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PubMed1993

Teachers' perceptions of students' feelings of clothing deprivation.

The purpose of this study was to compare teachers' perceptions of the feelings of perceived clothing deprivation among their students with the students' actual feelings. The samples consisted of 336 home economics students in Grades 9 through 12 from 6 high schools and 140 teachers employed by the same 6 schools. Results indicated that there was no difference between teachers and students on two measures of clothing deprivation, Inability to Buy and Clothing Deprivation Relative to Peers. In addition, a number of programs for meeting students' clothing needs were identified by the teachers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Recent activities of public agencies to assure healthful diets for Americans.

In the United States, public agencies long have been involved in providing information about food and nutrition. Over the years, however, the nature of that involvement has shifted. Initially the emphasis was on practical information about agriculture and home economics. Gradually emphasis has shifted to concerns about malnutrition and, more recently, to concerns about overconsumption and associated health problems. This paper reviews some of the food and nutrition-related activities of public agencies and summarizes some recent concerns related to nutrition "recommendations", "goals", and "guidelines". Two key publications related to nutrition issues are: 1) "Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans," published jointly by United States Department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services and 2) "Toward Healthful Diets," from the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences. One of the guidelines in the former publication tends to encourage the dairy industry to orient toward reducing consumption of milk fat. In contrast, the analysis in the latter publication tends to encourage adoption of an approach to promote nutrition education and marketing programs without necessarily reducing consumption of milk fat. The approach of dairy industry would differ depending upon which guidelines were adopted.

Diet↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of nutrition education on nutrition behaviors of investigated students' group].

The aim of the study was evaluation if nutrition education effect on food consumption in students. The group of 110 students, 50% from Faculty of Human Nutrition & Home Economics and other from Horticulture Faculty was investigated. Food consumption quality was estimated using 24 hours recall method and modified by Kulesza test of Bielińska. It has been shown, that nutrition education did not significantly effect on food consumption of students.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

DECS tries out instructional materials on AIDS prevention education.

A national try-out of the newly developed print and non-print instructional materials on AIDS Education is being conducted by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) this school year 1993-to 1994. To determine the effectiveness of these materials, various public and private schools in Region IV (Southern Tagalog), VII (Central Visayas) XI (Southern Mindanao) and National Capital Region (Metro, Manila) were chosen as try-out institutions. The AIDS education materials will be tried out in different subjects in some grade and year levels such as civics and culture (grade one); science and health (grades three and six); home economics and livelihood education (grade five); physical education, health and music (second year) and Pilipino Language (third year). The materials for the elementary level consist of posters, cut-out pictures, voice tapes, jingles, talking books and slides, while the secondary school level utilizes modules. For the tertiary level, a Resource Book on AIDS Prevention Education is used by the Teacher Training Institutions and the Non-Formal Education employs the Facilitator's Guide for Levels I-III. These materials will be tried out in both urban and rural schools, with control school and experimental school at each level.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Plan IV and V dietetics program recruitment strategies and their perceived success.

A recruitment effort is essential to the vitality of the dietetics profession. To gather information about recruitment strategies and to identify recruitment techniques perceived to be successful, we surveyed 258 program directors of approved Plan IV and V programs listed in the 1989 Directory of Dietetic Programs. One hundred thirty-nine questionnaires were completed, a response rate of 55%. On-campus students were recruited primarily from general education or basic nutrition classes or by means of written information placed in campus offices. High school, community college, and junior high school students were usually contacted through career information days, although high school students were contacted more frequently than were community college or junior high school students. Almost half of the respondents made a special effort to recruit underrepresented groups. A variety of strategies had a significant positive relationship with perceived recruitment success. Some involved personal contact-for example, meeting with high school science and home economics teachers, attending career information days at community colleges, and having a full-time faculty member assigned to meet with prospective majors. Other strategies involved the development of printed materials and displays. Department or school names that were directly related to nutrition, dietetics, health, science, or professional management were perceived as having a positive effect on promoting the dietetics program. Recruitment strategies perceived to be successful may be a useful starting point for recruitment efforts. The findings indicate recruiting strategies can be categorized into two groups--those that involve personal contact and those that involve the use and development of the print and graphic media.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation tools for undergraduate program planning in times of financial austerity.

