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PubMed1972

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. 8. Computer applications in hospital departmental libraries.

To test the hypothesis that a standard library system could be designed for hospital departmental libraries, a system was developed and partially tested for four departmental libraries in the Washington University School of Medicine and Associated Hospitals. The system from determination of needs through design and evaluation, is described. The system was limited by specific constraints to control of the monograph collection. Products of control include catalog cards, accessions list, new book list, location list, fund list, missing book list, and discard book list. Sample data form and pages from a procedure manual are given, and conversion from a manual to an automated system is outlined. The question of standardization of library records and procedures is discussed, with indications of the way in which modular design, as utilized in this system, could contribute to greater flexibility in design of future systems. Reference is made to anticipating needs for organizing departmental libraries in developing regional medical library programs and to exploring the role of the departmental library in a medical library network.

Computers↗

PubMed2025

A CRISPR/Cas9 mutant resource for OsSm RNA-binding genes in rice.

Pre-mRNA, produced by eukaryotic DNA transcription, undergoes splicing by the spliceosome, which removes introns and joins exons to form mRNA. The spliceosome is a large and highly dynamic molecular machine. Its core components include five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and the various spliceosome-related proteins. The conserved Smith (Sm) complex and the Sm-like proteins (LSm) serve as primary components of the snRNPs. Sm proteins are involved in processes such as pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA degradation, which can regulate gene expression, thereby influencing plant growth, development, and stress responses. While 25 Sm proteins have been identified in rice, their specific roles in regulating rice growth and development remain unclear. In this study, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit 15 OsSm genes, and 13 mutants were obtained, with mutation rates ranging from 20.83 to 83.87%. In comparison to the wild type (WT), the mutants exhibited dwarfism, reduced tiller numbers, lower seed-setting rates or sterility, and increased susceptibility to diseases. One Sm mutant, ossmf-2, exhibited dwarfism, delayed flowering, and small grains. Through transcriptome analysis, three target genes, OsMRG702, OsRGG2, and OsLA1, were identified. Mutations of the OsSmF protein may lead to the abnormal splicing of these genes and finally lead to the inhibition of growth and development. Our study first edited the OsSm genes and generated a mutant library in rice. Most of the mutants exhibited abnormal growth and development, underscoring the essential roles of OsSm proteins in rice physiology. Furthermore, this work addresses a critical gap in the functional characterization of Sm proteins in rice. The resulting mutant collection offers valuable germplasm resources and lays a theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular regulatory networks involving spliceosomal components and their target genes in the control of crop growth, development, and reproduction.

Oryza↗

PubMed1986

The National Library of Medicine: from MEDLARS to the sesquicentennial and beyond.

The two decades since the introduction of MEDLARS and the passage of the Medical Library Assistance Act have been especially eventful in the history of the National Library of Medicine. The library's collections and services have grown to keep pace with the expanding health sciences literature and the needs of health professionals. Networking has emerged as an invaluable method for disseminating biomedical information. NLM has assumed new responsibilities for information services in toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental health, and for research and development in biomedical communications. Research now being carried out by NLM has the potential for enhancing the library's archival programs and for improving information dissemination in support of health sciences research, education, and practice.

Forecasting↗

PubMed2026

Application of PathoChip to urine-derived nucleic acids for broad microbial profiling in men with suspected prostate cancer: setup of a methodological workflow and pilot feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: Urine-based liquid biopsy is an attractive non-invasive source of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers, but urinary microbiome studies have mainly relied on 16S rRNA sequencing or shotgun metagenomics. This pilot study optimized and evaluated a practical workflow using PathoChip - a broad-spectrum microarray designed to detect bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic signatures - for microbial profiling of urine sediments from men with suspected PCa, an application not previously established. METHODS: First-morning urine was collected without prostatic massage from 35 men scheduled for biopsy; 19 were diagnosed with PCa and 16 were biopsy-negative. Different urine volumes and extraction strategies were evaluated to optimize DNA/RNA recovery. A setup phase compared 25 ng versus 50 ng of urine DNA and RNA input. DNA/RNA isolated from human B cells was used as reference control. An analysis pipeline was developed to detect outlier probes and create a presence/absence matrix. Reproducibility was assessed via library yield, Pearson correlation, blank-control subtraction, outlier probe detection. Prevalence comparisons were performed between clinical groups. RESULTS: An 8 mL starting volume was chosen as consistently available from self-collected urine. Sequential DNA/RNA extraction using the AllPrep DNA/RNA Micro Kit from sediment provided the best balance between nucleic-acid recovery, purity, and clinical compatibility. Reducing the input from 50 ng to 25 ng preserved highly concordant hybridization profiles, with matched samples clustering together with strong correlations. Exploratory analysis revealed PCa- and grade-associated patterns involving Actinomycetaceae, Aerococcaceae, and Streptococcaceae, with Streptococcaceae enriched in PCa of higher grades (ISUP GG ≥ 2). Other signatures, including Mobiluncus, Prevotella, Rhodotorula, Hymenolepis, and JC polyomavirus, were broadly detected but not PCa-discriminating. CONCLUSIONS: PathoChip can be adapted to urine sediments, generating reproducible microbial profiles from limited DNA/RNA input without prostatic massage. This platform provides a quick and accessible approach to broad screening, extending beyond 16S rRNA sequencing by enabling simultaneous multi-kingdom detection. The observed PCa- and grade-associated patterns are hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger independent cohorts.

