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PubMed1999

[Cooperation between regional occupational health centers and the clinic of occupational diseases in the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in the area of diagnosis and certification of occupational pathology].

Diagnosis and certification of occupational diseases is a statutory responsibility of all regional occupational health centres. An increasing number of certificates issued by these centres has been questioned over last recent years by employees concerned. The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine co-operates with these centres, particularly if some doubts are reported. Some shortcomings in diagnosis and certification become the subject of thorough analysis and steps are taken to identify the causes of miscertification.

Diagnostic Services↗
PubMed2002

Occupational diseases in Poland, 2001.

The Central Register of Occupational Diseases keeps the records of all reported and certified occupational diseases in Poland. In this paper the incidence of occupational diseases in Poland in 2001 is discussed on the basis of the data provided by the Register. The changes in the incidence pattern over the recent 30 years are also shown. In 2001, 6,007 cases of occupational diseases were registered, with the incidence rate of 63.2 per 100,000 employees. The highest incidence rates were noted for seven categories of diseases: the vocal organ diseases, noise-induced hearing loss, pneumoconioses, contagious and invasive diseases, dermatoses, chronic diseases of bronchi, and vibration syndrome. Altogether these diseases covered 5,239 cases (87.2% of all registered cases). Mining and quarrying, agriculture, hunting and forestry, education, health and social works were the economy activities with the highest incidence of occupational diseases. The majority of occupational diseases (93.9%) have developed after a long-term (over 10 years) exposure to particular harmful factors. As much as 58.5% of cases were recorded in males. The predominant occupational diseases in males were occupational hearing lesions, while in females chronic vocal organ diseases, most common in teachers, were most frequently recognized. In Poland, the diseases of the vocal organ poses a serious problem from the medical and socio-economic points of view. These pathologies show the highest dynamics of the incidence among all registered occupational diseases. Over the last five years the vocal organ diseases have moved upwards to the top in the ranking, both with respect to the number of cases and the incidence rate. Since 1998, the incidence of occupational diseases has been continuously showing a downward tendency. Four categories of occupational diseases have accounted mostly for this decline: noise-induced hearing loss, chronic diseases of vocal organ, contagious and invasive diseases, and dermatoses (a decrease by 64%, 54%, 40%, and 51%, respectively). The decreased incidence has been also noted for "classical pathologies": chronic poisonings, pneumoconioses and vibration syndrome. At least three most important explanatory factors have to be pointed out: a) the decrease in employment and liquidation of industrial plants with the highest health risk; b) the modernization of plants and improvement of working conditions: and c) effective prevention.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Occupational diseases of teeth.

Occupational diseases of the teeth have, in general, received scant attention. The chief cause of this is lack of awareness among occupational physicians. Exposure to various chemical substances is one of the causes of occupation-related dental disorders. Physical and biological factors also contribute. The combination of these factors plus poor dental hygiene aggravates the condition. The present article aims to focus the attention of occupational physicians towards this important problem.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Occupational disease services in Chuvash Republic].

In 1984 an Occupational Pathology Center for 30 patients opened in Tchuvash Republic; since 1989 the Center was given a right to certify primary diagnosis of an occupational disease. Occupational morbidity structure in Tchuvash Republic corresponds to that in Russia, but the morbidity level in Tchuvash Republic is slightly lower than that in Russia. The Occupational Pathology Center in Tchuvash Republic served as an object of experiments in elaboration of occupational regulation parameters.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2003

Cytokine polymorphisms in chronic inflammatory diseases with reference to occupational diseases.

Genes which encode inflammatory cytokines are subject to polymorphisms in their regulatory regions that may effect both the level and ratio of cytokines produced in response to exogenous stimuli. These variant alleles are observed in a large percent of the population and are often associated with increased or decreased susceptibility or severity (modifiers) to infectious, immune or inflammatory diseases. Environmental factors can also play either a direct (i.e., causative factor) or indirect (modifying factor) role in these diseases. Thus, it would follow that gene-environment interactions would effect the expression and/or progression of the disease. In the present review, the concept that some of the common allelic variants found in cytokine genes represent modifying factors in chronic inflammatory diseases associated with occupational exposure is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Data processing computer system for evaluation of health effects due to occupational diseases diagnosed in Poland].

