PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “HYDRARTHROSIS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Significance of arthroscopy in children with knee joint injuries.

Clinical and arthroscopic findings after knee joint injury were evaluated in 35 children aged 4-15 years. Arthroscopy revealed a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in 9 patients; two lesions were only partial. Eight children suffered from patellar dislocation. Eleven patients showed minimal synovial and cartilaginous lesions as the only cause of hemarthrosis, hydrarthrosis and clinical symptoms. Three had chondral lesions due to a dysplastic patella. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in only 12 of 35 cases. Arthroscopic therapy was performed in 15 and open surgical intervention in 16 patients. Our results show that hemarthrosis and persisting symptoms after a knee trauma in children indicate a severe knee injury. The diagnostic procedure and treatment should be as ambitious as in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arthrography with Amipaque (metrizamide) and other contrast media. A roentgenographic and histologic evaluation in rabbits.

Arthrography of the knee joint was performed in 30 rabbits for comparison of Amipaque (metrizamide) with Urografin 60% (meglumine-sodium diatrizoate), Isopaque Amin (meglumine-calcium metrizoate), Conray Meglumin 282 (meglumine iothalamate) and Dimer-X (meglumine iocarmate). Films taken at regular intervals show longer contrast duration, and less hydrarthrosis after injection of Amipaque. Minimal focal inflammatory reaction in the synovial membrane is found in many cases when the animals are sacrificed 1 day or 7 days after the injections. No significant difference can be found between the contrast media, and similar changes are also seen after injection of physiologic saline.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Mycoplasma fermentans, but not M penetrans, detected by PCR assays in synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic disorders.

AIM/BACKGROUND: Mycoplasmas, especially Mycoplasma fermentans, were suggested more than 20 years ago as a possible cause of rheumatoid arthritis but this hypothesis was never substantiated. In view of the superior sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay over culture, the aim was to use this method to seek M fermentans and M penetrans in synovial samples from patients with various arthritides. METHODS: Synovial fluid samples (n = 154) and synovial biopsy specimens (n = 20) from 133 patients with various rheumatic disorders were stored at -80 degrees C for between one and 40 months. Aliquots (500 microliters) of the synovial fluid samples were centrifuged and the deposit, and also the synovial biopsy specimens (approximately 1 g) were placed in lysis buffer with proteinase K for DNA extraction. The DNA was tested by using a semi-nested PCR assay for M fermentans and a single-round PCR for M penetrans. RESULTS: M fermentans was detected in the joints of eight (21%) of 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, two (20%) of 10 patients with spondyloarthropathy with peripheral arthritis, one (20%) of five patients with psoriatic arthritis, and four (13%) of 31 patients with unclassified arthritis. M fermentans was not found in the joints of the seven patients with reactive arthritis, the 29 with osteoarthritis or post-traumatic hydrarthrosis, the nine with gouty arthritis, nor the four with chronic juvenile arthritis. M penetrans was not detected in any sample. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that the presence of M fermentans in the joint is associated with inflammatory rheumatic disorders of unknown cause, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, whether this organism triggers or perpetuates disease of behaves as a passenger remains conjectural.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical features of patients with osteoarthritic knees followed by development of rheumatoid arthritis].

We investigated clinical features of patients with osteoarthritic knees followed by development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after several year's interval. The subjects were 16 knees of 8 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) including one man and 7 women. The mean age at development of OA knee was 62.8 years (range; 45-73). The mean age at later development of RA was 66.0 years (range; 52-79). The mean follow-up period was 96.4 months (range; 28-191). We evaluated clinical features using the 1987 revised Criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), laboratory dates including RF, CRP, ESR, the number of joints with RA, and femorotibial angle (FTA). The mean number of features of patients which was fulfilled with the ACR criteria was 3.3 +/- 1.6 at the onset of RA. Only four patients were seropositive through the total follow-up period. The serum level of RF, CRP, and ESR were reduced at the follow-up period. The mean number of the joints involved in RA was 11.0 +/- 5.1 (range; 4-22) and wrist and shoulder joints were involved more frequently than other joints except knees. High tibial osteotomy (HTO) was performed on 5 knees of 3 patients and the mean degree of FTA was 168.8 +/- 1.9 degrees just after surgery. However, 36 months after development of RA, joint destruction and valgus deformity occurred on 3 knees and the mean degree of FTA of 5 knees was ended up to 159.6 +/- 11.3 degrees. Our experiences suggested that RF, CRP, ESR and lesions of other joints should be carefully evaluated in the OA patients with seropositivity or knee hydrarthrosis and that histological analysis for synovium should be assessed by the biopsy at time of HTO or arthroscopic surgery to improve accuracy of diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of persistent knee effusions with intra-articular radioactive gold.

