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PubMed2003

WiGID: wireless genome information database.

UNLABELLED: WiGID, wireless genome information database, is a new application for mobile internet and can be reached through wireless application protocol (WAP). The main purpose of WiGID is to give easy access to information on completely sequenced genomes. Genome entries in WiGID can be queried by the number of open reading frames (ORFs), genus and species name and year published. Initial search results are linked to information on the full entry. AVAILABILITY: WiGID can be accessed through WAP at http://wigid.cgb.ki.se/index.wml and through the regular internet at http://wigid.cgb.ki.se.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2003

Drag force, diffusion coefficient, and electric mobility of small particles. II. Application.

We propose a generalized treatment of the drag force of a spherical particle due to its motion in a laminar fluid media. The theory is equally applicable to analysis of particle diffusion and electric mobility. The focus of the current analysis is on the motion of spherical particles in low-density gases with Knudsen number Kn>>1. The treatment is based on the gas-kinetic theory analysis of drag force in the specular and diffuse scattering limits obtained in a preceding paper [Z. Li and H. Wang, Phys. Rev. E., 68, 061206 (2003)]. Our analysis considers the influence of van der Waals interactions on the momentum transfer upon collision of a gas molecule with the particle and expresses this influence in terms of an effective, reduced collision integral. This influence is shown to be significant for nanosized particles. In the present paper, the reduced collision integral values are obtained for specular and diffuse scattering, using a Lennard-Jones-type potential energy function suitable for the interactions of a gas molecule with a particle. An empirical formula for the momentum accommodation function, used to determine the effective, reduced collision integral, is obtained from available experimental data. The resulting treatment is shown to be accurate for interpreting the mobility experiments for particles as small as approximately 1 nm in radius. The treatment is subsequently extended to the entire range of the Knudsen number, following a semiempirical, gas-kinetic theory analysis. We demonstrate that the proposed formula predicts very well Millikan's oil-droplet experiments [R. A. Millikan, Philos. Mag. 34, 1 (1917); Phys. Rev. 22, 1 (1923)]. The rigorous theoretical foundation of the proposed formula in the Kn>>1 limit makes the current theory far more general than the semiempirical Stokes-Cunningham formula in terms of the particle size and condition of the fluid and, therefore, more attractive than the Stokes-Cunningham formula.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical application of a new mobile integrated orbital implant].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the socket reconstruction after enucleation. METHODS: Hydroxyapatite (HA, made in China) was made into a porous HA sphere and wrapped up in the scleral shell as a mobile integrated orbital implant. It was applied to 43 patients with enucleation and anophthalmia, The surgical technique is described. RESULTS: All sockets have been corrected very well and the prosthetic mobility and the cosmetic appearance are excellent. After a follow-up of 6 to 24 months, no migration or extrusion of the implant or infection occurred. CONCLUSION: It is considered that at present this new mobile integrated orbital implant is made of one of the best materials and this method of socket reconstruction is one of the best method for selection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Dissipation and mobility of permethrin in the field with repeated applications under tropical conditions.

Studies on persistence, mobility and the effect of repeated application of permethrin on its half-life were carried out under field conditions. The half-life of permethrin in the top 20 cm of the soil increased from 11.5 to 23.6 days as the application rates increased from 35 to 140 g ha(-1). Induced by heavier rainfall, more residues moved downward in trial 2 than in trial 1. Repeated applications enhanced degradation rates and mobility of permethrin in the soil. The residue level in the 0-5-cm layer was reduced at day 28 after 17 consecutive applications to a level lower than after 5 applications. The half-life of permethrin was reduced from 15.9 days to 11.2 days after 5 and 17 applications, respectively. The residue reached the 15-20 cm layer much earlier (approximately 3 days after treatment) in soil that received 17 applications as compared to those with two applications.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1997

Productivity and quality improvements in health care through airboss mobile messaging services.