General consequences of occupational diseases for both employees and the country's economy have been known for many decades. Nevertheless there were no legal instruments and financial means to carry out studies leading to a comprehensive evaluation of health effects induced by occupational diseases diagnosed in Poland. Only recently, the legal basis has been provided by the revision of the regulations on occupational diseases (Official Journal of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare no 9, heading 51, 1989), and the financial means allocated according to the Governmental Strategic Programme (SPR-1) for the years 1995-1998. The objectives of the study and the results obtained have been presented in another publication. Here the authors concentrated on some aspects of data collection and their analysis. An essential element in the establishment of data base on health effects of occupational diseases was its integration, namely the number of diagnosed occupational disease had to correspond with the entity in the Register of Occupational Diseases. Such an approach helped to avoid including in the base all metrical data, as information on effects of occupational diseases was collected exclusively for persons with detected and diagnosed occupational disease, which had to be previously placed in the Register of Occupational Diseases. The correctness of data input and the data analysis were carried out outside the Paradox system. The analysis of histograms of characteristics under study and the explanation of departing values were employed to evaluate the freedom from bias, and the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1992

[The methodological characteristics of calculating the prevented economic loss from disability resulting from occupational diseases in assessing the activities of occupational pathology centers].

Evaluation of prevented economic detriment from the occupational disablement can be used for estimating the economic efficiency of occupational centre activities. Decreased disability pensions as a main item of expenses must be taken into account in evaluation of prevented economic detriment due to the diminished disablement. Regional occupational pathology centre activities aimed at the early diagnosis of complications-free occupational diseases, complete clinical screening, active treatment and control of the adequate employment give a great social and economic effect.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1999

[Regional differences in the compensation of pleural mesothelioma as occupational disease in France (1986-1993)].

BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to asbestos is responsible for 80% at least of all mesothelioma in developed countries. In France there are important regional differences in the rate of mesothelioma compensated as occupational diseases, without knowing if these differences could be explained by a real difference of risk. The objective here is to quantify these regional differences in relation with the differences of level of risk. METHODS: The analysis compares, for each of the 16 regions of the national social security system, mortality for both genders and among men by pleural cancer (ICD 163) in the general population and mesothelioma compensated as occupational diseases during the 1986-1993 period. We computed for each region the number of expected compensated mesothelioma under the hypothesis where the regional distributions of compensated mesothelioma and mesothelioma deaths are the same; as well as the percentage of compensated mesothelioma compared to the deaths, and the variation from the national mean under two hypotheses, high and low; and the probability that a mesothelioma is compensated as an occupational disease taking as a reference the "best" region. RESULTS: The compensation rate differed significantly among regions (p < 0.05) and for men, the rate between observed and expected numbers of compensated mesothelioma varied from 0.15 (region of Montpellier) to 2.29 (region of Nantes), a ratio over 15. For all of France, the compensation rate was 25% under the best hypothesis. The region of Nantes compensated 61.5% of the male mesothelioma as occupational diseases, while the region of Montpellier and Clermont-Ferrand only around 5%. The probability for a mesothelioma to be compensated, compared to the region of Nantes, was 2.5 times less in national average, and about 10 times less in Montpellier and Clermont-Ferrand regions. CONCLUSION: In spite of limits linked to the imprecision of the available data, important regional differences in term of compensation of mesothelioma as occupational diseases clearly exist. Indications lead to think that their origin lies essentially in differences between physicians when considering the occupational etiology of mesothelioma, but differences within the system of compensation of occupational diseases can not be excluded. An improvement of the national statistical system concerning occupational diseases is highly recommendable.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occupational diseases in instrumental musicians].

Occupational diseases, work-related diseases and occupational stigma in professional musicians are discussed. Predominant diseases and symptoms related to various organic systems, such as musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, respiratory system, skin, mouth and teeth diseases, as well as the effect of noise and psychological stress, have been listed. The preventive measures in order to promote health of musicians are described in particular.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed2004

[Occupational diseases in Poland, 2003].

