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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Theory-based ability measurement: the learning abilities measurement program.

This paper briefly describes the U.S. Air Force Learning Abilities Measurement Program (LAMP), which is devoted to the development of a science-based system of ability measurement. A short history is given of ability testing and research in the military services, along with a statement of the value of ability testing for making personnel selection and classification decisions. Although few advances in ability measurement have been made in the last two decades, the present availability of micro-computers and recent progress in our understanding of human cognition create possibilities for a major breakthrough in the state-of-the-art. Examples are provided of recent LAMP studies on processing speed and processing capacity which hold promise for forecasting individual differences in learning efficiency, performance capabilities, and susceptibility to information overload. Also discussed is a program which encourages university scientists working toward the same goals to make use of U.S. Air Force subjects and testing facilities.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1996

[The vital tasks of preventive medicine].

The article discusses the actual problems of prophylaxis in common system of troops medical supply and defines the subsequent reformative ways of preventive medicine. First of all, the necessity of organized principles revision of prophylactic direction is connected with the fact of main health indices negative dynamics of Armed Forces personal, indicative of weakening of all types of prophylactic work. These are prophylactic work among recruits during their adaptation to military service conditions, prophylactic medical examination, tempering, fiscal training and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. However, we shouldn't forget about positive experience accumulated in the past, as much as possible we should use the achievements of military medical science. For further development of preventive direction of troops and fleet medical supply the priority ways of essential tasks decision of military medicine have been planned. It is necessary to connect the decision of concrete tasks with general perspective of introduction in Armed Forces of region system of servicemen medical supply.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1979

Coping with expanding nursing practice, knowledge, and technology.

Nurses utilize transcultural, transactional, systems, primary, and interdisciplinary approaches to physiological and psychosocial components of patient care. Expanded roles, as well as advances in knowledge and technology have prepared nurses for critical, specialized, primary, aerospace, and independent nursing practice. Exciting as they are, nursing's expanded roles and practices frequently contribute to the burnout and distress phenomena increasingly observed in practicing health care professionals. Causes and symptoms of the burnout distress phenomena are many and varied. Selye, Shubin, Maslach, and others adeptly identified and wrote on the phenomena as it specifically relates to nurses and the many facets of nursing practice. Rather than utilizing crisis intervention coping techniques, preventive strategies and adaptations are suggested. This paper reviews and discusses: 1. Factors associated with burnout-distress phenomena identified in professional literature; 2. Identification of factors associated with expanded roles and practice which contribute to burnout stress; 3. Identification of factors in military and civilian air ambulance and aeromedical evacuation systems which contribute to burnout stress; 4. Recommendations for strategies to prevent and cope with burnout distress factors.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2005

Combat science: the emergence of Operational Research in World War II.

World War II became known as the "wizard war" because the cycles of developing countermeasures and counter-countermeasures to the weapons deployed by all sides drove rapid technological change. However, technological innovation was not the only contribution scientists made to the war effort. Through Operational Research (OR)--the scientific scrutiny of new weapons, their deployment and relative efficiency--scientists also influenced how warfare itself was conducted. This new scientific field emerged in the UK, where it helped to tighten the defense against the Luftwaffe. It quickly spread to other aspects of the military machine, improving both antisubmarine campaigns and bombing strategy. But although this analytical approach to warfare offered military commanders a factual basis on which to base difficult decisions and deal with tactical and strategic uncertainty, it was not without controversy. Indeed, several recommendations that came out of OR sparked disputes over the allocation of resources and strategic priorities.

Aircraft↗
PubMed2000

[Diagnosis and the technology for optimizing the medical support of a troop unit].

The work is devoted to investigation of the system of military unit medical support with the use of principles and states of organizational diagnosis; development of the method allowing to assess its functional activity; and determination of optimization trends. Basing on the conducted organizational diagnosis and expert inquiry the informative criteria were determined which characterize the stages of functioning of the military unit medical support system. To evaluate the success of military unit medical support the complex multi-criteria pattern was developed and algorithm of this process optimization was substantiated. Using the results obtained, particularly realization of principles and states of decision taking theory in machine program it is possible to solve more complex problem of comparison between any number of military units: to dispose them according to priority decrease; to select the programmed number of the best and worst; to determine the trends of activity optimization in corresponding medical service personnel.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1997

[The principles of guaranteeing the quality of medical care for the wounded and ill].

The author states four main principles of maintenance of quality of the medical care to wounded and patients: a principle of conformity of preparation of the staff to soluble problems is provided by observance of the State educational standards of vocational training--carrying out the professiographic analysis of activity of the surgeons for creation of the models of the experts, perfection of the educational plans and programs; a principle of development of material base with sharp definition of priority spheres of its development for forthcoming year and use of material means for development of economic base of military-medical institutions; a principle of strict observance of modern medical technologies, based on the standards of equipment, outcomes (results of work of the medical institutions), medico-technological and medico-pharmaceutical; a principle of scientific quality management on the basis of estimation of staff-organizational structure of medical units and institutions, treatment-diagnostic technologies (processes) and the results of rendering of the medical care.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[Ergonomic bases of improving the quality of military medical equipment].

The definitions for the concepts of quality of military medical equipment (MME) sample and quality indices are given. The general ergonomic indices of the sample quality are presented. The heterogeneity of elements of "medical specialist--military medical equipment--the wounded--environment" system is shown the successful synthesis of which requires the co-ordination of technical, constructive factors, characteristics of the sample and human (personal) factors of medical specialist. The ergonomic defects typical of MME samples are revealed and the ways to improve the ergonomic characteristics of MME samples are charted. Some ergonomic aspects to improve the MME sample quality are described.

Equipment Design↗