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PubMed1997

Cloning and molecular analysis of promoter-like sequences isolated from the chromosomal DNA of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356.

Promoter-like sequences from the chromosomal DNA of thermophilic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 were cloned. Analysis of the three DNA fragments showing promoter activity, designated P3, P6, and P15, were performed in Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactococcus lactis, and E. coli. The reporter cat-86 gene was expressed in all three bacterial species under control of the fragments P3 and P6. Fragment P15 showed promoter activity only in Lactobacillus reuteri and E. coli but not in Lactococcus lactis. The three host-specific transcriptional start points (TSPs) were used when transcription of the cat-86 gene was controlled by fragment P3 in Lactobacillus reuteri, E. coli, and Lactococcus lactis. Similarly, fragment P15 initiated transcription of the cat-86 gene at two distinctive sites in Lactobacillus reuteri and E. coli. Only within fragment P6, a common TSP was used in Lactobacillus reuteri and E. coli, but different from that used in Lactococcus lactis. Each TSP was preceded by the putative -35 and -10 hexamers. Computer analysis of the fragment P3 sequence revealed the existence of divergent promoter-like sequence (P3rev) located on the complementary DNA strand. Fragments P6 and P15 were also functional in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 from which chromosomal DNA they were originally cloned.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2003

The bactericidal effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus, garcinol and Protykin compared to clarithromycin, on Helicobacter pylori.

Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and lymphoma. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1J, the antibiotic clarithromycin and the natural antioxidants garcinol and Protykin (containing 50% trans-resveratrol) on Helicobacter pylori strain ATCC 49503. The findings of this study indicate that Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1J exerts a growth inhibitory effect on H. pylori at a ratio of 1:1 or higher in vitro. In the case of clarithromycin, garcinol and resveratrol, the bactericidal effect is time and concentration dependent. Clarithromycin completely inhibited growth at > or = 62.5 microg/ml at 6 h and at > or = 31.5 microg/ml at 12 h. For garcinol the highest concentration needed for complete inhibition was 31.5 microg/ml at 6 h and 3.9 microg/ml after 12 h incubation. For resveratrol, significant inhibition was noted at 1000 microg/ml at 12 h only. The bactericidal effect of garcinol was reduced by the addition of resveratrol at all concentrations < or = 125 microg/ml at 6 and 12 h. We conclude from this study that Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1J inhibits H. pylori at 1:1 and higher ratios. Also, between the two antioxidants, garcinol is much more potent than resveratrol as a bactericidal agent against H. pylori, and that resveratrol may antagonize this effect. Finally, our study showed equivalent or better bactericidal activity of garcinol compared to clarithromycin against H. pylori at 6 and 12 h incubation, indicating a potential role for this antioxidant in treatment for H. pylori infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2005

A rare case of Lactobacillus acidophilus presenting as mitral valve bacterial endocarditis.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a gram-positive rod that is a commensal of human mucosal tissues. They are usually considered nonpathogenic flora of the mouth, gut, and female genital tract. Lactobacillus is a rare cause of endocarditis with less than 50 cases reported in the world literature to date. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman who developed native mitral valve endocarditis secondary to L. acidophilus, and examine the literature regarding this rare entity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1966

Growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the absence of folic acid.

Soska, Jirí (Kansas State University, Manhattan). Growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the absence of folic acid. J. Bacteriol. 91:1840-1847. 1966.-A chemically defined medium, containing no folic acid, was used for the cultivation of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26. In such a medium, the organism required thymine in addition to a deoxyriboside, purines, pyrimidines, and most amino acids. If thymine was present in this medium, an unlimited exponential growth was possible. The influence of the components of this medium on the growth is described. The concentration and type of adenine compounds in this medium were most important. Adenine and adenosine inhibited utilization of thymine, but not of thymidine, whereas adenylic acid inhibited recovery from amino acid starvation. In the absence of thymine or deoxyribosides, cells continued to grow in length, and after 3 hr a slow decline in viable count ensued.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1999

New binding assay and preparative trial of cell-surface lectin from Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria.

