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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Formation of cyclic adducts of deoxyguanosine with the aldehydes trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in vitro.

trans-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal (t-4HH), a reactive metabolite isolated from the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine, and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (t-4HN), a product of lipid peroxidation, reacted nonenzymatically with deoxyguanosine at pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C in vitro with each compound yielding two pairs of diastereomeric adducts. Adducts were isolated using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and were characterized by their mass spectra and proton magnetic resonance spectra. Adducts 1 and 2 from t-4HH were assigned the structures 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8R-hydroxy- 6S[1- (R and S)hydroxypropyl]pyramido[1,2-a]purine-10-(3H)one and Adducts 3 and 4 were assigned the structures 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8S-hydroxy- 6R-[1- (R and S)hydroxypropyl]pyramido[1,2-a]purine-10-(3H)one. Similar 6-hydroxyhexyl adducts were isolated in the reaction of deoxyguanosine with t-4HN. The reactions appear to involve Michael additions of the N2 amino group of deoxyguanosine followed by cyclization at the 1-N site. This reaction mechanism is similar to that reported for deoxyguanosine adduct formation with the nonhydroxylated alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes crotonaldehyde and acrolein. Total adduct formations following 16-h incubations were 0.91% for t-4HH and 0.85% for t-4HN. These results demonstrate that t-4HH and t-4HN possess the ability to alkylate deoxyguanosine in vitro and suggest possible mechanisms for 4-hydroxyalkenal and pyrrolizidine alkaloid genotoxicity.

Aldehydes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship between the phase of the sex cycle and differences in the rate of hexenal detoxication and its induction by phenobarbital in female rats].

Differences in hexenal detoxication rate and its induction with small doses of phenobarbital in mongrel female rats, depending upon the stage of the sex cycle, were investigated. The application of the hexobarbital test demonstrated that the duration of a continuous lateral position and re-establishment of locomotion after administration of a standard dose of hexobarbital in the stages of proestrus and estrus are much shorter than they are in the stages meta- and diestrus. In females pretreated with small doses of phenobarbital were found the same temporal correlations of sleep and restored locomotion during corresponding cycles following administration of hexobarbital as in controls, but their levels proved 2-3 times lower respectively than they were in control females. Low doses of phenobarbital (10, 10 and 20 mg/kg) used in the present experiments are nearly as effective as are doses almost by one order higher (80-150 mg/kg), used by other authors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of hexenal and thiopental anesthesia on energy metabolism in different brain areas].

Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were studied in dog mitochondria of visua and acoustic areas of brain cortex as well as of medial thalamus after hexenal and thiopental narcosis. The distinct increase in the respiratory activity, which was not accompanied by phosphate esterification, was observed in mitochondria of medial thalamus as compared with the organelles of brain cortex from visual and acoustic areas. The phenomenon was responsible for uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation processes.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Action of ketamine and hexenal on excitable membranes of a neuromuscular preparation in the frog].

The effects of the non-inhalation anesthetics, ketamine and hexenal (25 and 100 microM/l) on excitable membranes of the frog sartorius muscle were studied with the aid of intra- and extracellular electrodes. At the concentration 100 microM the anesthetics depressed most markedly the junctional transmission and practically had no influence on motor axon function. Since ketamine did not interact evidently with tubocurarine and showed pronounced antagonism to Mg ions, it is assumed that ketamine interferes with neuronally induced transmitter release.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of the toxicity of a chemical by adsorbed typhoid vaccine by a pharmacological test (hexenal sleep) and by a change in thymus weight in white mice].

With the wide spread of immunoprophylaxis, investigations aimed at introducing new methods for the control of vaccines are gaining in importance. As indicated by the results of investigations, the reactogenicity of vaccinal preparations for humans may be evaluated, to a certain extent, by the degree of the stress action produced by these preparations and the duration of hexenal narcosis in laboratory animals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Tandem mass spectrometry of model peptides modified with trans-2-hexenal, a product of lipid peroxidation.

Small molecules formed during lipid peroxidation can react with the basic groups in proteins through different mechanisms. Recently, substituted pyridinium moieties were observed during in vitro incubations of lysine-containing peptides with 2-alkenals. To explore the dissociation behavior of peptides with pyridinium-derivatized lysine residues, the peptide ions created through either matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization or electrospray ionization were studied with tandem mass spectrometry. The permanently charged pyridinium ions fragment primarily through the charge-remote processes. Under high energy collision-induced dissociation, a number of diagnostic ions were observed that could potentially be used to identify modified residues in proteins. The origins of these ions were studied using deuterium exchange and higher-order mass spectrometry experiments using an ion trap instrument. Rational structures for these ions are proposed.

Aldehydes↗