This article describes the administration and outcome of two evaluation tools developed by faculty of the dietetic program for ongoing assessment of a Plan IV dietetic education program over a 4-year period. Interns and internship directors were asked to evaluate the level of skills and knowledge base of interns compared with their internship classmates. Interns were also asked to rate the effectiveness of undergraduate course assignments and activities for internship preparation. As a result of the surveys, the home economics core course work was deleted, credits were shifted from food science to nutrient metabolism courses, and credits in clinical nutrition were increased. Projects in clinical nutrition and food systems management were modified. The surveys justified program requirements and utilization of resources, and provided an additional, effective measure of faculty competence.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What public school teachers teach about preventing pregnancy, AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases.

Ninety-three percent of public school teachers in five specialties-biology, health education, home economics, physical education and school nursing--who teach grades 7-12 report that their schools offer sex education or AIDS education in some form. Almost all the teachers believe that a wide range of topics related to the prevention of pregnancy, AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) should be taught in the public schools, and most believe these topics should be covered by grades 7-8 at the latest. In practice, however, sex education tends not to occur until the ninth or 10th grades. Moreover, there is often a gap between what teachers think should be taught and what actually is taught. For example, virtually all the teachers say that school sex education should cover sexual decision-making, abstinence and birth control methods, but only 82-84 percent of the teachers are in schools that provide instruction in those topics. The largest gap occurs in connection with sources of birth control methods: Ninety-seven percent of teachers say that sex education classes should address where students can go to obtain a method, but only 48 percent are in schools where this is done. Forty-five percent of teachers in the five specialties currently provide sex education in some form. The messages they most want to give to their students are responsibility regarding sexual relationships and parenthood, the importance of abstinence and ways of resisting pressures to become sexually active, and information about AIDS and other STDs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of formal education in high school as rites de passage.

Until recently the transition from adolescence to young adulthood has not been clearly delineated in North America. However, secondary education has come to formalize this transition in ways that exemplify the patterns of segregation, transition, and incorporation that make up Van Gennep's rites de passage. Adolescents, who are defined as socially immature, are segregated in high schools where they are formally socialized for the responsibilities of adult life (transition). During this period of formal socialization, adolescents are expected to remain at home, economically dependent upon and accountable to their parents. The high school graduation ceremony is a ritual that marks the incorporation of the graduates into young adulthood. This nearly universal graduation from high school for the middle class and much of the working class has come to mean that high school assumes the characteristics of age-grade rites de passage throughout much of society.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Long-term effects of commonly available weight reducing programmes in Sweden.

A majority of people attempting to lose weight will use methods that do not involve medical expertise or professional organizations. Consumer organizations continually have problems with so-called slimming products which claim results that are scientifically unfounded and impossible. In this study four methods commonly used in Sweden were studied with emphasis on long-term effects. One-hundred and twenty moderately overweight women were allocated to one of five groups and repeatedly interviewed and monitored over a 2-year period. The long-term results with a protein powder preparation and a kelp-lecithin-vitamin capsule were poor. However, results were also poor with the nutritionally adequate recommendations issued by the Stockholm Home Economics consultation service but lacking programme support or follow-up. The weight losing programme of a 'slim club' was found to result in the greatest overall sustained weight loss (2.8 +/- 4.7 kg, mean +/- s.d.). An attempt to define 'compliance' with each programme was made, which showed that the majority of overweight women were not able to adhere to these given programmes for a 2-year period, probably because of unsatisfactory results. We consider it essential to document the long-term outcome of these methods in order to facilitate understanding of the situation of these overweight subjects and to assist consumer organizations in their efforts to prevent the spread of scientifically unsound weight reduction methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Adolescent attitudes toward designer jeans: further evidence.