Pathochip↗

PubMed1982

International exchange of scientific literature by U.S. academic health sciences libraries: a literature review and survey of current activities.

This paper reports results of a literature review and survey of current international exchange activities in 124 academic health sciences libraries in the United States. It describes the extent to which those libraries engage in exchange programs, the kinds of material sent and received, and the common problems in establishing and maintaining exchange relationships. Preferences of the respondents for future exchange programs are identified and recommendations for enhancing their value are made. The work reported is being used by the Medical Library Association Ad Hoc Committee on the International Exchange and Redistribution of Library Materials to develop a more workable and effective mechanism for continuing the international exchange of scientific literature and for facilitating the dissemination of scientific information to national and international network users.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1991

A library for the fifteenth through the twenty-first centuries.

The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), began developing a program for a new library in 1977, started the design in 1985, began construction in 1988, and opened the library in September 1990. The primary objectives were to design and build a facility that would house print collections under optimal conditions, allow for ten years' growth, be flexible enough to permit future reconfiguration, support present and future technologies, and provide beautiful spaces in which to study. The planning process is summarized, planning concepts are outlined, and considerations for the electronic library are briefly reviewed.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed2026

Establishment of a CRISPR-Cas9 Library for Indica Rice and Identification of OsOPR5 (LOC_Os06g11210) as a Regulator of Root Architecture.

Functional characterization of a large number of rice genes remains a major challenge despite the availability of genome sequences and large-scale transcriptomic datasets. CRISPR-Cas9 library is a powerful approach for high-throughput targeted mutagenesis; however, its application in indica rice cultivars remains limited due to low transformation and regeneration efficiencies. In this study, we developed a CRISPR-Cas9 library targeting 12,000 rice genes and evaluated its utility for functional genomics in the indica cultivar MTU-1010. Sanger sequencing and NGS analysis of the plasmid library revealed high sgRNA coverage and more than 80% accuracy. Transformation of the developed library into the indica cultivar MTU-1010 resulted in a high target editing efficiency, with 90% of analyzed transgenic plants carrying mutations at the intended target site. Functional analysis of one homozygous mutant identified a previously uncharacterized role for OsOPR5 (LOC_Os06g11210), a member of the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase family in root architecture. The opr5 mutants exhibited significant reductions in lateral root number, seminal and crown root number, and root length, demonstrating that OsOPR5 positively regulates root system architecture in rice. Notably, endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-isoleucine levels were not significantly altered in the mutant, suggesting potential functional specialization or redundancy among rice OPR family members for JA accumulation. The root system architecture is a key determinant of water and nutrient acquisition; our results suggest that OsOPR5 may play an important role in adaptation under adverse environmental conditions. Collectively, this study establishes an efficient genome-editing platform for indica rice and identifies OsOPR5 as a novel regulator of root development.

Oryza↗

PubMed2026

Identification of genes promoting fitness of a plant-associated Salmonella Choleraesuis strain on alfalfa sprouts during cold storage.