Patients with a total of 112 chronic knee effusions unresponsive to the usual conservative methods of therapy were treated with intra-articular injections of radioactive gold and followed from 6 months to 5 years. Most patients in the study had rheumatoid arthritis but others had ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, intermittent hydrathrosis and undiagnosed synovitis. After 6 months 81% showed improvement. This figure diminished to approximately 70% at 1 and 2 years, 60% at 3 and 4 years and 50% at 5 years. The mose beneficial results were seen in patients with intermittent hydrarthrosis. Twelve patients with a synovial cyst and/or rupture improved. Patients with thin synovia and anatomic stage I or II disease did best, but those with stage III disease also did well. After the injection 33% of the patients had a reactive synovitis. A variable amount of radioactive material escaped from the knee to the regional lymph nodes and general circulation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

[Efficacy of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate in post-operation treatment of the knee].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate in post-operation treatment of the knee. METHODS: From January 1998 to February 2001, 4 ml of sodium hyaluronate injection was injected into the knee joint of the 134 cases at the end of arthroscope operation, or the 91 cases undergoing open operation of the knee at the time when the drain tube was removed (treatment group). Five days after operation, the hydrarthrosis was removed and 2 ml of sodium hyaluronate was injected into the knee joint. According to the patient's condition, injection of sodium hyaluronate was performed once a week for several weeks. Clinical evaluation was made by evaluating pain visual analog scale (VAS) and painless range of movement (ROM) of the joint at every definite point of time. The 85 patients in control group used nothing at the same time. RESULTS: The VAS score of patients in the treatment group was significant lower than that of the control group. The period to the maximal painless ROM of the joint was 6 days in the treatment group after open operation, while 9 days in the control group. CONCLUSION: Sodium hyaluronate appears effective in relieving post-operation pain of the knee joint.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of joint fluid volume in the knee joint of rabbits by measuring the endogenous calcium concentration.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a new, simple, and more efficient method for estimating joint fluid volume in the knee of experimental animals by measuring endogenous calcium concentration, which is maintained rigidly at a constant level in the body fluid. METHODS: Calcium concentrations in the plasma and joint cavity lavage were colorimetrically measured in normal and papain-induced arthritic rabbits. The joint fluid volume was estimated by dividing the total calcium concentration in the joint cavity lavage (microg/joint) by calcium concentration in the plasma (microg/ml). To confirm the relevancy of this method, radioactivity in the plasma and joint cavity lavage was determined after intravenously injecting 3H2O. The correlation between the joint fluid volumes obtained from the two different methods was examined to evaluate the validity of the method involving measurement of the calcium concentration. Results The joint fluid volumes of normal rabbits were estimated at 401 micro/joint and that in the arthritic rabbits at 680 microl/joint by measuring calcium concentration, respectively. These values were not significantly different from those estimated by radioactivity in the plasma and joint cavity lavage (normal: 425 microl/joint, arthritis: 761 microl/joint). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the values obtained from the two methods (r = 0.985). This method is considered useful for the evaluation of therapeutic medicine for arthritis or for hydrarthrosis research using experimental animal models.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synovial hemangioma. Description of a case.

