguinal, perineal and pelvic regions should be performed. Complete excision is mandatory to prevent recurrence.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1963

[Acute testicle].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Epididymitis↗
PubMed1990

Aspiration cytology of palpable lesions of the scrotal content.

To date, we have studied 89 palpable lesions of the scrotum, testicle, and epididymis using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Cystic lesions (48.3%) and inflammatory pathology (25.8%) were the most frequent findings. Tumors accounted for 11.2% of results, with a slight predominance of the malignant varieties. In this article, we describe the cytopathology of the main entities and discuss the principal problems of differential diagnosis, especially among inflammatory processes, seminomas, and embryonal carcinomas. The cytopathological pattern of the neoplasias is highly characteristic, and this permits their diagnosis with great precision. FNAC is essentially nontraumatic and easy to carry out, but it requires considerable practice in its execution and in the interpretation of the aspirates. We believe FNAC to be the technique of choice for the study of the pathology of the scrotal content, and we think that it should be employed on the patient's very first visit. The main advantage of FNAC is avoiding delays in diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