BACKGROUND: Data on occupational diseases constitute an important element of the bulk of information on the health of workers as well as on the sanitary conditions prevailing in their work environment. Yearly records of the incidence of occupational diseases, and the annual analyses of the incidence data render it possible to identify high-risk groups, so that preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk of the resultant pathologies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This work is based on the information included in the "Occupational Disease Reporting Forms" received by the Central Register of Occupational Diseases in 2003. The forms specified the diagnosed disease, patient's age and gender, period of occupational exposure to agents responsible for the disease development, branch of the national economy and the region of the country. The incidence was specified in terms of indices per 100 000 paid employees. RESULTS: A total of 4365 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed in Poland in 2003. The incidence rate was 46.6 cases per 100 000. The highest rates were recorded for chronic vocal organ diseases (11.7), pneumoconiosis (8.6), bilateral permanent hearing loss (7.9), contagious or parasitic diseases (5.9) and skin diseases (2.3). In 60.7% of patients with diagnosed occupational disease, the period of exposure to a relevant harmful agent was over 20 years. The highest incidence of occupational diseases was recorded in the mining industry in general (372.5 cases per 100 000) and in the coal mining industry in particular (439.4 cases per 100 000 paid employees). CONCLUSIONS: In 2003, the incidence of occupational diseases continued to decrease in Poland. This downward tendency has been observed since 1999. A lower number of cases of hearing loss, contagious or parasitic diseases, chronic voice disorders and of skin diseases mostly contributed to the general decrease in the incidence of occupational diseases.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of the situation of occupational health surveillance and the morbidity of occupational diseases in Guangzhou].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the situation of occupational health surveillance and the characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou. METHODS: The situation of occupational health surveillance and the morbidity of occupational diseases were studied retrospectively by use of the physical examination data collected from the labour hygienic reports of the city from 1993 to 2002. The data were divided into two groups: the first group from 1993 to 1997, and the second from 1998 to 2002. RESULTS: Annual average of occupational health examination in the past 10 years was over 75%. The data in the second group (1998 - 2002) showed that the number of hearing loss observed subjects, noise surveilled personnels, dust and chemicals contraindicated personnels were significantly higher than those in the 1st group (P < 0.01). The morbidity of chronic occupational disease newly occurred was 91 cases in lst group, and 181 cases in 2nd group (P < 0.05), in which the incidence of chemical poisoning and noise induced hearing loss increased significantly but that of pneumoconiosis between two groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05). In the past 10 years, 581 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed, of which, 309 cases (53.18%) were acute poisonings, while 272 cases (46.82%) were chronic occupational diseases. Pneumoconiosis, lead and benzene poisoning were common in chronic occupational diseases (16.70%, 16.87% respectively). With the passage of time, the incidence ages of pneumoconiosis, chemical poisoning and total occupational diseases tended towards younger. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01) CONCLUSION: A normal system for occupational health surveillance has been developed in Guangzhou. Detectable rates in focused surveillance and contraindication have been obviously increasing. The incidence of occupational disease (mainly including acute occupational poisoning, pneumoconiosis, lead and benzene poisonings) is also going up. The incidence age of chronic occupational diseases tends to be younger accompanied with a shorter work history.

China↗
PubMed1991

From conjecture and refutation to the documentation of occupational diseases in Taiwan.

The documentation of occupational diseases in a developing country like Taiwan is a challenge to an occupational physician. For lack of a system including material safety data sheet (MSDS), workers are usually not aware of what chemicals they are exposed to. Since many occupational diseases have long latencies and do not show any specific symptoms and signs, recognition and identification of the occupational origin are often very difficult. Using databases which provide a relatively complete list of industrial chemicals and a set of specific signs and/or symptoms, combined with the epidemiologic approach of conjectures and refutations--i.e., considering and ruling out all possible alternative explanations--we have documented eight kinds of occupational diseases and an outbreak of botulism. We recommend that a similar approach be applied to any other country with a similar situation, and that a system involving an identification sheet (e.g., MSDS) for each chemical be advocated and implemented in such countries as one means to enable prompt recognition and prevention of occupational diseases.

Acute Disease↗