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PubMed1989

[Incidence of oral manifestations in children with acute leukemia].

Fifty children with oral manifestations of acute leukemia, ranging in age from 1 to 14 years, have been studied with reference to age, sex, location and clinical presentation of the oral lesions. Seventy six percent of the patients had the disease during the first decade of their life, 22% as acute myelocytic leukemia and 54% as acute lymphocytic leukemia. In the current study, acute leukemia exhibited a high predilection for males (70%) and mucosal pallor was the most common presenting oral symptoms (39.6%). Erythema, ulceration and swelling of the lip, tongue, palate and gingiva were also frequent symptoms. Extra oral involvement occurred in 60% of the cases as facial pallor and 11% as lymph node enlargement.

Child↗

PubMed1984

Oral manifestations of Sweet's syndrome.

A case of a 38-year-old male with the diagnosis of Sweet's Syndrome is reported. The most significant feature of the patient was manifested by serious lesions in the oral mucosa which persisted throughout the course of the disease. They only improved after the administration of prednisone. Special emphasis is made on the characteristics of the oral manifestations of Sweet's syndrome since they have not been described in detail in the literature.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The oral manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in paediatric allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients.

The oral manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in eight allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) paediatric recipients were studied clinically, and lip biopsies were performed in seven of them. A prominent lichenoid reaction was observed in four patients, two with accompanying ulceration. Superficial mucoceles were present in three children. Clinically obvious xerostomia was seen in seven patients. Lip biopsies were positive and correlated with the clinical manifestations. Both clinical and histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of cGVHD. In three additional children, with systemic manifestations indicating cGVHD, the oral mucosa was clinically and histologically normal, and the systemic manifestations were, thus, attributed to drug reactions. The above findings indicate the high value of oral examination in diagnosing or confirming paediatric cGVHD. Superficial mucoceles, reported for the first time in paediatric recipients, seem to be important in the early diagnosis of cGVHD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

An overview of herbal supplement utilization with particular emphasis on possible interactions with dental drugs and oral manifestations.

Herbal medication in the United States is a popular form of therapy. This paper provides an overview of the utilization of herbal supplements with particular emphasis on possible interactions with oral health drugs and oral manifestations. Herbal supplements are regulated by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA), which limits their regulation by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A number of studies indicate that there is a progressive increase in the utilization of herbal supplements. The majority of consumers of these products are white, middle-aged women who have some college education. Many of the consumers use pharmaceutical drugs concurrently, but most do not inform their health-care providers about their use of herbal supplements. Various herbal supplements have been reported or are suspected to interact with certain oral health drugs, the most important one being 1) bromelain, cayenne, chamomile, feverfew, dong quai, eleuthro/Seberian ginseng, garlic, ginkgo, ginger, ginseng and licorice interacting with aspirin; 2) aloe latex, ephedra, ginseng, rhubarb, cascara sagrada, licorice, and senna interacting with corticosteriods; 3) kava, St. John's wort, chamomile, and valerian interacting with central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs; and 4) herbs acting on the gastrointestinal system, altering the absorption of several orally administered drugs. Further, the use of some herbal supplements has been reported to be associated with oral manifestations, including aphthous ulcers, lip and tongue irritation, and swelling with feverfew; gingival bleeding with feverfew and ginkgo; tongue numbness with echinacea; xerostomia with St. John's wort; oral and lingual dyskinesia with kava; and salivation with yohimbe. These potential effects of herbal supplements in conjunction with factors related to regulation restrictions suggest that the use of these products may be associated with various adverse reactions that can affect oral health and treatment. Dental hygienists should inform themselves about herbal supplements in order to offer appropriate oral health care to individuals who take these substances.

Blood Coagulation↗

PubMed1998

Oral manifestations of HIV infection in 600 South African patients.

Oral lesions associated with HIV infection, as classified by the EC-Clearinghouse on Oral Problems related to HIV infection and the WHO Collaborating Centre on Oral manifestations of the immunodeficiency virus, were studied in 600 consecutive HIV-infected patients in Cape Town, South Africa. One or more lesions were seen in 60.4% of cases. Combined candidal lesions were evident in 37.8%, hairy leukoplakia in 19.7% and combined gingival/periodontal lesions in 8.5% of patients seen. Lesions less commonly recorded include oral ulceration (2.9%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (1.5%). The clinical range of lesions seen is similar to those reported elsewhere, but socio-cultural differences allowed no reliable comparison. More than a quarter of our patients had oral soft tissue discomfort necessitating treatment; in 3.3% these were the presenting symptom. This indicates a potential major public health concern requiring education in recognition and appropriate referral and management.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1990

Oral manifestations of HIV infection, Part I.

