PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Malocclusion, Angle Class II”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Glenoid fossa position in different facial types: a cephalometric study.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the position of the glenoid fossa in subjects with different sagittal and vertical skeletal features. A cephalometric study was carried out on a sample of 180 subjects (90 males and 90 females, aged 7-12 years) who were combined to form three groups (60 subjects each) according to skeletal sagittal relationships and three groups (60 subjects each) according to skeletal vertical relationships. Cephalometric analysis comprised both sagittal and vertical measurements for the assessment of the position of the glenoid fossa in relation to surrounding skeletal structures. As for sagittal measurements, TMJ position was more posterior in skeletal Class II when compared with skeletal Class III. In the vertical plane, the position of the glenoid fossa relative to basicranial structures was more caudal in low angle subjects when compared with subjects with normal or high angle vertical relationships. Both basicranial structures and the posterior nasal spine may be used as reference structures for the assessment of vertical position of the glenoid fossa in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2001

A validation of two orthognathic model surgery techniques.

In order to create an evidence-based orthognathic surgery planning protocol, an investigation of two popular model surgery techniques, the Lockwood keyspacer and the Eastman anatomically-orientated system was carried. This determined (a) the accuracy of positioning of the maxillary cast according to the prescribed treatment plan and (b) the relocation of the maxilla after a simulated Le Fort I down fracture osteotomy using the intermediate wafer as a guide. Fifteen patients-five Class II division 1, five Class II division 2, and five Class III-were included in the study. All the measurements were taken with Erickson's vertically mounted electronic caliper and variations from the treatment plan were analysed. The mean model surgery positioning errors +/- SD (mm) were: (i) vertical plane-Lockwood -0*8 +/- 1*6 and Eastman 0*00 +/- 1*0 (P = 0*0001); (ii) anteroposterior plane-Lockwood 1*2 +/- 1*8 and Eastman -0*1 +/- 1*4 (P = 0*05); and (iii) transverse plane-Lockwood 0*9 +/- 0*9 and Eastman 1*0 +/- 0*9 (P = 0*34). After the simulated osteotomy, the mean errors +/- SD were: (i) vertical plane-Lockwood -0*5 +/- 1*5 and Eastman 0*3 +/- 1*1 (P = 0*001); (ii) in anteroposterior plane-Lockwood 0*8 +/- 2*0 and Eastman 0*7 +/- 1*0 (P = 0*89); and (iii) transverse plane-Lockwood 0*8 +/- 0*6 and Eastman 0*7 +/- 0*5 (P = 0*83). The Eastman technique was relatively better especially in the vertical plane. The variations from the treatment plan were on the whole anatomically small, but in some cases could be clinically significant.

Dental Articulators↗
PubMed2003

Proximal segment positioning in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: intraoperative controlled positioning by a positioning splint.

PURPOSE: Most techniques of proximal segment positioning hinder intraoperative condyle displacement. However, merely maintaining condylar position cannot optimize the preoperative condyle-disc-fossa relationship. This study attempts to optimize condylar position in the osteotomy patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study group of 23 bimaxillary operated patients had intraoperative joint positioning by positioning splint and plates (9 Angle Class II, 14 Class III). After assessing the habitual and appraising the optimized condyle position on preoperative sonograms and magnetic resonance images, positioning splints were constructed as acrylic occlusal wafers in a semi-individual articulator. Set in occlusion before adaptation of positioning plates, they were intended to move the condyles into the calculated position. Eighteen bimaxillary operated control patients had conventional plate positioning according to the habitual occlusion (9 Angle Class II, 9 Class III). Clinical follow-up, axiography, or sonography was maintained for 24 months. Preoperative lateral cephalograms were scrutinized for horizontal and vertical joint spaces and compared with the immediate postoperative radiography. RESULTS: Postoperative Class II study group patients had less dorsal and more vertical joint space and Class III patients more dorsal and vertical space compared with the controls. The study group exhibited significantly less postoperative dysfunction compared with the control group (2-way analysis of variance: P <.021, F = 9.2, alpha =.05 significance level), disc dislocation prevalence was lower (P <.07, F = 9.2), postoperative changes in condylar translation were smaller (P <.014, F = 4.9), and 8% skeletal relapses versus 22% in the controls were seen. CONCLUSIONS: A proximal segment-positioning splint effectively positioned the condyle in the desired direction, but with considerable relapse, significantly reduced postoperative dysfunction, disc dislocations, changes to the condylar translation, and incidence of skeletal relapse at 24-month follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery.