Consumption of sprouted seeds, such as alfalfa sprouts, has increased in recent years due to their nutritional value and antioxidant content. However, these products have repeatedly been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella enterica. Although host-adapted Salmonella serovars are less frequently associated with foodborne illness, infections caused by these serovars often result in invasive and severe outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding their persistence in food production systems. Moreover, the variability among Salmonella serovars requires characterization beyond the most prevalent types to support the development of precision food safety strategies effective across the diversity of serovars capable of contaminating fresh produce. Here, a plant-internalized Salmonella Choleraesuis strain was used as a model to investigate persistence mechanisms on alfalfa sprouts. A bar-coded transposon mutant library comprising approximately 33,000 unique insertions was generated, along with a collection of individual insertion mutants. These resources were used to identify genetic determinants contributing to strain fitness on sprouts under abusive cold storage (8°C) simulating commercial shelf-life environments. Genome-wide analyses identified negative selection for mutants with insertions in eda, fabF, lpp1_2, pnp, stpA, SCHChr_03621, and two intergenic regions. Competition assays confirmed fitness defects associated with eda, encoding a key enzyme of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway; mnmG, encoding a tRNA modification enzyme involved in translational fidelity; and fabF, involved in fatty acid biogenesis. These findings provide a genome-wide perspective on mechanisms enabling persistence on sprouts of a plant-associated, host-adapted Salmonella strain during cold storage and inform risk assessment and intervention design within precision food safety frameworks.IMPORTANCEFood safety strategies are frequently based on knowledge derived from well-studied, epidemiologically relevant Salmonella serovars, yet many less frequent types still pose a risk to consumers and may contaminate fresh produce. Different Salmonella serovars may vary in the relative contribution of persistence mechanisms. Recognizing these differences is essential for improving precision food safety efforts, particularly for foods such as sprouts that are repeatedly linked to outbreaks. This study highlights that less-studied serovars can rely on both shared survival strategies and unique traits that might otherwise not be captured by current control approaches. By demonstrating that strain diversity influences persistence on fresh produce, this work supports the development of precision food safety strategies that address a broader spectrum of Salmonella, thereby improving risk assessment and helping to better protect public health.

food safety↗

PubMed1983

The Foundation. The occupational therapy library: a professional resource.

For the first time, much of the significant literature on occupational therapy has been gathered in one place so that clinicians, students, and scholars can use the collection for study, research, or browsing. The initial efforts have provided a rich resource on the history and evaluation of occupational therapy. Occupational therapy practitioners, educators, and researchers are encouraged to make use of library resources and to support the continued development of the library through donations of old and new materials. Interested persons may write or call the Occupational Therapy Library through the Association address or telephone number.

Foundations↗

PubMed2026

Structure-based drug design of small-molecule c-Myc G-quadruplex binders.

The c-Myc oncogene is crucial in tumorigenesis. Although it is a promising therapeutic target, its protein lacks a conventional drug-binding pocket, making it traditionally "undruggable". Recent studies show that the c-Myc promoter can form a G-quadruplex (G4) structure, which suppresses transcription and offers a new strategy for indirect inhibition. In this study, structure-based virtual screening was performed using the c-Myc G4 crystal structure to screen the ChemDiv compound library, aiming to identify small molecules that bind to the G4 structure. Candidate compounds were evaluated in preliminary in vitro assays for biological activity. The results showed that Y502-3888 binds to the c-Myc G4 and downregulates c-Myc expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Collectively, these findings support the potential of Y502-3888 as a c-Myc G4 binder for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), providing a foundation for future development of anticancer agents targeting the c-Myc G4.

G-Quadruplexes↗

PubMed2026

Genomic Tracking of Market-Derived Bull Shark Fins Back to Source Population of Origin.

International trade of shark fins remains difficult to monitor because products are rarely labelled to species and are often highly processed, resulting in severely degraded DNA. For several shark species listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), this limits external verification of source populations supplying global trade hubs. Here, we assess whether nuclear genomic approaches can be applied to market-derived bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) fins to determine their population of origin. We analysed dried fin trimmings collected from retail vendors in Hong Kong SAR, one of the world's largest dried shark fin trade hubs, using a targeted DArTcap single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, originally developed for population genomic studies of this species. Despite substantial DNA degradation, genomic libraries were successfully obtained for most samples, yielding sufficient SNP data to perform robust provenance and sex assignment. Using a Bayesian mixed-stock analysis, most fin samples were assigned to the Indo-West Pacific (71.4%), with smaller contributions from the western Atlantic (22.6%) and eastern Pacific (3.0%). Genetic sex assignment revealed twice as many males as females, although results indicated a conservative bias towards male assignment due to the limited number of X-linked markers available in degraded samples. Our results demonstrate that genome-wide targeted approaches can be effectively applied to highly processed shark fin products to infer population sources and sex composition. This study provides proof-of-concept for integrating genomics into shark trade monitoring, highlighting its potential to improve traceability, support CITES implementation and inform conservation and fisheries management, particularly for species with well-resolved population structure.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Information needs of practicing dentists.

Dentists, as health professionals, need access to information. As in other health sciences, the increase in the rate and volume of published information has made it more difficult for them to keep up with new developments. Five hundred randomly selected dentists in Louisiana were surveyed to determine what information dentists seek and what sources they prefer. Responses indicated that dentists need information on new techniques in dentistry and that preferred sources are professional colleagues and personal journal collections. Libraries were found to be used only infrequently as sources for information. Implications for planning libraries for applications- and technique-oriented professions are discussed.

Dentists↗

PubMed1989

Estimates of mRNA abundance in the mouse blastocyst based on cDNA library analysis.

