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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Anaphylaxis to muscle relaxants. Predictive value of intradermal tests and study of crossed anaphylaxis].

37 patients were studied, all of whom presented with anaphylaxis to a muscle relaxant. The diagnosis was made after simultaneous intradermal testing (IDT), human basophil degranulation tests (HBDT) and Prausnitz-Küstner tests (PK) of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Three tests were positive in 6 patients, both IDT and PK in 9, and both IDT and HBDT in 8. In 14 patients, the IDT, repeated twice, were positive both times. A search for crossed anaphylaxis to the other muscle relaxants was carried out in all the patients during a second series of tests, a few months to years after the first one. The drugs tested, at dilutions of the pharmaceutical preparation of 10(-3) or more, were: suxamethonium, gallamine, alcuronium, pancuronium, vecuronium, d-tubocurarine. The reliability of IDT in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis is discussed in terms of the small reactive concentration, the producibility of the tests, the one HBDT that did become positive later, and in one case the occurrence of shock by crossed anaphylaxis. Skin reactivity seemed to remain constant with time, so allowing the use of IDT as a diagnostic tool, in cases of old anaphylactoid shocks, occurring during general anaesthetics. The frequency of crossed anaphylaxis was assessed to be about 84%. The sensitivity to one or other drugs varied with each patient. Pancuronium and vecuronium appeared to be the least likely drugs to cause crossed anaphylaxis. The predictive use of these tests is discussed. It is also suggested that muscle relaxants with only one quaternary ammonium group should be used, this chemical characteristic probably reducing the risks of sensitization.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reactivity of toxoplasmin intradermal test in neurotic and manic-depressive patients].

Fifty patients with manic-depressive psychosis, 120 neurotics and 100 healthy individuals were studied. They underwent the toxoplasmin intradermal test. The highest percentage of reactors was found among patients with manic-depressive psychosis (66,0%). Patients with depressive neurosis accounted for the highest number among neurotics (55,6%). The intensity of reaction was higher among patients with manic-depressive psychosis. Neurotic patients were compared to schizophrenic patients from a previous study conducted by one out of the authors. It is concluded that the percentage of reactors is higher among patients with depressive mental disorders, and also that this percentage increases with mental deterioration in patients.

Antigens↗
PubMed2002

Systemic anaphylaxis induced by intradermal testing.

We report the case of a patient who was referred for suspected anaphylaxis with anesthetic drugs. Gallamine was diagnosed the responsible drug and our patient developed anaphylaxis during intradermal testing (IDT) with this compound. IDT should be monitored carefully.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of results for intradermal testing between clinically normal horses and horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in response to ID injection of histamine, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and Aspergillus organisms between clinically normal horses and horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). ANIMALS: 5 healthy adult horses and 5 adult horses with RAO. PROCEDURE: Intradermal testing (IDT) was performed on the neck with 2 positive control substances (histamine and PHA) and a mixture comprising 5 Aspergillus species. Four concentrations of each test substance plus a negative control substance were used. Equal volumes (0.1 mL) of each test substance were prepared to yield 15 syringes ([4 concentrations of each test substance plus 1 negative control substance] times 3 test substances) for each side of each horse (ie, 30 syringes/horse). Intradermal injections were administered; diameter of wheals was recorded 0.5, 4, and 24 hours after injection. RESULTS: Hypersensitive responses to ID injection of histamine were detected 0.5 hours after injection, and a delay in wheal formation after ID injection of Aspergillus mixture 24 hours after injection was detected in RAO-affected horses but was not observed in clinically normal horses. No differences were detected between the 2 groups after ID injection of PHA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RAO-affected horses are hypersensitive to histamine, suggesting that RAO is associated with a heightened vascular response to histamine. Higher concentrations of Aspergillus mixture may be needed to detect horses that are sensitive to this group of antigens. Wheal reactions to Aspergillus may be a delayed response, suggesting that IDT results should be evaluated 0.5, 4, and 24 hours after ID injection.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of intradermal test in longitudinal surveillance of bancroftian filariasis.