The US health care industry is in the midst of revolutionary changes. Under tremendous pressures from third-party payers and managed care programs to control costs while providing high quality medical services, health care entities are now looking at information technologies to help them achieve their goals. These goals typically include improved productivity, efficiency and decision-making capabilities among staff members. Moreover, hospitals and other health care facilities that provide a broad and integrated range of inpatient and outpatient care, wellness and home care services are in the best position to offer comprehensive packages to managed care and private insurers. Many health care providers and administrators are considered mobile employees. This mobility can range from intra-building and intra-campus to multi-site and metropolitan areas. This group often relies on a variety of information technologies such as personal computers, communicating laptops, pagers, cellular phones, wireline phones, cordless phones and fax machines to stay in touch and handle information needs. These health care professionals require mobile information access and messaging tools to improve communications, control accessibility and enhance decision-making capabilities. AirBoss mobile messaging services could address the health care industry's need for improved messaging capabilities for its mobile employees. The AirBoss family of services supports integrated voice services, data messaging, mobile facsimile and customized information delivery. This paper describes overview of the current mobile data networking capability, the AirBoss architecture, the health care-related applications it addresses and long-term benefits. In addition, a prototype application for mobile home health care workers is illustrated. This prototype application provides integrated e-mail, information services, web access, real-time access and update of patient records from wireline or wireless networks, and cross media delivery and notification. It provides seamless wide area access to patient data in a secure environment, thus providing a continuity of care from the hospital to home.

Home Care Services↗
PubMed2006

Initial development of a device for controlling manually applied forces.

UNLABELLED: In both simulation and manual therapy studies, substantial variability has been shown when therapists attempt to replicate an applied force. Knowledge about the forces employed during treatment could reduce this variability. In the current project, a prototype for a mobilizing device incorporating a dynamometer was constructed. The prototype device was built around a conventional "hand-grip" dynamometer to give dial visibility during application of mobilizing forces and a moulded handle was used to increase the hand contact surface during force application. The variability of the mobilization forces produced was measured, and ratings of comfort during a simulated spinal mobilization technique were obtained from therapists. METHOD: Thirty physiotherapists were randomly allocated to apply either: (i) their own estimate of a grade III mobilization force using their hands in a pisiform grip or (ii) a 100N force with the manual therapy dynamometer, and to rate comfort during the performance of both techniques on a 100mm visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Variance in dynamometer-dial-guided force application was always significantly less than the variance in therapist-concept-guided force application. Repeated-measures tests showed that the mean force produced at grade III was not significantly different from 100N, but physiotherapist comfort ratings were found to be significantly greater (P<0.01) when the manual therapy dynamometer was used. CONCLUSION: Manually applied force variability was significantly less and therapist comfort greater when using a device with visual access to a dial giving immediate force readout.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

UNWIRED E-MED: the next generation of wireless and internet telemedicine systems.

The movement of telemedicine to wireless and mobile Internet applications is imminent in the next few years. This migration from desktop platforms to wireless and mobile configurations will have a significant impact on future healthcare delivery systems and their globalization. Recent telecommunications and biomedical computing advances will significantly enhance the current methodologies of telemedicine and telecare systems. This editorial will present some of the evolutionary issues and important aspects that have to be considered in developing technologies for the next generation of Internet and third generation of mobile systems geared for future telemedical applications. These will provide new dimensions to existing medical services and areas of outreach that are not possible with the current generation that will have tremendous impact on how healthcare delivery will be shaped for the 21st century.

Internet↗
PubMed2004

Bioresorbable composite bone paste using polysaccharide based nano hydroxyapatite.

Aim of this study concerns to the development of bioresorbable composite materials for bone repair and regeneration. Despite nano hydroxyapatite (HA) has wide range of medical applications, particles mobilization and slow resorbable nature limits its use in certain applications particularly, periodontal and alveolar ridge augmentation. To enhance its usage, we have prepared HA composite bone paste with a natural polysaccharide, chitosan, using wet chemical method at low temperature. The prepared composites were analyzed by various physicochemical methods and suggesting that the nano HA crystallites are well intact with the chitosan macromolecules. FT-IR results are indicating the existence of hydroxyl and amide groups in addition to the characteristic peaks of nano HA in the composite paste. The physical nature of paste form implies that it would be highly beneficial for the particle immobilization upon implantation. In vitro physiological stability and solubility of the composite was performed in phosphate buffered saline under physiological condition and found that the rate of resorbability of composite was quite higher than nano HA. These findings suggest that the HA/chitosan composites may have a great impact on human health care systems as bioresorbable bone substitute.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2000

Scanning electrochemical microscopy as a local probe of oxygen permeability in cartilage.