Studies of gene expression during blastocyst formation in mouse preimplantation development have been limited by the amount of RNA available per embryo. Our present approach to this problem has been to construct a large, representative, blastocyst cDNA library in lambda gt11. Random hexadeoxynucleotides were used as primers with total blastocyst RNA serving as template. RNA collected from 4,100 32-64 cell embryos was used to generate a library with an initial size of 30 X 10(6) recombinants. By using clone frequency as a measure of relative mRNA abundance, our data support previous work on the relative and absolute amounts of actin, histone H2a, and intracisternal A particle. Furthermore, we provide estimates for the abundance of cytokeratin endo A, cytokeratin endo B, and beta-tubulin from clone frequency data. Insert sizes for isolated clones range from 200 bp to 3.6 kb with full-length or near-full-length insert sizes for selected clones, indicating that random primer methods generate cDNAs which can represent a significant portion of the mRNA. We have so far characterized products whose abundance is equal to or greater than 0.002% of total RNA. This library offers the potential for the analyses of presumptive regulatory gene products in the mouse preimplantation embryo which are represented as low abundance (less than 1% of mRNA) RNAs.

Actins↗

PubMed1978

Computerized graphic display of physiological data collected during human stereotactic surgery.

An on-line computerized graphic display has been developed for use during stereotactic operations. This depicts in the form of figurine charts and alph-numeric symbols, appropriately oriented on saggital brain diagrams, the results of serial threshold stimulation of the brain. The display facilitates choice of target sites and the data can be stored in a tape library from which search-and-plot programs can be activated for any type or combination of types of response.

Brain↗

PubMed1992

Imperatives for continuing research education: results of a Medical Library Association survey.

This paper reports the results of a survey assessing the interest of Medical Library Association (MLA) members in acquiring or improving research skills through continuing education (CE). It describes respondents' educational preparation for research and selected research activities, reviews MLA's experiences with offering CE courses on research topics, and discusses MLA's role in providing education to prepare members for research. The paper includes recommendations for improving research skills through CE and other professional activities. Topics of greatest interest to MLA members were survey development, problem identification, evaluation and cost studies, survey methodology, and methods of data collection. Many respondents preferred local courses. Academic health sciences librarians, as a group, were found to be more productive publishers than hospital librarians. Many respondents reported the availability of free or subsidized research-support services, but more than half did not. More than 90% of respondents indicated that MLA should actively encourage, require, or offer research education. A comprehensive plan for obtaining research skills through CE, along with individual self-assessment and counseling, is recommended.

Education, Continuing↗

PubMed1984

The Twins Foundation: twins take up the challenge.

Revelations about twins are abundant, but the information often is inaccessible. Therefore, The Twins Foundation, a multifaceted, international, nonprofit agency has been formed. Through development of a Research Library, Museum and Hall of Fame, it will provide archival and research support to the growing number of disciplines involved in twin studies; provide a central respository and clearing house of information about twins for the general public; enlist twin achievers to act as role models for adolescent twins; and collect information about the contributions twins have made to their societies in order to dispel still prevalent negative stereotypes about multiples.

Female↗

PubMed1982

A computer system to monitor radiology department activity: a management tool to improve patient care.

A microcomputer system has been developed and installed at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology to monitor the moment-to-moment activity in a radiology department. Data about department performances are collected, summarized, and displayed in graphs and tables on terminals at stations throughout the department. The system is currently used to monitor a wide variety of functions including patient waiting time, report production time, film-library operations, equipment maintenance, and room use. Since the displays are updated in real-time, it is possible to identify and address problems as they occur, thereby providing a method of evaluation that leads to improved performance as related to patient care.

Appointments and Schedules↗

PubMed1992

Assembly and analysis of cosmid contigs in the CEA-gene family region of human chromosome 19.

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like genes are members of a large gene family which is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The CEA family is divided into two major subgroups, the CEA-subgroup and the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG)-subgroup. In the course of an effort to develop a set of overlapping cosmids spanning human chromosome 19, we identified 245 cosmids in a human chromosome 19 cosmid library (6-7X redundant) by hybridization with an IgC-like domain fragment of the CEA gene. A fluorescence-based restriction enzyme digest fingerprinting strategy was used to assemble 212 probe-positive cosmids, along with 115 additional cosmids from a collection of approximately 8,000 randomly selected cosmids, into five contigs. Two of the contigs contain CEA-subgroup genes while the remaining three contigs contain PSG-subgroup genes. These five contigs range in size from 100 kb to over 300 kb and span an estimated 1 Mb. The CEA-like gene family was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization to map in the q13.1-q13.2 region of human chromosome 19. Analysis of the two CEA-subgroup contigs provided verification of the contig assembly strategy and insight into the organization of 9 CEA-subgroup genes.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