To select Lactobacillus acidophilus group bacteria as a probiotic yogurt starter, we designed a new screening method that measures the binding activity of surface layer protein to rat colonic mucin, which contains sugar chains similar to those in human colonic mucin. The B1 subgroup (Lactobacillus gasseri), which is the dominant strain in the human intestinal tract, showed the highest binding activity to rat colonic mucin among all the subgroups of L. acidophilus. The binding activity of the surface layer protein was also shown to be significantly reduced after periodate oxidation of the rat colonic mucin. This new screening method is useful for rapid selection of L. acidophilus strains that have high adhesion to the human intestinal tract. Lectin-like proteins that were bound to rat colonic mucin were isolated from the surface layer proteins with a rat colonic mucin-coated membrane and were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. A few main bands together with several minor bands were observed on the electrophoretograms obtained from the strains tested. It is possible that those lectin-like proteins contribute to adhesion of the bacterial cell to human colonic mucosa by binding specifically to carbohydrate portions.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Comparisons of freshly isolated strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus of human intestinal origin for ability to assimilate cholesterol during growth.

Fecal isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were obtained from human volunteers and tested for bile tolerance, the ability to deconjugate bile salts, and the ability to assimilate (take up) cholesterol during growth. One hundred and twenty-three of the 304 isolates of lactobacilli obtained were identified as L. acidophilus. In most cases, isolates of L. acidophilus from the same volunteer varied significantly in the amount of cholesterol assimilated, bile salt deconjugated, and bile tolerance. The two cultures from each of nine volunteers that assimilated the most cholesterol were compared as a group to select the most active cultures. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 (an isolate from the intestines of a pig, which in an earlier study aided significantly in controlling serum cholesterol in pigs) was included in this comparison. Significant variation in the ability to assimilate cholesterol was observed among these isolates from different volunteers. Eight of 17 isolates assimilated numerically but not significantly more cholesterol than L. acidophilus ATCC 43121, and 4 isolates assimilated significantly less. Bile tolerance and bile salt deconjugation also varied significantly among the selected isolates. Six of the selected isolates were quantitatively but not significantly better able to deconjugate bile salts than L. acidophilus ATCC 43121, but none was significantly more bile tolerant. Based on characteristics tested, isolates B7, D3, L1, 016, and 017 have the most potential of those included in this study for use as dietary adjuncts to lower human serum cholesterol.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1985

Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Considerable variation was found among strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the fecal flora of pigs with regard to the ability to grow well in the presence of bile and to assimilate cholesterol from a laboratory growth medium. The uptake of cholesterol occurred only when the culture(s) was growing in the presence of bile under anaerobic conditions. Consumption of L. acidophilus RP32, which was selected for its ability to grow well in the presence of bile and to assimilate cholesterol from the laboratory medium, significantly inhibited increases in serum cholesterol levels of pigs (P less than 0.05) fed a high-cholesterol diet. Consumption of L. acidophilus P47, which was selected for its ability to grow in the presence of bile and lack of ability to remove cholesterol from the growth medium, failed to have a similar effect. This indicates that certain strains of L. acidophilus act directly on cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus may be beneficial in reducing serum cholesterol levels.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1996

Characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains for use as dietary adjunct.

Seven Lactobacillus acidophilus strains were studied for their morphology, biochemical properties, growth behaviour, bile tolerance, cholesterol uptake and survival at low pH. The strains significantly differed in their biochemical and beneficial traits. The strains which exhibited cholesterol uptake and ability to grow in the presence of 0.3% bile salt also utilized mannitol.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Purification and some properties of acidocin 8912, a novel bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus TK8912.

Acidocin 8912, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus TK8912, was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive chromatographies on CM-cellulose, Sephadex G-50, Sephadex G-25, and reversed-phase HPLC on Aquapore RP-300. The purified acidocin 8912 migrated as a single band on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight was estimated to be 5200 by SDS-PAGE, and 5400 by HPLC gel filtration on TSKgel G3000PWXL. Both the amino acid composition and the N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis indicated that acidocin 8912 was a peptide composed of presumably 50 amino acids containing a Lys residue at the N-terminus. The purified acidocin 8912 showed a bactericidal effect on sensitive cells but not a bacteriolytic effect.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

Incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121.

