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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

An altered lectin binding to mucus glycoprotein in goblet cells of human tracheobronchial epithelium among former mustard-gas workers.

Lectins, which are well known to have an ability to bind with specific carbohydrate residues of glycoprotein, have been used to examine cellular changes associated with malignant transformation. For the analysis of mucus glycoprotein of goblet cells in the tracheobronchial epithelium, 192 paraffin-embedded sections from 54 autopsy cases including the cases with a history of mustard-gas (MG) exposure were stained with seven plant lectins using PAP method. PNA binding with no neuraminidase treatment as well as BSA-1 binding was observed most frequently in MG-exposed lung cancer cases. The proportion of cases positive for SBA binding in MG-exposed and/or lung cancer cases had a statistical difference from non-MG-exposed non-lung cancer cases. These observations may indicate a large heterogeneity in oligosaccharide chains of mucus glycoprotein and suggest its incomplete or abnormal synthesis, which is most likely to be due to previous exposure to carcinogen, such as MG.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ocular injuries caused by mustard gas: diagnosis, treatment, and medical defense.

Sulfur mustard has been used as a vesicant chemical warfare agent. To investigate the ocular damage it causes, we studied the effects on chemical casualties in the Iran-Iraq War. The patient population consisted of more than 5,000 chemical casualties, both military and civilian. The range of ocular damage was wide. The most common ocular effects were conjunctivitis and photophobia. Patients with significant corneal involvement are at risk for corneal ulceration and rarely for anterior chamber scarring and neovascularization, any of which would result in prolonged disability. In conclusion, the eye is the organ most sensitive to sulfur mustard vapor. Ocular injuries generally heal completely. In severe cases, blindness may occur. The need for corneal transplantation is rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Concentrations of mustard gas [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide] in the tissues of a victim of a vesicant exposure.

An Iranian soldier died at a toxicological intensive care unit at Munich seven days after a vesicant exposure. At the autopsy the typical symptoms of mustard gas intoxication were found. The vesicant was detected qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the abdominal fat and quantified in the tissues and in the body fluids by the following method: (1) extraction by dichloromethane, (2) cleanup of the extracts by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica plates, (3) extractive derivatization with gold-chloride, and (4) quantitative determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). The equal extracts, after heating, served for blanks. The following concentrations were found (milligrams of mustard gas/kilograms of tissue wet weight): brain 10.7, cerebrospinal fluid 1.9, liver 2.4, kidney 5.6; spleen 1.5, lung 0.8, muscle 3.9, fat 15.1, skin 8.4, skin with subcutaneous fatty tissue 11.8, liquid from a skin blister: below detection limit, blood 1.1, and urine: below detection limit.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Late manifestations in former mustard gas workers with special reference to cutaneous findings].

We report on late cutaneous manifestations following exposition to gas (in particular N- and S-LOST) which had not been observed until within the last years. In the years 1945 to 1951, inadequate protective measures during disbandment of the "Heeresmunitionsanstalt St. Georgen" caused contamination and inhalation of these radiomimetics in about 400 persons. Apart from the still today little known pulmonal and cardiac late manifestations, the surviving persons now suffer from multiple skin tumors, such as basal cell carcinomas, Bowen's disease, Bowen's carcinoma and carcinoma spinocellulare even in unexposed parts of the skin. Moreover, there are observed spontaneous flat and partly necrotic, gangrenously imposing, very painful ulcerations with tendency to spread, which keep unaffected by all therapeutic measures. The findings have been documented historically, macroscopically, histologically as well as cytologically. Presentation of these late sequele is of particular importance since at that time containers with mustard gas had been unloaded anywhere in the FRG without any special precautions, so that also contamination of citizens has to be assumed. For this reason, similar findings are to be expected throughout the country, accumulated in certain regions. This additional aspect has also to be considered concerning the application of these radiomimetics therapy of psoriasis ("Russian ointment").

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The effects of mustard gas, ionizing radiation, herbicides, trauma, and oil smoke on US military personnel: the results of veteran studies.

Late effects of exposure to certain environmental hazards as a consequence of their active military service have become an issue of particular concern to veterans and the public at large. Approximately one out of four Americans is a veteran or a family member of a veteran. The US military develops and uses increasingly complex and sophisticated weaponry. As the military technology changes, so do the kinds of health issues to be addressed. The changing composition of military personnel, most notably the increasing number of women veterans and their expanding role into combat-related activities, will affect both the health issues to be addressed and the kind of health care to be provided. The emerging role of the military as peace-keepers in hostile but nonwar zones and as disaster-relief workers, endemic to the area and to psychological stressors unrelated to combat. The formation of a registry of military personnel exposed to potentially serious long-term health hazards would be highly advisable, whenever feasible. Such an exposure registry could serve as the basis for future medical surveillance and response to affected veterans and help avoid the kind of difficulty experienced in addressing health concerns of WWII veterans exposed to mustard gas and Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange. Close cooperation between the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense is essential in the identification of potential hazards and follow-up of affected individuals. Growing public awareness of potential occupational and environmental hazards, publicity surrounding such suspected health risks, and the limited scientific knowledge about low-level exposure to toxic substances may all lead to misunderstanding, unwarranted fear, and suspicion of government coverup. Establishment of an exposure registry of veterans may be seen as a government commitment to address the future effects of potential hazards.

Adult↗