Several signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma, may first appear in the mouth. The dentist is in a unique position to detect the oral manifestations of HIV infection. The purpose of this review article is to provide the dentist with baseline knowledge concerning the oral manifestations of HIV infection, to help the dentist identify such lesions, and to contribute to the early diagnosis and timely treatment of HIV-positive individuals.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1985

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): disease characteristics and oral manifestations.

This article has reviewed the disease process and oral manifestations of AIDS. Specifically, dentists should review the medical history and perform an overall health assessment for all dental patients before treatment is rendered. Attention should be directed to the prodromal signs and symptoms of AIDS. If dental treatment of a patient with AIDS is required, strict infection control guidelines are mandatory.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2001

Oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS in a Kenyan provincial hospital.

BACKGROUND: In Kenya many patients exposed to the HIV infection present with orofacial lesions as the primary manifestations of the disease and only a few studies have been performed to document this observation. OBJECTIVE: To clinically evaluate and document the range and pattern of oral lesions in a group of hospitalised patients with HIV-infection. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: Coast Province General Hospital in Mombasa, Kenya, which is the main referral institution serving a population of approximately two million people. METHODS: Examination of all the cases included in the study was performed according to the WHO criteria. Both male and female patients aged 16 years and above were selected. The criterion of recruitment was based on a suspicion of immunosuppression, the presence of oral manifestations and the willingness to participate in the study. Prior to the examination each patient had undergone counselling followed by two consecutive screening tests using the ELISA technique. Where indicated incisional biopsy was performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis of the relevant lesions. In collaboration with the medical team, treatment was administered as per the needs of the patient in terms of anti-fungals, antivirals or topical cortisteroids. RESULTS: Of the 61 cases, 25(41%) were males and 36(59%) females with an age range of 19 to 65 years (mean = 34.7 years). While all the cases had periodontal disease, over 80% had candidiasis of the hyperplastic, erythematous and pseudomembraneous types. Lymphadenopathy and angular cheilitis were each diagnosed in 27.9% of the cases; while oral Kaposi's sarcoma was seen in 13% of the patients. Other conditions seen included persistent oral ulceration (11.5%), oral hairy leukopLakia and herpes zoster each constituting 4.9%; herpes simplex, mucosal hyperpigmentation, parotomegaly and facial palsy each comprised six per cent and oral warts seen in one case. In accordance with the pattern and prevalence of oral manifestations in our study, the results were largely consistent with those documented elsewhere. CONCLUSION: For the alleviation of the morbidity arising from the commonly occurring lesions, early detection is mandatory. Furthermore, documentation of the varied regional patterns of occurrence of these lesions may aid in the rational application of the emerging treatments.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1997

Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

This article includes the oral manifestations which have been reported to be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The clinical appearance, diagnostic criteria and treatment of fungal, viral and bacterial infections, neoplasms and lesions of uncertain etiology are described. Accurate diagnosis of the oral lesions is important in the management of patients infected with HIV. Identification of oral lesions may suggest the need for HIV testing or may be an indicator for preventive intervention. Early identification, diagnosis and treatment may prevent extensive tissue destruction and may improve the quality of life for HIV-infected patients.

HIV Infections↗

PubMed1976

Diagnosis of sarcoidosis from oral manifestation.

The diagnosis of sarcoidosis may be a matter of complexity. Two cases of sarcoidosis in which oral manifestations were helpful in the diagnosis are presented. Similar cases from the literature are reviewed and discussed, and it seems that sarcoid involvement of clinically normal-appearing oral mucosa occurs with some frequency.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Oral manifestations of HIV infection].

Skin and mucous membranes including the oral mucosa are among the preferential locations of opportunistic infections and secondary neoplasms in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infections of the oral mucosa such as thrush occur in a high percentage of AIDS patients, patients with AIDS-related complex or HIV-seropositive individuals. The clinical appearance of the infections (herpes virus infection, periodontitis) is often marked by aggressive expansion, frequent recurrences or resistance to therapy. Oral "hairy" leukoplakia is considered to be a characteristic lesion in HIV-infected individuals. Tumors like Kaposi's sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the oral mucosa may cause marked morbidity in AIDS patients. Such oral lesions are frequently the first indication of an HIV-infection. Dentists should be aware of the oral manifestations of HIV-infection and initiate diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the interest of the patients and for epidemiologic reasons.

Candidiasis, Oral↗

PubMed1975

Oral manifestations in Urbach--Wiethe disease (lipoglycoproteinosis; lipoid proteinosis; hyalinosis cutis et mucosae).