Intra-articular angioma, or vascular hamartoma, is a tumor-like lesion essentially made up of anomalous blood vessels localized in the joint capsule, in the synovial membrane, or in both structures. There are two anatomical varieties: one circumscribed localized and one extended. There seems to be predilection for the female sex, and age of onset ranges from birth to 20-30 years of age; it occurs more frequently in the knee, less in the elbow, in the wrist and in the ankle. Symptoms, which often begin after local trauma, include joint swelling and pain, both characterized by discontinuity and long duration. Sometimes there is an increase in swelling, repeated episodes of hemarthrosis (or hydrarthrosis), forced position and functional limitation of the joint, increase in skin temperature. Final diagnosis can only be obtained with histological examination, although MRI may be useful and arteriography clearly reveals it, if the harmatoma is extended enough and communicating with the circulation. Histological examination carried out on fragments of tissue taken in loco reveals a labyrinthine agglomerate of fissures and lengthening cavities, with walls that are generally thick and of a venous-like anomalous type. The course of the disease is slow, with periods of remission of local symptoms of varying duration. Treatment is surgical and it consists in complete removal when possible of the angiomas. The results, particularly in the localized form, are satisfactory; recurrence is infrequent and it is generally due to incomplete excision of the neoformation.

Hemangioma↗
PubMed1989

[Chronic instability of the knee].

During the last few years, major advances have been achieved in our understanding and treatment of chronic instability of the knee joint. The central hub (ACL and PCL) is the most important stabilizing element, and its rupture usually results in slipping knee, pain and recurrent hydrarthrosis, which are particularly frequent and severe in athletes. However, in some circumstances the loss of the anterior cruciate ligament can be compensated for by other stabilizing elements or by an excellent musculature. In patients with slipping knee, clinical, radiological and even arthroscopic examinations are necessary to decide on the treatment to be applied. This treatment depends on the importance and type of laxity, on the presence or absence of meniscal and cartilaginous lesions, on the degree of functional impairment and on the patient's life style. Several methods can be used, from rehabilitation alone to the replacement of the deficient ligament(s) by autografts or artificial ligaments. Treatment should not be stereotyped, and only specialist can determine the best method for each individual patient.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Another case of articular hydrops in dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring].

In addition to the 1968 report on two patients suffering from Duhring's disease (DD) associated with hydrarthrosis by Zaun, we now present a third case of the same combination of signs. In all three patients, painful joint swelling regularly preceded the manifestation of cutaneous eruptions. Joint pains and swelling did not respond to usual antirheumatic treatment, but always remitted together with the skin eruptions under medication of sulphones.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Popliteal cysts, femoral erosion and degenerative changes in the knee joint.

Positive correlations obtained between the presence of anterior femoral erosion, enlargement of the gastrocnemius-semimembranous bursa and osteoarthritis in the knee suggests that these are all manifestations of a degenerative process developing with increasing age. Popliteal cysts are considered to act as a decompressing factor for raised intraarticular knee pressure. The association of popliteal cysts with femoral erosions suggests that both conditions may be attributed to similar mechanisms, namely, hydrarthrosis and raised joint pressure secondary to degenerative articular disease. The double contrast arthrograms did not reveal the presence of detectable synovial hypertrophy in these cases, suggesting that anterior femoral erosions do not usually result from such a process. The LT/LP ratio (patellar tendon length to length of the patella) did not prove to have any correlative value with the presence of popliteal cysts, femoral erosions or degenerative osteoarthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Baker's cysts. A follow-up study after surgical therapy].

Baker's cysts have to be regarded as a secondary phenomenon of knee-joint diseases. In the treatment of Baker's cysts, therefore, arthroscopy should be done before extirpation. In our study we wanted to look at the results of this therapeutic concept. In the surgical clinic within the Ruhr University of Bochum 34 patients with Baker's cysts underwent an operation between 1985 and 1992. In 22 patients the main symptom was swelling in the hollow of the knee, while the others reported effusions of the knee joint, pain or restricted joint movement. In 27 cases the diagnosis was made by ultrasound alone; in the others arthrography or NMR tomography was necessary. Arthroscopy was performed in all patients, revealing lesions of the meniscus in 12 cases, rupture of the cruciate ligament in 1, degenerative changes in 15 and chronic polyarthritis in 1. In 5 patients we could not find any pathologic changes. We observed 1 severe postoperative complication in the form of a joint infection. Histological examination of the cysts showed chronic synovialitis in 21 patients and tuberculous arthritis in 1. In 25 of our patients clinical and ultrasound examination were then performed on average of 34 months after their operations. In 4 patients we found recurrence of cysts: 2 of these patients were found to be suffering from chronic knee-joint disease with effusions; 1 had recurrent hydrarthrosis together with chronic renal insufficiency; and the fourth patient had constant knee pain, though the arthroscopy did not show any pathologic changes. In the last case our diagnosis was therefore called in question.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Revision total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy.

