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PubMed1996

Drug and alcohol user treatment/intervention services in Russia--a Western perspective.

This paper reviews the state of drug and alcohol treatment/intervention services in Russia. The background and the development of addiction services in Russia is described, and the current problems of alcohol and particularly drug misuse are discussed. Current methods of treatment are considered, in the context of a description of the addiction services in St. Petersburg. Some of the issues facing the authorities are discussed: poor training in addiction, the low status of the speciality, overmedicalization of treatment, and the absence of any community-based services. The lack of any harm reduction policies or practice is noted.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1995

Syringe exchange programs--United States, 1994-1995.

As of December 1994, approximately one third (35.3%) of the 435,319 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported among adults to CDC were associated with injecting-drug use (1). In addition, injection of illegal drugs is the risk behavior most frequently associated with heterosexual and perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. The goal of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) is to reduce HIV transmission associated with drug injection by providing sterile syringes in exchange for use, potentially HIV-contaminated syringes. This report presents data from a recent survey of U.S. SEPs about their activities during January 1994-April 1995 and compares the findings with those of a 1993 survey (2).

Needle-Exchange Programs↗
PubMed1994

[New drug policies: the Geneva example].

As a consequence of the negative medical social effects of illicit drug use a certain number of countries, during the eighties, have chosen to rethink their therapeutical strategies which were mainly aimed at instoring rapid abstinence. Risk-reduction strategies are varied, including distribution of syringes, substitutive strategies and cultural modification of the drug-addicted representations. Such substantial modifications lead to reflections on both national and international legal systems.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

[Prevention of AIDS in drug addicts in Switzerland: an encouraging development].

Switzerland has adopted a prevention strategy including the promotion of non-sharing injection material and use of condoms. The access to sterile equipment has been made easier, but regional differences still exist. Studies conducted between 1989 and 1992 among drug users in different Swiss regions are reviewed in order to examine if progress in prevention occurred. Syringe sharing diminished everywhere, but rather high sharing rates persist where sterile material is less accessible. Condom use increased, but the situation is still unsatisfactory considering the high HIV prevalence among i.v. drug users. Where several surveys have been conducted consecutively, a stabilization of HIV prevalence was observed. This suggests a slowing down of the progression of the epidemic among drug users. These results, obtained in few years, are encouraging in the light of the pessimism which prevailed at the beginning of the epidemic about the ability of drug users to adopt preventive behaviour.

Condoms↗