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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Efficacy of facemask resuscitation at birth.

The efficacy of facemask resuscitation was assessed by measuring the expiratory tidal volume during the first three inflations in nine babies with birth asphyxia and comparing the results with those obtained in a further nine babies resuscitated after endotracheal intubation. The facemask system was relatively inefficient, with tidal exchange less than one third of that seen after intubation and rarely sufficient to produce adequate alveolar ventilation. Successful resuscitation depended on stimulating the baby to make his own respiratory efforts.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1996

Pregnancy and delivery after liver transplantation.

The first case of pregnancy in a patient after an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in Poland is presented. A 21-year-old woman was liver grafted 3 years prior to the pregnancy. Before having conceived the patient's graft function was stable. The woman was on immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine A and prednisolone. During pregnancy no significant changes in biochemical tests of liver function and liver blood flow were noted. Starting at the second trimester, a slight anemia occurred and the quantity of blood platelets continued to decrease, the latter having been observed immediately after the transplantation. The intrauterine growth of the fetus was monitored by ultrasound and the assessment of blood flow to the placenta was made. No abnormality was observed. In the second and third trimester the presence of HCV-RNA in the serum was found. In the 41-st week of pregnancy labor commenced. The threat of intrauterine infection indicated a cesarean delivery. The newborn weighed 4180 g and had an Apgar score of 10. The cesarean section, as well as puerperium, was normal. The immunosuppressive therapy was continued, and antibiotics were administered for prophylactic reasons. During the first month the infant was treated with antibiotics because of pneumonia and the suspicion of meningitis. Nine months after the delivery, the patient's health is satisfactory and the baby is making normal progress.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Today's dental student is training for tomorrow's elderly baby boomer.

We are constantly reminded of the exploding elderly population and the increasing demand to meet their needs. But do we fully understand and appreciate the impact that this fastest-growing segment of the population will have upon our profession? Whether we realize it or not, today's dental student is training for tomorrow's elderly baby boomer. The baby boomer generation is 76 million strong, representing 19 years worth of births spanning from 1946-1964. That makes the oldest baby boomer 55 years old and the youngest 37 years old. What does this all mean? That from 2011-2030, the age group of 65 years of age and older will make up approximately 22% of the population, vastly changing our patient population, not to mention a significant increase in patient load. The future holds promise for not only a busy career, but also potentially a financially rewarding one as well. To some extent, we are all going to be geriatric clinicians. There is little doubt that there will be a great demand for services in restorative dentistry, prosthodontic dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, oral surgery, and perhaps orthodontics. As the baby boomers benefited from fluoride and sanitation, more people have been able to maintain their dentition and health into their older years. Dental students graduating today will be only beginning the prime of their careers as the baby boomers make their introduction in full force in the year 2011.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Validity of forced expiratory flow volume loops in neonates.

It is claimed that suddenly squeezing a newborn baby's trunk with a pressure of 3-4 kPa produces a flow volume curve that can be used to measure the function of the small airways. If the squeeze is applied during expiration rather than at the end of inspiration, however, anomalous results may be obtained. One possible explanation is that the babies are limiting expiratory flow by making inspiratory efforts in response to the applied external pressure. The response of 10 healthy term neonates to forced expiration was studied by using an oesophageal balloon. The squeeze was provided by an inflatable jacket, and measurements of oesophageal pressure and jacket pressure were recorded, as well as flow and volume changes at the mouth. Two hundred and twenty one squeezes were performed at different points in the respiratory cycle. In 188 squeezes an inspiratory effort was evident before the oesophageal pressure reached a plateau (mean time to peak pressure = 155 ms). For the remaining squeezes a plateau pressure was associated with closure or narrowing of the upper airway in most of the babies. When the squeeze was applied at low lung volumes the inspiratory effort was significantly earlier and stronger than around end inspiration. Thus a baby makes a reflex inspiratory response to chest compression that may interfere with the measurement of airway function when this technique is used.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1983

Responses of the newborn infant to overheating.