The use of scanning electrochemical microscopy, a high-resolution chemical imaging technique, to probe the distribution and mobility of solutes in articular cartilage is described. In this application, a mobile ultramicroelectrode is positioned close ( approximately 1 microm) to the cartilage sample surface, which has been equilibrated in a bathing solution containing the solute of interest. The solute is electrolyzed at a diffusion-limited rate, and the current response measured as the ultramicroelectrode is scanned across the sample surface. The topography of the samples was determined using Ru(CN)(6)(4-), a solute to which the cartilage matrix was impermeable. This revealed a number of pit-like depressions corresponding to the distribution of chondrocytes, which were also observed by atomic force and light microscopy. Subsequent imaging of the same area of the cartilage sample for the diffusion-limited reduction of oxygen indicated enhanced, but heterogeneous, permeability of oxygen across the cartilage surface. In particular, areas of high permeability were observed in the cellular and pericellular regions. This is the first time that inhomogeneities in the permeability of cartilage toward simple solutes, such as oxygen, have been observed on a micrometer scale.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Using mobile technologies to give health students access to learning resources in the UK community setting.

OBJECTIVES: This article describes a project which explored the potential for mobile technologies to give health students in the community access to learning resources. The purpose included the need to identify possible barriers students could face in using mobile technologies. Another focus was to assess the students perceptions of the importance of being able to access learning resources in the community. METHODS: This 1-year project used two main approaches for data collection. A review of the literature on mobile technologies in the health context was conducted. This was used in a systematic way to identify key issues and trends. The literature review was used to inform the design and production of a questionnaire. This was distributed to and completed by a group of community health students at Northumbria University, UK. The questionnaire was piloted and there was a 100% completion rate with 49 returned forms. RESULTS: The literature review indicated that most mobile technology applications were occurring in the US. At the time of the review the most prevalent mobile technologies were PDAs, laptops, WAP phones and portable radios with use being concentrated around doctors in the acute sector. A range of advantages and disadvantages to the technology were discovered. Mobile technologies were mainly being used for clinical rather than learning applications. The students showed a low level of awareness of the technology but placed great importance to accessing learning resources from the community. CONCLUSIONS: Significant development and changes are taking place in mobile technologies. Since the data collection for this work was completed in 2004 podcasting and videocasting have become significant in mobile learning for health professionals. Librarians will need to address the relevance and implications of m-learning for their practice. Care and consideration needs to be given on the time and resources librarians allocate for the necessary development work around mobile technologies. Collaboration and partnership working will be most effective approach for librarians wishing to integrate their services with m-learning technologies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2003

Intraoperative imaging using a mobile computed tomography scanner.