Longitudinal surveillance was carried out consecutively during 1982-1987 in two pilot villages where bancroftian filariasis was prevalent in different severity before 1982. Intradermal test (IT) with filaria polypeptide (FPT) antigen prepared from Dirofilaria immitis was made. It was shown that the level of immediate hypersensitivity reaction to the antigen in population as shown by IT appeared to be directly proportional to both the prevalence of the disease and the infection rate of mosquitoes harbouring larval filariae before mass and selective treatment with diethylcarbamazine. Time for negative conversion of IT after chemotherapy was significantly longer in previous microfilaraemic patients than that in amicrofilaraemic cases. The selected three criteria of IT used in filariasis surveillance, namely, the positive rate, frequency of strong reaction and positive conversion rate, were diminished gradually after chemotherapy year by year, so that the three criteria were demonstrated to be useful for longitudinal surveillance of lymphatic filariasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of three different histamine concentrations in intradermal testing of normal cats and attempted determination of 'irritant' threshold concentrations for 48 allergens.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal histamine concentration and 'irritant' allergen threshold concentrations in intradermal testing (IDT) in normal cats. Thirty healthy cats were tested with three different histamine concentrations and four different concentrations of each allergen. The optimal histamine concentration was determined to be 1: 50,000 w/v (0.05 mg mL(-1)). Using this histamine concentration, the 'irritant' threshold concentration for most allergens was above the highest concentrations tested (4,000 PNU mL(-1) for 41 allergens and 700 PNU mL(-1) for human dander). The 'irritant' threshold concentration for flea antigen was determined to be 1:750 w/v. More than 10% of the tested cats showed positive reactions to Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, housefly, mosquito and moth at every allergen concentration, which suggests that the 'irritant' threshold concentration for these allergens is below 1,000 PNU mL(-1), the lowest allergen concentration tested. Our results confirm previous studies in indicating that allergen and histamine concentrations used in feline IDT may need to be revised.

Allergens↗
PubMed1999

Intradermal testing for food and chemical sensitivities: a double-blind controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Confirming adverse reactions to foods and chemicals is fundamental in providing a basis for diagnosis and treatment of patients with reported environmental sensitivities. Provocation-neutralization testing is widely used in this respect but has not been thoroughly evaluated, therefore remaining a controversial and unproven technique. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the validity of intradermal testing for evaluation of reported adverse reactions to a variety of incidents within the patient population at the Nova Scotia Environmental Health Centre. METHODS: A total of 132 people who were referred to the Nova Scotia Environmental Health Centre, a dedicated government-funded research and treatment facility for suspected environmental sensitivities, were tested by the technique of provocation-neutralization by the guidelines set out by the American Academy of Environmental Medicine. A panel of 13 foods, 9 chemicals, and 4 placebos (normal saline solution) was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized study. Symptoms and skin reactions were recorded, and response rates were determined for all substances, including saline solution injections. RESULTS: Seventy percent of the patients reported symptoms to 1 or more of the 4 saline solution injections. In comparison, 15% of patients experienced a skin reaction (wheal) to 1 or more injections of saline solution. Only 5% of individuals experienced a wheal to more than 1 saline solution injection, although 40% of the patients reported symptoms to more than 1 saline injection. Patients who experienced 1 or more reactions (wheal or symptoms) to saline solution were more reactive to injected allergens, on average reacting to 67% of active substances. Patients who experienced no reaction to the saline solution did experience a reaction to 48% of injected substances on average. Reaction by symptoms to foods, chemicals, and normal saline solution showed a random pattern, although wheal reactions showed a distinct pattern. Subsequent observations have indicated that experiencing no reaction to previous saline solution injections does not accurately predict response to saline solution in later testing. Some individuals who did not experience a reaction to saline solution in an initial screening later experienced a reaction to saline solution during further testing. CONCLUSIONS: Provocation of symptoms in usual testing conditions is not a useful tool for discriminating between reactions to saline solution and reactions to specific chemicals or foods. Skin response alone may be a more reliable indicator and will require cross-validation with other tests, such as oral and inhalation challenges and comparison with a control population. Heightened sensitivity and chaotic responses may be a feature of chemical sensitivity. Meanwhile, the results of provocation-neutralization testing, using symptoms alone as an indicator of neutralization, should not be used as a basis for clinical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Intradermal testing with the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae in normal dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis in Colorado.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate reactions to intradermal injections of Tyrophagus putrescentiae extract in healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis and to compare the prevalence of positive reactions in the two groups. Twenty-one healthy dogs and 26 atopic dogs were tested intradermally with T. putrescentiae extract at 1000, 500, 250, 125, 63, 32 and 16 PNU/mL. Reactions were evaluated objectively and subjectively. A Mann-Whitney test was used to determine differences in grade of reaction to storage mites between healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis. Positive reactions to storage mite extract were most common at 1000 PNU/mL with approximately one third of normal and atopic dogs showing a positive reaction to T. putrescentiae. There was no significant difference in the incidence of positive reactions between normal and atopic dogs for any of the Tyrophagus extract concentrations.