We developed a new three-dimensional (3D) method of analysis of facial asymmetry and applied it to 44 patients: 20 Class III cases treated by bimaxillary osteotomy; 12 Class III cases treated by maxillary advancement alone, and 12 Class II cases treated by bimaxillary operations. 3D images were taken within a week before operation (T1), and one (T2), three (T3), and six (T4) months after operation. Landmarks were digitised on each 3D model and facial asymmetry scores were calculated. In the bimaxillary osteotomy group, facial symmetry improved after operation. In the maxillary advancement group, there was no notable improvement in facial symmetry after operation. In the bimaxillary group, facial symmetry deteriorated after operation, particularly at the tip of the nose and prominence of the chin. At six months follow-up, the changes in facial asymmetry in the three groups were not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of arch forms between Korean and North American white populations.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphologic differences in the mandibular arches of Korean and North American white subjects. The subjects were grouped according to arch form (tapered, ovoid, and square) to compare the frequency distribution of the 3 arch forms between the ethnic groups in each Angle classification. The sample included 160 white (60 Class I, 50 Class II, and 50 Class III) and 368 Korean (114 Class I, 119 Class II, and 135 Class III) subjects. The most facial portion of 13 proximal contact areas was digitized from photocopied images of the mandibular dental arches. Clinical bracket points were calculated for each tooth according to mandibular tooth thickness data, and then 4 linear and 2 proportional measurements were taken. Arch width was statistically significantly smaller in the white group than in the Korean group, but arch depth did not differ. In the Korean group, the most frequent arch form was square, whereas in the white group the tapered arch form predominated. When the subjects were regrouped by arch form, the Korean arches had a tendency to be larger and deeper than the white arches within each of the 3 arch form types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Patterns of electromyographic activity in subjects with different skeletal facial types.

Integrated electromyographic activity of masseter and anterior temporal muscles was recorded using bipolar surface electrodes in 33 young adults. Subjects were skeletally classified according to ANB angle reading corrected both for maxillary position and rotation of the jaw. Postural activity for both muscles was higher in Class III subjects than in Class I and Class II, whereas in Class I and II subjects activity was similar. During swallowing, masseter muscle activity in Class III subjects was higher than Classes I and II, whereas anterior temporal muscle activity was not different between Classes III and I. During maximal voluntary clenching, activity was not different among classes. High correlations between electromyographic activity and corrected ANB angle as well as with overjet were observed. Skeletal classification used in the present study may have clinical relevance regarding treatment and prognosis, as well as in the assessment of the relationship between muscular activity and craniofacial characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

An examination of treatment changes in children treated with the function regulator of Fränkel.

Two groups of patients, one with a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and the other with a Class III malocclusion, were treated with the Fränkel appliance. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after correction of the arch relationship. An examination of the head films with the use of a digitizer and a computer suggests strongly that the principal changes produced by the appliance are dentoalveolar. The need for a randomized controlled clinical trial is emphasized.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2005

Midfacial and mandibular morphometry of children with Class II and Class III malocclusions.

There is insufficient evidence in conventional cephalometric analysis of the actual sites of putative maxillofacial change in Class II and Class III malocclusions. The purpose of this study was to provide more information about the morphological characteristics of the midfacial complex and mandible in children with Class II or III malocclusions. Seventy children with Class II, division 1 malocclusion and 70 children with Class III malocclusion were compared with 70 children with normal occlusion. This study was conducted to carry out geometric morphometric assessments to localize alterations using Procrustes analysis and thin-plate spline analysis. Procrustes analysis indicated the midfacial and mandibular morphologies differed between normal occlusion subjects and subjects with Class II or Class III malocclusion (P<0.0001). The deformations in subjects with Class II malocclusion may represent a developmental elongation of the palatomaxillary complex and a shortening of the mandible anteroposteriorly, which leads to the appearance of a protruding midface and retruding mandibular profile. In contrast, the deformations in subjects with Class III malocclusion may represent a developmental shortening of the palatomaxillary complex and elongation of the mandible anteroposteriorly, which leads to the appearance of a retrognathic midface and prognathic mandibular profile.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of malocclusion and abnormal oral habits in North Indian rural children.

This epidemiological investigation was conducted on a sample of 3164 rural children aged 6-15 years in Raipur Rani and Naraingarh blocks in the district of Ambala in Haryana. 29. 2 percent of rural children were found to have malocclusion whereas 70.8 per cent had normal occlusion. Class I malocclusion was found to be maximum in 14.4 per cent of children, while malocclusion with class II molar relationship was observed in 13.5 per cent of children. Malocclusion with Class III molar relationship was seen in 1.3 per cent of the population studied. Three per cent of rural children were found to have abnormal oral habits, predominantly tongue thrusting and thumb sucking. The frequency distribution of abnormal oral habits in children with malocclusion was found to be 10.3 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Moebius syndrome: therapeutic proposals from 2 cases].