Eleven patients (12 knees) who underwent revision total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy are reviewed. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically before osteotomy and arthroplasty, and in the follow-up period. The time from osteotomy until arthroplasty ranged from 9 months to 9 years, 6 months (average: 4 years, 5 months). The average follow-up period after arthroplasty was 6 years, 11 months (range: 1 year, 6 months to 13 years). On the basis of the Japan Orthopaedic Association osteoarthritic knee scoring system, the results of total knee arthroplasty after osteotomy were found to be comparable with the results after primary arthroplasty. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time from osteotomy to arthroplasty, alignment of the leg before arthroplasty, and the reason for requiring revision arthroplasty. Group 1 included 6 patients with 6 knees who underwent arthroplasty within 3 years after osteotomy. The main reason for revision arthroplasty in Group 1 was pain due to the recurrence of a varus deformity. Group 2 included 5 patients (6 knees) who underwent revision arthroplasty more than 5 years after osteotomy. The main reason for revision arthroplasty in Group 2 was pain or hydrarthrosis due to the progression to bi-compartmental or tri-compartmental osteoarthritis. There was no significant difference in the clinical results between the two groups. Concerning patellar height, LT/LP of Group 1 was significantly lower than that of Group 2. There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings among the two study groups and the control group of 71 patients (110 knees) who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty, except for alignment before arthroplasty. Using the Japan Orthopaedic Association osteoarthritic knee scoring system, previous osteotomy does not seem to affect the outcome of total knee arthroplasty. With refinement of the technique of high tibial osteotomy, revision total knee arthroplasty after 3 years or less would be avoidable, however, revision total knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritic deterioration over time would be inevitable.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Common causes of knee effusions in spinal cord injury: a random study.

Patients with spinal cord injury are predisposed to knee effusions owing to osteoporosis, heterotopic ossification, trauma, and benign hydrarthrosis. This retrospective review discusses 11 patients with spinal cord injury and knee effusions seen during two years. One objective is to correlate the initial diagnosis based on clinical findings with the final diagnosis based on synovial fluid analysis and radiographic studies. Another is to describe the variety and complexity of clinical situations that involve knee effusions in spinal cord injury. The initial diagnosis was different from the final diagnosis in all of our cases. The final diagnoses were trauma (6 cases), pseudogout (2 cases), spasticity, fracture of the tibial plateau, septic joint, and tears of the anterior cruciate and lateral collateral ligaments. Knee effusions in this unique population must be carefully investigated to avoid erroneous diagnoses based on the initial clinical presentation, which can be complicated by multiple medical problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Hoffa's disease of the adipose pad: magnetic resonance versus surgical findings].

INTRODUCTION: Hoffa's fat pad disease is characterized by chronic knee pain mostly under the patella. Acute cases are generally post-traumatic; the clinical picture consists of especially anterior pain and functional impairment mimicking a ligament injury, often in the presence of a bulky effusion even with blood from mucous ligament arteriole rupture. In chronic cases, recurrent episodes of hydrarthrosis are reported, together with joint weakening and subpatellar discomfort. At clinical examination, Hoffa's sign is difficult to observe but can be highly specific. Extending a bent knee putting pressure on the patellar tendon margins elicits a strong pain, an antalgic block and a defensive behavior of the patient. MRI clearly depicts Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad and its findings may suggest the frequently ignored diagnosis of Hoffa's syndrome, alone or associated with other local or systemic conditions. This is really important for a complete and correct surgical planning, since the classic anterolateral arthroscopy and arthrotomy never visualize the pad itself and, at any rate, give no information on the possible changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: June 30, 1995, to June 30, 1997, one hundred and ninety-three arthroscopies were performed at the Service of Orthopedics of Argenta Hospital. The present retrospective study excluded 107 patients (65.45%) who had not undergone MRI. In the remaining 86 patients (44.55%) who underwent MRI, the surgical, arthroscopic and nonarthroscopic patterns of Hoffa's pad were studied and 17 patients selected for surgical curettage of Hoffa's pad which was the site of isolated or associated conditions. All 17 MR examinations were reviewed to assess the patterns of the various pad abnormalities in the light of the surgical picture and of the latest indications from the international literature. RESULTS: T1-weighted sequences showed the fibrotic trabeculae of the pad thanks to the contrast offered by hyperintense fat and T2-weighted sequences demonstrated liquid infiltration in the pad and various synovial recesses. Despite the limitations of a retrospective study, MRI had high sensitivity in Hoffa's fat pad studies in our 17 patients; its specificity depended on the condition. MRI was particularly reliable in acute (Hoffa's pad rupture-detachment) and chronic conditions with aspecific hypertrophy (chondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis), as well as in systemic disorders (rheumatoid arthritis). CONCLUSIONS: Accurate studies of Hoffa's fat pad are mandatory because different pad injuries may require a different arthroscopic approach from the classic ones. MRI was a useful tool in the study of Hoffa's fat pad, whose local and systematic involvement is an often ignored cause of anterior knee pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunocytomorphological study on the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylarthritis.