The responses of newborn babies to overheating were investigated by exposing them to progressively higher incubator air temperatures until either sweating occurred or the rectal temperature reached 37.9 degrees C. 112 studies were performed on 83 healthy term and preterm infants. Activity, posture, heart rate, respiratory rate, skin colour and abdominal skin and hand temperature were monitored. Most babies regardless of gestational age became less active, and they frequently fell asleep at the warmest setting. The majority of infants altered their posture from predominantly flexion to extension. There were no significant changes in heart rate or respiratory rate. The skin of almost all the babies became redder, and the difference between central and peripheral skin temperatures decreased with warming. The pattern of these changes varied with maturity suggesting the development of vasomotor control. It is a surprising finding that even the most immature babies appear to make appropriate responses to heat stress. These responses may aid in the recognition of a baby who is too warm.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1996

[New documentation on the Robert baby bottle].

The author makes known about a dozen unpublished documents (puzzle-cards, invoice, advertisements, post card, stamped tin signs printed in colors, catalogue, prospectuses) which shed light on the history of the manufacture Robert baby bottles (located successively in Dijon, Paris and in Martres-de-Veyre) and on the practice of bottle feeding.

Advertising↗
PubMed1992

The influence of perinatal risk status on contingency learning in six- to thirteen-month-old infants.

Learning of a manipulative response was examined in 6-13-month-old well babies and in risk infants who, in the perinatal period, had experienced a range of respiratory interventions (low- and high-risk). 2 contingency conditions (contingent and yoked) were crossed with 2 locations of feedback (local and remote). Both well-baby and low-risk groups reliably discriminated between contingent and noncontingent feedback when it was presented locally, whereas high-risk babies failed to make this distinction in the conditioning phase. Risk status reliably predicted the learning performance. No response acquisition was obtained in the remote feedback condition. In extinction, the well-baby and low-risk groups decreased their responding, but the high-risk group showed an initial response burst. The findings are discussed in the context of risk-related differences in contingency awareness and frustrative nonreward. Overall, the results confirm that the effects of perinatal compromise involving respiratory complications influence infants' processing of contingency information during the first year of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal mortality in normal birth weight babies: does the level of hospital care make a difference?

Although neonatal intensive care for low birth weight infants has been extensively studied, few researchers have looked at the impact of the level of care at the delivery hospital for infants weighing greater than 2500 gm. Using linked birth-death records from Georgia for 1979 to 1982, we examined the effect that the level of care available at the hospital of delivery had on neonatal mortality in infants weighing 2500 gm and above. We used a risk scoring system designed for use with vital records to determine prepartum risk and the presence or absence of a complication of labor as indicated on the birth certificate to determine intrapartum risk. We found that women with a high prepartum risk score had increased neonatal mortality at level 1 hospitals. Women who developed a complication of labor, regardless of their prepartum risk status, had the highest neonatal mortality rates when they delivered at level 1 hospitals. We suggest prenatal risk assessment for all women and referral of high risk women to level 2 or 3 hospitals for delivery even at term.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2005

Baby boomer doctors and nurses: demographic change and transitions to retirement.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of demographic change on employment patterns for general practitioners, medical specialists and nurses since 1986, and to compare their patterns of retirement. DESIGN AND SETTING: Secondary analysis of previously unpublished Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data for the years 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age distribution of GPs, specialists and nursing workforce; attrition rates as GPs, specialists and nurses left the workforce; and hours worked according to age group. RESULTS: The age profile of the GP, specialist and nursing workforce has aged since 1986 (P < 0.001), with the "baby boomer" generation making up more than half the workforce in 2001. A large proportion of GPs continued to work beyond the traditional retirement age of 65 years, with nurses retiring at a younger age than doctors (P < 0.001). All GP cohorts worked fewer hours in 2001 than they did in 1986 (P < 0.001), with "generation X" GPs working fewer hours than the baby boomers did at the same age (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Attrition of baby boomer clinicians will place unprecedented pressure on the medical workforce, and policy makers face a critical challenge to ensure workforce needs are met over the next 20 years. Policies and incentives to encourage ongoing employment among older clinicians, albeit at reduced hours, are crucial if the Australian health workforce is to be adequate to meet the growing community demand of the 21st century.

Adult↗