The classical conditioning theory of learning was used to predict the attitudes of junior high students toward spending for designer jeans. Two groups of junior high (mean age = 13.3 years) home economics students (N = 44) viewed and responded to four slides of designer or status jeans and four slides of nondesigner jeans. In addition, half the subjects were exposed to designer hangtags, and half were not. Thus, the design of the experiment was a mixed model two X two analysis of variance. In accord with recent research on designer jeans, it was predicted and found that junior high students were likely to say that in comparison to the nondesigner jeans, they would spend more for the designer jeans, select them more often as gifts, and purchase them more often for themselves. It also was found that the junior high students were more likely to say they would select a pair of jeans as a gift when the hangtags were present but were more likely to say they would purchase the jeans for themselves in the absence of the hangtags. There were no interactions. Classical conditioning theory is used to explain the results and to offer avenues for further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Interactive computer programs for applied nutrition education.

DIET2 and DIET3 are programs written for a Dec2050 computer and intended for teaching applied nutrition to students of nutrition, dietetics, home economics, and hotel and institutional administration. DIET2 combines all the facilities of the separate dietary programs already available at Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology into a single package, and extends these to give students a large amount of relevant information about the nutritional balance of foods (including DHSS and NACNE recommendations) prior to choosing them for meals. Students are also helped by the inclusion of typical portion weights. They are presented with an analysis of nutrients and their balance in the menu created, with an easy mechanism for ammendation of the menu and addition of foods which provide the nutrients that are lacking. At any stage the computer can give the proportion of total nutrient provided by each meal. DIET3 is a relatively simple program that displays the nutritional profile of foods and diets semigraphically.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1984

Biochemistry for dietetic students: course content and format.

This article presents the results of a survey of the 251 undergraduate dietetic programs for course content and level of the biochemistry course most frequently used to satisfy competencies in biochemistry under Plan IV of the ADA in 1979-80. It showed that a common core of information was stressed by all biochemistry instructors, but there was great variability in content and level of material covered and the textbook chosen, depending on whether the biochemistry course was offered to dietetic majors only, in classes with other nonchemistry majors, or in classes with chemistry majors. Variability was also seen in the time allotted for biochemistry--39 to 280 hours (total lecture and required laboratory hours); laboratory requirements--only 71%; and departmental affiliation of the instructor--17 different departments, primarily of chemistry (80%), biology (8%), and home economics (4%). Topics given greatest emphasis were descriptive ones, such as definitions, simple structures, and reactions of intermediary metabolism in general terms. Topics given least emphasis were those involving mechanistic and quantitative biochemistry, such as respiratory quotient (RQ), enzyme kinetics, calculations of energy from fat and carbohydrates, and specific structures of vitamins, ketones, and metabolic intermediates. The lack of communication between biochemistry and nutrition instructors and the great differences in the preparation of dietetic majors in biochemistry are sources of concern.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1982

Body image of obese adolescent girls in a high school and clinical setting.

There have been many investigations of body image in cases of anorexia nervosa in adolescent females. However, there has been limited research with normal adolescent girls who happen to be overweight. In this study, 27 girls found to be obese (at least 20 percent above average body weight for age, sex and height) among 203 girls in home economics classes of four suburban high schools were compared to 20 girls seeking help for their obesity on an outpatient basis in hospital-affiliated programs for weight reduction in a nearby city. The two groups were assessed and compared regarding body image factors. The clinical subjects showed a significantly greater difference in their selection of outline drawings of the female figure perceived to represent their actual as compared to ideal body sizes. No significant difference was found in articulation of body concept as revealed in human figure drawings judged according to Witkin's Articulation of Body Concept (ABC) Scale, and in the mean number of uncomplimentary adjectives used to describe present appearance. However, the difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the latter two variables, when submitted to t tests, were shown to approach significance (.017 less than p less than .05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Team teaching in coordinated undergraduate programs.