Moebius syndrome is a congenital bilateral palsy of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves. It results a total absence of facial expression and a severe strabismus. Social life is greatly disturbed. Other anomalies may be associated, especially other cranial palsies and Poland syndrome. The etiology of this syndrome isn't clearly established. Stem necrosis secondary to a vascular deficiency is often admitted. We report two observations. We emphasize the importance of a complete maxillo-facial treatment including maxillo-mandibular anomaly. Both patient underwent orthognathic surgery. The first one for class II and the second for class III anomaly. One patient underwent a facial reanimation by temporal muscle transfer. Orthognathic surgery must be realized prior to facial reanimation. A correction of the strabismus is possible. Moebius syndrome is a rare (200 observations) but very severe malformation. Maxillofacial surgery is able to improve the morphological and relational aspect of Moebius syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Postpharyngeal lymphoid tissue in Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions.

Opinions differ with regard to the relationship of adenoids and type of malocclusion. To study this possible relationship, xeroradiographic lateral cephalograms were made of eighty Class I (Angle) and sixty-four Class II, Division 1 (Angle) malocclusions to obtain reliable measures of the epipharyngeal lymphoid tissue, the nasopharyngeal airway, the nasopharynx, and certain cephalometric landmarks. Xeroradiographic cephalograms provide superior visualization with edge-enhancement effect for both soft and hard tissues. Electronic digitization and a comprehensive computer analysis were used to assess the head films. Significant differences were found for some of the linear and angular cephalometric criteria between the two malocclusion categories. A sexual dimorphism was observed. These skeletal and dental differences were anticipated in this mixed malocclusion sample, as prior cephalometric studies which compare different classes of malocclusion have shown. Airway space did not appear to vary with the type of malocclusion. Some low-level correlations were found between the size of the nasopharyngeal area and certain skeletal characteristics. These correlations depended on both the malocclusion type and the sex of the individual. The lateral, two-dimensional cephalogram does not seem to offer satisfactory information relating the nasopharyngeal area to Class I or to Class II, Division 1 malocclusions.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

The study of the maxillary sinus areas in different orthodontic malocclusions.

In the present study, the maxillary sinus areas have been investigated on orthopantomographs of 103 male and 86 female subjects either with ideal occlusions or with malocclusions. It has been found that malocclusions and sex factors have no effect on the size of the maxillary sinuses, and that sex is a significant factor only in Angle Class II malocclusions. The female subjects with Angle Class II malocclusions have larger maxillary sinuses than the male subjects and the other groups of female subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of Class II high angle malocclusions with the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric investigation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the results of treatment of Class II malocclusions by using two different designs of the Herbst appliance. Cephalometric records from lateral headplates of 19 consecutively treated Class II cases were evaluated. The headplates were taken before and after the treatment stage in which the Herbst appliance was used. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group, normohypodivergent, was treated with the Herbst appliance attached to bands; the second group, hyperdivergent, was treated with the Herbst appliance attached to acrylic splints in which a high-pull headgear was also used. The results were compared between these groups and with a control group age-matched from Bolton standards to match the changes in the Herbst samples against what might be expected in case of normal growth during similar periods of time. The results of the investigation revealed the following: (1) 9 months of treatment resulted in Class I dental arch relationships in all 19 cases; (2) the Herbst appliance attached to bands did not significantly modify the vertical growth pattern of the normohypodivergent patients; and (3) in hyperdivergent patients, the use of a Herbst appliance attached to acrylic splints in conjunction with the use of a high-pull headgear allowed a better control of the vertical dimension, as assessed by the cephalometric parameters (FA, FMA, Go-Gn-SN). The clinician should be aware of the different dentofacial changes induced in the vertical plane by different designs of the Herbst appliance to better program treatment strategy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Craniofacial morphology in children with Angle Class II-1 malocclusion with and without deepbite.

The craniofacial morphology of children with Class II-1 malocclusion with and without deepbite was studied and compared with that of a control group of children with normal occlusion. Common for the Class II-1 children was a short mandibular corpus, which was probably the main reason these children had a distal basal jaw relationship. The Class II children with deepbite differed from the control group in ways. They had: 1) a distal relationship between points A and B; 2) a distal relationship between points A and pogonion; and 3) a discrepancy in length between the corpora of the two jaws. These deviations discriminated nearly 95% correct between the deepbite group and the controls. The most characteristic deviations in the Class II children without deepbite, in relation to the controls, were: 1) a distal relationship between points A and B; 2) a small angle between the nasal plane and the anterior cranial base; and 3) a long mental process. These deviations discriminated about 95% correct between the experimental group and the controls. Many of the craniofacial differences between the Class II groups could, theoretically, be explained by the MP-SN angle being, on average, 9 degrees larger in the children without deepbite. Most typical was that this group has 1) a larger lower anterior face height, 2) larger maxillary and mandibular incisal heights, and 3) a more obvious distal relationship between points A and pogonion. In combination, these differences discriminated correctly between the Class II groups in 90% and 97% of the cases.

Adolescent↗