Acaridae↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of systemic immunologic hyperreactivity after intradermal testing in horses with chronic laminitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether systemic immunologic hyperreactivity exists in horses with chronic laminitis, compared with responses for nonlaminitic horses. ANIMALS: 7 nonlaminitic horses and 7 CL horses. PROCEDURE: In experiment 1, intradermal testing (IDT) was performed on 7 nonlaminitic and 7 CL horses to evaluate the response to a combination of 70 allergens at 15 and 30 minutes and 4 and 24 hours after injection. Three nonlaminitic and 3 CL horses used in experiment 1 were used in experiment 2 to determine whether histologic differences existed between the 2 groups. The H&E-stained tissue sections were evaluated on the basis of 3 criteria. For all analyses, 2-sample t-tests were used to determine significant differences between the groups. RESULTS: In experiment 1, CL horses had significantly higher total responses to IDT than nonlaminitic horses at the first 3 time periods. Also, CL horses had significantly fewer total scores of 0 than nonlaminitic horses at all time periods, except at 24 hours. In experiment 2, we did not detect significant differences between groups for any criterion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results support the hypothesis that CL horses develop hyperreactivity to various antigenic stimuli, compared with responses for nonlaminitic horses. Therefore, the possibility that antigenic challenge may result in exacerbation of clinical signs of laminitis should be discussed with horse owners. Chronic laminitis should also be a consideration when a horse becomes lame following antigenic challenges.

Allergens↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnostic usefulness of intradermal test for clonorchiasis in patients with pancreatobiliary diseases].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnosis of clonorchiasis is based on demonstrating eggs in stool or bile. It is believed that bile examination is the most precise method for detecting eggs. We evaluated diagnostic usefulness of intradermal test (IDT) by comparing it with the result of bile examination. METHODS: For 88 patients with pancreatobiliary diseases, we examined Clonorchis sinensis eggs in bile and performed IDT for clonorchiasis. The bile was obtained from endoscopic nasobiliary or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tubes. RESULTS: We calculated ROC curve to decide the cut-off value of IDT in determining diagnostic accuracy on the basis of bile examination. We chose a value of 40 mm2, which significantly improved the sensitivity, without reducing the specificity. With a cut-off value of 40 mm2, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of IDT were 81.5%, 67.2%, 52.4%, and 89.1%, respectively. The value of IDT was not affected by age and showed no difference between benign and malignant diseases. However, in egg-positive patients, the mean value was lower in malignant diseases than in benign diseases. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with pancreatobiliary diseases, IDT with a cut-off value of 40 mm2 seems to be a valuable supplementary diagnostic test for clonorchiasis in view of its high sensitivity.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Anaphylaxis to muscle relaxants: cross-sensitivity studied by radioimmunoassays compared to intradermal tests in 34 cases.

Thirty-four patients (31 female and three male patients) with a previous anaphylactoid shock to muscle relaxants were investigated. The seric antimyorelaxant IgE was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the results were compared to intradermal test (IDR) reactions to dilutions of the commercial drugs. The RIA was carried out with a Sepharose-myorelaxant solid phase and anti-IgE 125I-labeled IgG. The results corresponded to the percentage of labeled anti-IgE bound on the solid phase. The RIA with Sepharose-alcuronium and Sepharose-choline was estimated positive from determination with normal sera (n = 12) when bound IgE was greater than 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively. The RIA and IDR were positive in 43.5% and 75%, respectively, of the cases, with a concordance of 66%. One test at least was positive in 79.4% of the cases. No correlation was found between IgE seric levels and the RIA nor between the cutaneous sensitivity and the RIA. Cross-reactivity with Sepharose-choline and Sepharose-alcuronium was observed in 50%, and it was demonstrated by IDR in only 34.2%. The RIA demonstrated the specificity of IgE to quaternary ammonium compounds as myorelaxant drugs. The positive IDR revealed the bridging of mast cell-bound specific IgE, depending on structural conditions, such as the flexibility of the molecules or the variable specificity of the antibodies, restricted to quaternary ammonium ions or enlarged to a broader part of the incriminated molecules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Bovine experimental paracoccidioidomycosis intradermic test standardization.