Cholesterol that was assimilated by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 was not metabolically degraded; most of it was recovered with the cells. Cells that were grown in the presence of cholesterol micelles and bile salts were more resistant to lysis by sonication than were those grown in their absence, suggesting a possible alteration of the cell wall or membrane. Cholesterol assimilation occurred during growth at pH 6.0 as well as during growth without pH control. Part of the cholesterol that was assimilated by cells was recovered in the membrane fractions of cells grown under both conditions. There was no difference in the amount taken up from cholesterol micelles that were prepared using dioleoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine or distearoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine. Thus, the type of fatty acid (unsaturated or saturated) in the phospholipid did not influence the assimilation. As the amount of Tween 80 in the growth media increased beyond 0.05%, cholesterol uptake decreased, and the amount of growth remained the same. The higher concentrations of Tween 80 may have adversely affected the permeability of the cells.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMed1973

Some properties of the autolytic N-acetylmuramidase of Lactobacillus acidophilus.

The autolytic N-acetylmuramidase present in Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 63 AM Gasser has an optimal pH between 5 and 6 when lysing intact cells or isolated cell walls. Cellular lysis at pH 5 is two to four times more rapid in citrate buffer of 0.01 M and 0.5 M or higher than in 0.1 M acetate buffer. It seems that sulfhydryl groups are required for both cell and wall autolysis. Heavy metal ions and p-chloro-mercuribenzoate, at low concentrations, are powerful inhibitors. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid stimulates cellular but not wall autolysis in acetate buffer to the level obtained in citrate buffer. The possible involvement of sulfhydryl groups in a mechanism of control of cellular autolytic activity is discussed. The autolytic enzyme, although unstable in solution at 37 C, can be extracted from walls by the use of solutions of bovine serum albumin (100 mug/ml) in 0.01 N NaOH. Soluble enzyme extracted from walls rebinds on to sodium decylsulfate-treated walls, but three times as much of the wall material is required to completely re-adsorb the activity.

Acetates↗

PubMed1991

Purification and partial characterization of lactacin F, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus 11088.

Lactacin F, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus 11088 (NCK88), was purified and characterized. Lactacin F is heat stable, proteinaceous, and inhibitory to other lactobacilli as well as Enterococcus faecalis. The bacteriocin was isolated as a floating pellet from culture supernatants brought to 35 to 40% saturation with ammonium sulfate. Native lactacin F was sized at approximately 180 kDa by gel filtration. Column fractions having lactacin F activity were examined by electron microscopy and contained micelle-like globular particles. Purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in a 474-fold increase in specific activity of lactacin F. The purified bacteriocin was identified as a 2.5-kDa peptide by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The lactacin F peptide retained activity after extraction from SDS-PAGE gel slices, confirming the identity of the 2.5-kDa peptide. Variants of NCK88 that failed to exhibit lactacin F activity did not produce the 2.5-kDa band. Sequence analysis of purified lactacin F identified 25 N-terminal amino acids containing an arginine residue at the N terminus. Composition analysis indicates that lactacin F may contain as many as 56 amino acid residues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Testing two Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains for their suitability as a lipoid probiotic.

Two strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus T-135 and Lactobacillus plantarum 4/97) were selected in order to study their inhibitory properties against frequent udder pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus pumilus), their production of organic acids as well as their ability to survive on the teat skin, the teat duct mucosa and in a lipoid emulsion. Both strains inhibited the tested pathogenic microbes and survived on the investigated surfaces and in an emulsion for more than 6 hours and 11 days, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Efficacy of tyndalized Lactobacillus acidophilus in acute diarrhea.

OBJECTIVE: A double-blind randomized controlled-trial was done to evaluate the efficacy of tyndalized Lactobacillus acidophilus in acute diarrhea. METHODS: All children from 6 months to 12 years with acute diarrhea were included. Lactobacillus acidophilus/placebo was given to the children for 3 days with ORS and feeds. Intake-output was recorded 4 hourly. Of the 98 children, 48 received lactobacillus and 50 the placebo. RESULTS: ORS consumed, frequency of stools, duration of diarrhea, time for rehydration, hospital stay, weight gain and IVF needed were comparable in the two study groups. There were 4 treatment failures in the lactobacillus group and none in the placebo group (OR 0.92, 95%CI 0.84-0.99). In the rotaviral diarrhea and in those who had diarrhea of less then 60 hours the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: There is no significant benefit of tyndalized Lactobacillus acidophilus in acute diarrhea.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1996

The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacitracin on layer performance of chickens and cholesterol content of plasma and egg yolk.