OBJECTIVE: The radicality of tumour removal in patients suffering from glioma is discussed to be an important factor for longer survival times. Therefore intraoperative imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) are tested in many neurosurgical facilities for clinical use. In our department a mobile CT for intraoperative applications is used for this purpose since 1999. The handling and useful application of the mobile CT scanner as well as results without intraoperative imaging are discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 470 CT scans with the mobile CT were accomplished, including 270 cases of neuronavigation planning, 76 cases of intraoperative scans, 48 cases of postoperative scans, 69 CT scans for stereotactic biopsy planning and control as well as 3 cases of emergency scanning in trauma patients and 4 spine applications. The results of the intraoperative CT scans are compared with those of the postoperative MRI scans. Additionally 87 patients with glioma were evaluated. These patients underwent surgery without intraoperative imaging. RESULTS: In 27 out of 43 patients with glioma residual tumour was detected with intraoperative CT. In 13 cases the surgery was resumed to complete resection, in 14 cases the operation was not continued due to close vicinity to eloquent areas or difficulties in image interpretation. In 44 cases the results of intraoperative CT and postoperative MRI were compared. In 6 cases the MRI demonstrated residual tumour in contrast to the results of the CT scans. In 3 cases the tumour removal could have been more complete (6.8 %). In 87 cases glioma surgery was performed without intraoperative CT. In 6 cases a more complete tumour removal could have been performed (6.9 %) according to the results of postoperative MRI. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative imaging with a mobile CT scanner is a good method for detection of residual tumour. The CT scanner can be integrated in an operative setting without problems. Although intraoperative imaging can be helpful in some selected cases, most of the neurosurgical procedures can be well performed with proper neuronavigation planning.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Microfabricated refractive index gradient based detector for reversed-phase liquid chromatography with mobile phase gradient elution.

Typical refractive index (RI) detectors for liquid chromatography (LC) are not well suited to application with mobile phase gradient elution, due to the difficulty in correcting for the detected baseline shift during the gradient. We report a sensitive, highly reproducible, microfabricated refractive index gradient (micro-RIG) detector that performs well with mobile phase gradient elution LC. Since the micro-RIG signal remains on-scale throughout the mobile phase gradient, one can apply a baseline correction procedure. We demonstrate that by collecting two mobile phase gradient blanks and subtracting one of them from the other, a reproducible, flat baseline is achieved. Therefore, subtracting a blank from a separation provides a baseline corrected chromatogram with reasonably high signal-to-noise ratio for eluting analytes. The micro-RIG detector uses a collimated diode laser beam to optically probe a RIG formed perpendicular to the laminar flow direction within a microfabricated borosilicate glass chip. The chip-based design of the detector is suitable for either traditional bench-top or LC-on-a-chip technologies. We report reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) separations of proteins and polymers, over mobile phase gradient conditions of 67% A:33% B to 3% A:97% B by volume, where A is 96% methanol:3.9% water:0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and B is 3.9% methanol:96% water:0.1% TFA. The separations were performed on a Jupiter 5 mu C4 300 A 150 mm x 1.0 mm Phenomenex column at a flow rate of 20 microl/min. Viscosity changes during the mobile phase gradient separation are found to shift the on-chip merge position of the detected concentration gradient (i.e., RIG), in a reproducible fashion. However, this viscosity effect makes detection sensitivity vary throughout the mobile phase gradient, due to moving the optimized position of the probe beam in relation to the analyte concentration gradient being probed. None-the-less, consistent limits of detection (LODs) were achieved. The 3-sigma deflection angle LOD was 16 microrad for micro-RIG detection, corresponding to an injected concentration LOD of 7 ppm (mass/mass) for cytochrome c.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2004

A mobile neutron source based on the SbBe reaction.

Optimisation studies on the layout of a SbBe neutron source for application in mobile thermal neutron radiography or tomography measurements have been performed using MCNP and shielding calculations. Results and the actual status in the set-up of the source are presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Electrokinesiologic measurement of trunk sagittal mobility and lumbar erector spinae muscle activity.

Additional studies to determine intratester reliability of electrokinesiologic (EK) measures related to trunk movement and low back muscle activity are needed. EMG activity and EK records of repetitive movements at both natural and maximal speeds were computer sampled and quantified among 22 nonimpaired subjects. Significant differences were observed between group means at different speeds and trials for both kinematic and EMG measures. Predictably, maximal speed testing resulted in higher levels of EMG activity when compared to natural speed testing. Intratester reliability of measures was high at both speeds. Range of motion data correlated well between two trials for both natural and maximal speed movements, ranging from 0.81 to 0.97. Correlation of speed of movement measures ranged from 0.41 to 0.76. These data suggest that computer-analyzed EMG activity and EK signals are reliable assessment tools for trunk mobility. The application of this procedure to persons with low back pain to acquire EMG activity and mobility data appears justified.

Adolescent↗