The oral manifestations in 27 patients with Urbach--Wiethe disease (UWD) discovered in Northern Sweden are described. The oral regions most frequently affected are the lips, the back of the tongue, the frenulum of the tongue, the palate and the back wall of the pharynx. The general impression is that older patients usually have more marked manifestations than younger, indicating that the oral lesions may become more severe with increasing age. Histopathologically, the disorder is essentially a microangiopathy in which the walls of small blood vessels are thick and PAS-positive, indicating the presence of glycoproteins. In clinically affected regions there are usually PAS-positive extravascular deposits. In material used of lipid histochemical studies, sudanophil droplets were found in the vessel walls. By staining with osmium tetroxide the osmium is--contrary to previous assumptions--in some way bound to the droplets, but for unknown reasons is not reduced to a coloured product. The binding of osmium was demonstrated by the OTAN (osmium textroxide alpha-naphthylamine) method. The exact significance of this finding awaits further studies. The implications of dental anomalies occurring in UWD are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Oral manifestations of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

A study was conducted of 16 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. The most common oral manifestations were hemorrhagic diathesis and leukemic involvement. There was gingival bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymosis of the oral mucosa, massive infiltration-induced gingival swelling, ulcerative glossitis, swelling of the tonsils, and facial palsy. Inflammatory stomatitis also occurred. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia had a higher incidence and severity of oral bleeding than those with other types of acute leukemia. However, the oral findings in our series were not necessarily specific for acute promyelocytic leukemia because the same oral symptoms occur in other forms of acute leukemia.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Case study of a two-year-old boy.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare pathology. It may be a single system disease at a single site or at multiple sites, or a multisystem disease; it may evolve from one of these forms into another. Oral manifestations may be the first signs of the disease. Little is known as yet about its etiology. We review the nosological entity and present the case of a two-year-old boy suffering from the multisystem form, paying particular attention to the oral manifestations. Physical examination on admittance revealed skin lesions in the scalp, armpits and groins, hepatosplenomegaly and bilateral otorrhea. The diagnosis was multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis, affecting the skin, bone, liver and CNS.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2001

Oral manifestation of sporotrichosis in AIDS patients.

A wide spectrum of oral lesions has been associated with human immunodeficiency viral infection (HIV), or AIDS. This report describes the case of an HIV-infected patient who developed a case of disseminated sporotrichosis whose first clinical sign was the presence of orofacial lesions. A histopathological study of this patient's biopsy specimens taken from the oropharyngeal lesions revealed a number of rounded and/or oval free-spore forms of Sporothrix schenkii, the identification of which was corroborated by culturing skin lesion exudate on Sabouraud's glucose agar. To the best of our knowledge to date, this is the first time a case of the oral manifestation of sporotrichosis in association with HIV infection has been described in the dental literature.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1990

Oral manifestations of previously undiagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

The oral manifestations are described of 43 patients with previously undiagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDD) who presented to an Oral Medicine Unit in a 24-month period. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by measurement of fasting blood glucose and where necessary by a glucose tolerance test. Sixteen patients had burning mouth syndrome, ten patients had unusually prolonged fungal and/or bacterial infections, nine patients had a nonspecific condition such as altered taste, six patients had an oral mucosal lesion such as erosive lichen planus, one patient had sialosis and one patient complained of sialorrhoea. The frequency of undiagnosed NIDD was twice that expected among the general population. Treatment directed at improving glycemic control also produced resolution of the patients' oral symptoms in most cases.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Oral manifestations of sarcoidosis.

OBJECTIVE: To report two new cases of sarcoidosis of the buccal mucosa and to analyze the literature on oral manifestations of sarcoidosis. STUDY DESIGN: Oral lesions with histologic features of sarcoidosis were analyzed according to their location and appearance. RESULTS: Analysis of 45 cases of oral sarcoidosis (43 from the literature and the 2 new presented cases) revealed 12 lesions in the jaws, 10 in the buccal mucosa, 6 in the gingiva, 5 in the lips, 5 in the floor of the mouth, 4 in the tongue, and 3 in the palate. Sarcoidosis in the jaw was located in the alveolar bone and presented as an ill-defined radiolucency. Submucosal nodules were observed in sarcoidosis affecting the buccal mucosa, palate, and lip. Swelling was the main manifestation in the gingiva. In the floor of the mouth, sarcoidosis presented as ranula and that of the tongue as induration. In most of the cases, the lesions in the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and tongue were the first clinical manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSION: Oral sarcoidosis lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral soft tissue swellings and jaw lesions.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral manifestations of nutrient deficiencies.

There is a synergistic relationship between nutrition, oral health, and disease. Nutrient deficiency may result in oral symptomatology. Oral conditions and systemic diseases associated with oral manifestations may lead to nutrient deficiencies as a consequence of compromised mastication and swallowing, pain, or discomfort. Health professionals must recognize the manifestations of these deficiencies, consider their causes and provide early treatment to prevent further compromise in nutrition status and to promote optimal nutrition, oral and overall health.

Deficiency Diseases↗