1. The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus alone or in combination with zinc bacitracin on the performance of laying hens was monitored over a period of 4 months. 2. Lactobacillus acidophilus improved egg production, food conversion and reduced the cholesterol concentration in the eggs, but zinc bacitracin had no effect when administered alone. 3. In combination, bacitracin had an adverse effect on the otherwise beneficial activity of the culture.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1994

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on iron bioavailability in rats.

The effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on iron bioavailability in rats was examined by the hemoglobin regeneration method. For hemoglobin depletion, female Wistar rats were fed an iron-deficient diet at 3 weeks of age for 13 days. Rats were then assigned to one of four groups, such that average blood hemoglobin value and average body weight were similar among the groups. For hemoglobin regeneration, they were fed one of two ferrous sulfate-supplemented diets that contained the following iron levels (mg/kg): 13.7 for two groups; 21.7 for the other two groups. In the two groups fed the same diet, one group additionally received oral administration of 2 ml of skim milk fortified with 0.3% yeast extract once or twice a day for 7 days, and other rats were administered with skim milk fermented by L. acidophilus SBT 2062 in the same manner. Hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE) was significantly higher in the fermented product-given rats than in the skim milk-supplied rats. There was no significant interaction in HRE between the dietary iron group and the oral administration group. These results indicate that L. acidophilus SBT 2062 is effective for increasing of iron bioavailability in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Monoassociation with Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 stimulates the immune defense mechanisms of germfree mice.

Probiotics are formulations containing live microorganisms or microbial stimulants that have some beneficial influence on the maintenance of a balanced intestinal microbiota and on the resistance to infections. The search for probiotics to be used in prevention or treatment of enteric infections, as an alternative to antibiotic therapy, has gained significant impulse in the last few years. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria in controlling infection by intestinal pathogens and in boosting the host's nonspecific immune response. Here, we studied the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from a human newborn from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as a probiotic. A suspension containing 10(8) cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 was inoculated into groups of at least five conventional and germfree Swiss mice to determine its capacity to stimulate the host mononuclear phagocytic activity. We demonstrate that this strain can survive the stressing conditions of the intestinal tract in vivo. Moreover, the monoassociation of germfree mice with this strain for seven days improved the host's macrophage phagocytic capacity, as demonstrated by the clearance of a Gram-negative bacterium inoculated intravenously. Monoassociated mice showed an undetectable number of circulating E. coli, while 0.1% of the original inoculum was still present in germfree animals. Mice treated with viable or heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 presented similarly improved clearance capacity when compared with germfree controls. In addition, monoassociated mice had twice the amount of Kupffer cells, which are responsible for the clearance of circulating bacteria, compared to germfree controls. These results suggest that the L. acidophilus strain used here stimulates a nonspecific immune response and is a strong candidate to be used as a probiotic.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Use of modified Lactobacillus selective medium and Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium for differential enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in powdered nutritional products.

Modified Lactobacillus selective agar (APT agar + sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid; mLBS) was compared to selective modified Lactobacillus selective medium (LBS agar + tomato juice and acetic acid; mLSM) and nonselective de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar for the enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic-containing powdered nutritional products. The mLBS agar was equivalent to MRS agar and superior to the mLSM agar for enumerating L. acidophilus in products stored in sealed cans at 22 degrees C. When samples were analyzed for L. acidophilus concentration after high temperature storage in sealed cans or storage in open cans at high relative humidity, the mLBS and MRS agars were highly correlated (r2 = 0.93). Modified Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium (12.5 mg iodoacetic acid/liter; mBIM) was compared to MRS agar + bile, cysteine, and dicloxacillin (MRS + BCD) for enumerating Bifidobacterium infantis or Bifidobacterium lactis in the nutritional products. The two media were equivalent for enumerating B. infantis in product stored at 22 degrees C in sealed cans. However, the two media were poorly correlated (r2<0.50) for enumeration of B. infantis and B. lactis in products stored in sealed cans at high temperature or in open cans at high relative humidity. The mLBS medium has potential industry application as a relatively inexpensive, convenient differential enumeration method for L. acidophilus. The mBIM medium cannot be recommended as a sole medium for enumeration of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. in powdered nutritional products stored under high temperature and/or high relative humidity conditions.

Agar↗