Atmospheric accessions of heavy metals to some New Zealand pastoral soils.
Total heavy metal deposition was monitored at seven rural sites across New Zealand to determine the rate of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals to soils and to evaluate any regional and temporal variations in metal deposition. Heavy metal deposition was collected monthly in Warren Spring Laboratory type inverted frisbees. The rate of heavy metal deposition followed the order Zn>>Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni>>Cd. There were no obvious trends with regards to either seasonal or spatial deposition for any of the heavy metals measured. With the exception of Zn, heavy metal deposition in New Zealand was generally lower than rates measured in other countries. This reflects the general lack of high temperature industrial processes from urban-based industrial processes that are an important source of heavy metal aerosols in other industrialised regions worldwide. The inverted frisbee technique used provides a reliable indication of the magnitude of deposition of heavy metals from the atmosphere at a reasonable cost and with manageable logistical effort for a national survey.