Team teaching is mandated for coordinated undergraduate programs in dietetics. A study was undertaken to ascertain current practices in team teaching and to identify attitudes of faculty and clinical preceptors toward team teaching. Survey instruments were designed for faculty and preceptors and sent to each accredited CUP. Responses from 131 faculty members and 196 preceptors were included in the data analysis. Findings from this study indicated that there was wide variation in dietetic teaching teams, including the existence, structure, size, organization, composition, and responsibility of team members. Generally, there was agreement among faculty members and preceptors concerning their respective and shared responsibilities. However, faculty members appropriated to preceptors greater responsibility for selecting clinical experiences and for planning and attending clinical conferences. Preceptors expected faculty members to have greater responsibility for evaluating all aspects of the program, including the curriculum, learning experiences in the clinical area, and performance of other team members. Most faculty members and preceptors who participated in this study agreed with positive statements about team teaching. They recognized that the purpose of team teaching is to improve instruction, and they indicated trust in its value as a part of professional education. There appear to be subtle differences in the way team teaching is perceived and implemented by faculty members in schools of home economics and school of allied health. The findings suggest the need for further consideration of team identification, designation of team leaders, involvement of preceptors, time utilization, and student evaluation of team teaching.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1980

Urolithiasis in childhood.

A complete evaluation of 1337 cases from a total of 1799 children seen with urinary tract stones was made. Factors known to be associated with this disease have been carefully documented. No definite conclusions as to the etiology of the disease could be drawn. However, malnutrition, lower socio-economic homes, sex (male:female = 5:1) and occurrence from a younger age were the most consistent predominant factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An outbreak of typhoid fever among children who attended a potluck dinner at Al-Mudhnab, Saudi Arabia.

In June 1992, 19 cases of typhoid fever were reported from the town of Al-Mudhnab town (population 10,000) in the Qassim region of central Saudi Arabia. Ten of the cases were females (53%), and these were clustered by onset in a 15-day period. Cases in boys followed the girls and were more dispersed over time. Cases included 14 school-age children, four pre-school children, and the wife of a girls' school bus driver. The attack rates (AR) did not differ between boys' and girls' schools and ranged from 5.5 to 15.87 per 1,000 in six different schools. All patients except one lived within two blocks in one quarter of the town. Typhoid fever was associated with attending a school potluck dinner (OR = 5.31; 95% CI 1.02, 28.85) or eating food prepared for that dinner (OR = 6.95; 95%; CI 1.40, 36.61). Cake with cream topping from the dinner was kept overnight at room temperature and served to girls on the bus the next day. The OR of eating leftover cake on the school bus and becoming ill was 11.04 (95%; CI 1.59, 95.27). The localization of this outbreak by time and place and by the age groups affected, supports the conclusion that the outbreak was foodborne. The most likely food was cream topping on the cake. Lessons on proper food handling and storage should be included in home economics classes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the entrance examination for baccalaureate nursing program].

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the variables of the entrance examination for baccalaureate nursing program, records from senior high school, and records of the courses during nursing program. The variables of the entrance examination were the scores obtained by subjects on their entrance examination which included Japanese, English, Chemistry, short essay examination, and interview. Senior high school records included grade-point-average, Japanese, Social Studies, Mathematics, Science, Health Science, Arts, English and Home Economics. The variables of records during nursing program were achievement scores of the essential courses which taken by all subjects. The data were attained from records of 551 baccalaureate program graduates (graduates from 1982 to 1991, 61 students with recommendation entrance included) from one of the urban colleges of nursing in Japan. Peason product moment correlations and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to identify the relationship between variables. As results, there were no relationship between entrance examination records and senior high school records except English (r = .47, p < .001). There was moderate relationship between entrance examination English and English during nursing program. Between senior high school record and nursing program records, there was a weak relationship between English & Foreign languages, Health Sciences & Physical Exercise, Science & Natural Science. Among those courses during nursing education, there was a tendency for English scores correlated significantly high with another courses than any other subjects. These findings indicate that educators could identify students early in their college education who would have difficulty in nursing courses and assist them in their learning.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