The present investigation is based on the cytomorphological, histopathological (HE, VG, PAS-Alcian, Safranin 0, Gömöri), histoenzymological (acid phosphatase, chondroitinsulphatase, peroxidase) and immunological (rheumatoid factor (RF), circulating immune complexes (CIC), anticolagen II antibodies and C reactive protein (CRP) study on ankylosing spondylarthritis (2.5 cases). The synovial fluid (SF) synoviocytogram showed cytosis (6.067/mm3), with polynucleosis (65.19%) and ragocytosis (17.73%) as compared with the hydrarthrosie SF characterized by lymphocytosis (47%). Enzymological findings revealed phosphatasic and myeloperoxidasic activity in the ragocytary polymorphonuclear (PMNs) and mononuclear cells. Histopathologically, the severe forms of AS correlated with villous chronic synovitis, associated to processes of obliterating vascularitis, fibrosclerosis, necrosis and calcification of disintegrated synovial structures. The articular cartilage was severly damaged, while osseous necrobiosis was noted at the osteocartilaginous junction. Histoenzymologically, the chondrocytes and synovial macrophages showed lysosomal and oxidative enzymatic activity. Immunological assessments (72 sera and 25 synovial fluid samples) showed pathological values of circulating immune complexes, anticollagen antibodies and C reactive protein. Correlation of immunocytomorphological findings demonstrates the involvement of immunologic and enzymatic factors in the pathogenesis of AS.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

Pentosidine in synovial fluid in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: relationship with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Pentosidine is an advanced glycation endproduct formed by glycosylation and oxidation. Our aim was to develop a means to measure pentosidine in synovial fluid (SF), and to compare its concentration in SF in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to investigate the relationship between its concentration in SF and the disease activity of RA. METHODS: SF was collected from knee joints in 31 patients with RA and 40 with OA, who had hydrarthrosis. One patient with RA and 7 with OA who had the complication of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure made up the DM/CRF group, and the remaining patients made up the RA group (n = 30) and the OA group (n = 33). Pentosidine was measured by the direct HPLC method with column switching after hydrolysis of SF. RESULTS: Pentosidine was detected in all SF and was greater in RA (83.9 +/- 46.0 nmol/l, mean +/- SD) than in OA (40.1 +/- 19.6 nmol/l). Three DM/CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis had markedly high pentosidine levels (482.5 +/- 280.8 nmol/l). There was a significant correlation between pentosidine and C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and Lansbury Index (p < 0.01). Patients with RA were divided into high and low activity groups according to the CRP and Lansbury Index. Pentosidine was significantly higher in the high activity group (CRP > or = 2.0 mg/dl and Lansbury Index > or = 50%) than in the low activity group (CRP < 2.0 and/or Lansbury Index < 50) (100.9 +/- 42.8 vs 58.5 +/- 39.6 nmol/; p = 0.0013). CONCLUSION: Pentosidine in synovial fluid was higher in RA than in OA. Pentosidine levels in SF were related to the disease activity in RA.

Adult↗