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Blue Cross market share, economies of scale, and cost containment effort.

This paper examines two components of the hospital insurance market structure-market share and the absolute number of enrollees in Blue Cross plans-to ascertain whether market structure affects the willingness of Blue Cross plans to use cost control measure. Empirical estimates show that larger plans are more likely to use prospective reimbursement, pre-admission testing, and concurrent review. Market share, however, has a positive effect only on concurrent review. We suggest that there are economies of scale to cost control efforts, but that high market share generally does not lead to increased cost-consciousness.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans

Bond ratings, debt insurance, and hospital operating performance.

In this study, the operating performances of not-for-profit community hospitals are compared among groups partitioned by bond ratings, level of debt insurance coverage, and number of bond rating services. The analysis indicates that the performances of hospitals with full debt insurance coverage resulting in AAA ratings are significantly lower than those of hospitals with partial debt insurance and with AA ratings or better. Indeed, the hospitals with full debt insurance resemble those with partial insurance that are rated BBB to A. These findings have implications for managerial action choices. Hospitals seeking external funding to improve their operating performance may consider the costs and benefits of full insurance coverage.

Analysis of Variance

Tax and Medicare aspects of hospital malpractice insurance. Part 1.

This first part of a two-part article on how tax laws and Medicare regulations affect hospital malpractice insurance discusses self-insurance mechanisms, particularly trust funds. Relationships among tax exemptions, Medicare and other intermediaries' reimbursements, investment income from such funds, and payments to and from the funds are examined.

Income Tax

Medicare program; Part A premium for the uninsured aged for 1989--HCFA. Notice.

This notice announces the hospital insurance premium for the uninsured aged for calendar year 1989 under Medicare's hospital insurance program (Part A). The monthly Medicare Part A premium for the 12 months beginning January 1, 1989 (for individuals who are not insured under the Social Security or Railroad Retirement Acts and do not otherwise meet the requirements for entitlement to Part A) is $156. The Medicare statute specifies the method to be used to determine this amount.

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Medicare program; Part A premium for the uninsured aged for 1990-- HCFA. Notice.

This notice announces the hospital insurance premium for the uninsured aged for calendar year 1990 under Medicare's hospital insurance program (Part A). The monthly Medicare Part A premium for the 12 months beginning January 1, 1990 for individuals who are not insured under the Social Security or Railroad Retirement Acts and do not otherwise meet the requirements for entitlement to Part A is $175. Section 1818(d) of the Social Security Act specifies the method to be used to determine this amount.

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The effect of the 30% private health insurance rebate on the purchasing behaviour and intentions of the Australian population.

This article examines the likely effect of the 30% private health insurance rebate on private health insurance coverage. It is based on a survey of the Australia population conducted in April-May 1999 which collected information on health insurance purchasing behaviour and intentions. These data are used to predict the subsidy's likely effect on hospital insurance coverage, with estimates ranging from 30.5% to 34.3% by May 2000. Ancillary insurance membership is forecast to increase to between 32.7% and 37.2% of the population over the same period. The 30% insurance rebate will probably produce, at best, a small increase in hospital insurance membership. The cost of the rebate is estimated at $1.4 billion in 1999-2000. Given the small increases in projected membership, the cost of the initiative is very high.

Age Factors

Medicare program; payment for the costs of malpractice insurance for hospitals and skilled nursing facilities--HCFA. Proposed rule.

We propose to amend the method we use to determine reasonable cost reimbursement for the costs of malpractice insurance incurred by hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Under this proposed rule, we would retain the claims-paid formula whereby a hospital or SNF would be reimbursed according to the ratio of its malpractice claims paid to Medicare patients compared to its malpractice claims paid to all patients. A hospital or SNF with no malpractice claims-paid experience would be reimbursed an amount equal to a national ratio of malpractice claims paid to Medicare patients compared to malpractice claims paid to all patients. In addition, we would update the national ratio used to determine the amount payable to hospitals with no less experience. The current malpractice insurance rule was promulgated on June 1, 1979 (44 FR 31641) and made applicable to cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1979. Since that time a number of hospitals have brought court actions challenging the policy. As a result, we have reviewed actual hospital cost report data to ascertain whether the underlying bases for the existing methodology continue to be supported. We have concluded that these data independently establish and confirm that our prior determination to directly apportion malpractice costs was correct. Accordingly, we propose to have this regulation take effect for cost reporting periods beginning on or after July 1, 1979, subject to our rules of administrative finality and reopening.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.

The financial status of Medicare.

Medicare is the largest health care program in the country, providing medical care to 38 million aged and disabled Americans. Concerns over rapid cost increases and the imminent insolvency of the Medicare Hospital Insurance trust fund led to enactment of sweeping Medicare legislation as part of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. Preliminary estimates indicate that this legislation will result in program savings of $150 billion in the first five years and will postpone the depletion of the Hospital Insurance fund from the year 2001 until about 2010. While the Balanced Budget Act significantly reduces Hospital Insurance expenditure in the long range, serious deficits are still expected when the "baby boom" generation reaches retirement. The Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance trust fund is automatically in financial balance, but policy makers remain concerned about continuing rapid cost increases. A new National Bipartisan Commission on the Future of Medicare will attempt to determine effective solutions to these long-range problems.

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