Three intratesticulary inoculated bovines revealed to be susceptible to experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. The experimental infection was self limited with no tendency to dissemination during a follow up period of five months. The histopathologic lesions characterized by granulomatous inflammatory foci, associated or not to necrosis, were found in the testicles, spermatic cords and testicular tunicae. In some of both lesions types the yeast cells of P. brasiliensis were present. The experimental infection did not cure in a follow up period of five months. The immunological response either cellular or humoral were delayed in relation to what happens in other animal species. The three experimentally infected bovines were utilized for some standardization of the paracoccidioidin intradermic test. A type and dose of an antigen which gives a clear reading for the positive tests was determined. The humoral responses were detected mainly by the complement fixation reaction. It was not possible to demonstrate humoral antibodies by the agar immunodiffusion test.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reactivity of the intradermal test with toxoplasmosis in schizophrenic patients].

A hundred schizophrenic patients admitted to the "10 de Octubre" Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital and 158 schizophrenic patients admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital, both in Havana, and 100 control healthy individuals who did not consume psychopharmacons were studied. They underwent intradermal tests with toxoplasmin. Differences in reactor percentages between patients and healthy individuals were statistically significative as it has been reported in the foreign medical literature. The highest percentage of reactors in the group admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital where most advanced schizophreniacs are found leads to the conclusion that the more severe the patient state the higher the frequency and intensity of test reactivity among patients. Other factors as the dwelling conditions, age and sex are analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Results of intradermal tests in horses without atopy and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE: To compare results of intradermal tests (IDT), conducted using environmental allergens, in horses without atopy and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ANIMALS: 38 horses (22 horses without atopy and 16 horses with COPD). PROCEDURE: All horses were examined (physical examination, hematologic examination, serum biochemical analyses, examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). An IDT was conducted, using a full panel of 73 allergens consisting of grasses, weeds, trees, molds, and insects. Results of the IDT were evaluated 30 minutes and 4, 6, and 24 hours after injection of allergens. Horses without atopy were euthanatized, and gross and histologic changes of lung parenchyma were assessed. RESULTS: Horses without atopy had a greater number of positive immediate and late-phase reactions than did horses with COPD. Horses with COPD did not have a significantly greater number of positive reactions than horses without atopy at any time period for any allergen group (grasses, weeds, trees, molds, and insects). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Positive results of IDT document allergen-specific hypersensitivity but do not necessarily distinguish clinically relevant reactions from subclinical reactivity in horses with COPD. Interpreting the clinical relevance of results of IDT requires a thorough knowledge of the medical history, physical examination findings, and environment of each animal.

Allergens↗
PubMed1959

Clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis in the Republic of Korea. Report on a prevalence survey using intradermal tests.

Until recently, information on the distribution of and prevalence of infection with the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, and the lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, was based almost entirely on surveys by stool or sputum examination, involving techniques insufficiently sensitive and too costly and time-consuming to allow of really adequate coverage. However, a simple and reliable intradermal test for these infections has now been developed, based on the use of purified antigens, and this has been used in a survey of nearly 10 000 persons in the Republic of Korea. The results show that the spread of these infections is much wider than had previously been thought. It is estimated that in South Korea alone some 4.5 million people are infected with clonorchiasis and up to 1.5 million with paragonimiasis-a public health problem of considerable magnitude.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intradermal tests with vasomotor agents in chronic noninfectious rhinitis].

The aim of this prospective study was to examine the skin reactivity to four vasomotor agents in chronic, non-infectious rhinitis patients, and to determine whether non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) patients differ from allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Seventy four patients with NAR and 44 with AR were subjected to intradermal testing with papaverine (5 mg/ml), metacholine (0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 mg/ml), histamine (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms/ml), compound 48/80 (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms/ml) and saline. It was found that the frequency of pathological skin reactivity to papaverine in the patients with NAR (25/74) was significantly greater (p = 5.0 x 10(-3)) then in the patients with AR (4/44). No significant inter-group difference in skin reactivity to metacholine, histamine, compound 48/80 and saline was observed. The frequency of the total pathological skin reactivity to vasomotor agents, singly and in combinations, in patients with NAR (80%) was significantly greater (p = 0.03) than in patients with AR (61%). These findings suggested that the pathological skin reactivity to papaverine, metacholine, histamine and compound 48/80 was a feature of chronic, non-infectious rhinitis patients and it was more frequently associated with non-allergic than with the allergic etiology of rhinitis.

Adolescent↗