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PubMed2004

Factors which influence physicians to join labor unions.

As members of a fiercely independent and individualistic profession, physicians have historically resisted the lure of organizing into collectives and have steadfastly maintained their autonomy. With the advent of managed care, the conditions of work have been altered and many of the assumptions guiding unions and collective bargaining have taken on renewed interest. Proponents of organizing physicians argue that unions can act as representative agents for health care providers to negotiate effectively with managed care organizations (MCO), insurance companies and government for conditions of work to help make their practice of medicine better for patients. Many physicians who previously rejected the notion of unions have reconsidered their entrenched positions and are beginning to weigh the costs and benefits associated with union membership.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Local labor unions' positions on worksite tobacco control.

OBJECTIVES: This report describes local unions' positions on tobacco control initiatives and factors related to these positions. METHODS: A national random sample of local union leaders was surveyed by telephone. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of local unions supported worksite smoking bans or restrictions, and only 8% opposed both a ban and a restriction. CONCLUSIONS: Support for tobacco control initiatives among local unions was higher than might be expected on the basis of previous evidence. Engaging unions in smoking policy formation is likely to contribute to the larger public health goal of reducing smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke among workers.

Attitude↗
PubMed2005

The recognition of silicosis: labor unions and physicians in the Chilean copper industry, 1930s-1960s.

By the late 1930s, silicosis had become one of the most important occupational diseases in Chile. It was a medical and scientific problem, and a favorite topic in medical congresses; in Chile, a mining country, it also had serious political and economic implications. The recognition of silicosis did not happen in a vacuum, but was part of a national debate on the social role of the state and its responsibility toward working people's health and safety. This article traces the history of silicosis as an occupational disease from the late 1930s to the late 1960s, and argues that the recognition of the disease was the result of a medical, labor, and political struggle.

Chile↗
PubMed1988

Affirmative action by labor unions to increase equality in the work environment.

Despite the major legislative and contractual gains made by women in the area of equality of opportunity, women continue to be employed in occupations and positions which are inferior to those of males. Their value is underestimated and indeed their contributions are often "invisible" in terms of social and monetary recognition. The author of this social essay describes several situations where the "invisibility" of women's work has lead to severe social stress. She provides concrete examples and suggestions for change and for making women's work socially "visible."

Female↗
PubMed1975

Cost-financed mental health facility. II. Utilization profile of a labor union program.

Specific data are presened concerning the utilization profile of a cost-financed mental health facility. The utilization is enhanced by a mental health education campaign, but total utilization remains within manageable limits (13 per 1000). The visit rate is 8.5 units per patient and remains well within the plan's dollar limits. Comparison between utilizers and the population from which they are drawn shows disproportionate numbers of males in contrast to other outpatient insurance studies. This may be a unique feature of work-related programs. "Acting out" disorders are more common among these workers than in other psychiatric programs in the same geographic area.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1975

Cost-financed mental health facility. I. Clinical care pattern in a labor union program.

Cost-financed mental health facilities create opportunities for new patterns of mental health service analogous to community mental health centers in some ways and to HMOs in others. This paper describes the first facility based on such financing. The concept of cost-financed mental health practice is introduced and defined as including a multidisciplinary team serving a defined population of enrollees through prepaid or prebudgeted financing. The financing may be capitation based or generated through an agreed-upon budget for predefined services. Ordinary fee-for-service insurance creates purchasing power but not care system. Cost financing can create service mechanisms. The paper describes the clinical system made possible through such financing. The direct patient service systems for the United Auto Workers at the Johns Hopkins Hospital funded through cost financing included an early case-finding program, intake and evaluations specially designed for blue-collar workers, a full range of continuous treatment modalities, and programs in chronic care and rehabilitation. Programs in prevention, consultation, and education were also included. Conern is described. The authors conclude that this clinical form has the potential to offer both the advantages of the community mental health center and of the private practice system.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

Openings in the wall: transnational migrants, labor unions, and U.S. immigration policy.

"This article seeks to enhance our understanding of why the United States resisted restrictionist [immigration] legislation in the late twentieth century during times when one may have expected a movement toward closure, as occurred in the 1920s.... The article will supplement a state-centric approach with insights from the perspective of complex interdependence--the significance of transnational relations and the blurring of foreign and domestic politics. I will argue that the societal groups that influence the formation of U.S. immigration policy contain a transnational component, which contributes to the maintenance of relatively open legislation.... More specifically, I will argue that the transnationalization of the labor market...blurs the boundaries between foreign and domestic constituents for unions, causing unions to resist those restrictionist immigration measures that impede organization of foreign-born workers. Hence, the pressures for restrictionism are weaker than anticipated by the conventional wisdom that expects labor to lobby for closure."

Americas↗