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PubMed1981

[Psychological characteristics of the asthmatic child].

The author's statements are based on monographic studies. They rely on his double experience as a pediatrician and a child psychiatrist. 1. The asthmatic child personality is extremely various. It cannot be included in traditional psychiatric perspectives or psychological scheme. 2. The classical features of behaviour such as dependence and negation of aggressivity can appear frequently but are not specific. 3. In more than one third of cases, a particular system of interaction may occur, called "allergic relation", characterized by a) A lack of personal attachment (objectal relationship poorly differentiated), b) A need of fusional grasping to people and environment, c) A blocking-up the separation-individuation system. 4. In most cases a) A high emotional receptivity to traumatisms, b) Psychosomatic vulnerable structure of various types, b) Mental mechanisms leading to psychosomatic disorganization, especially a kind of depression quite obvious in severe forms. 5. So inferences may be drawn a) About the genesis of the asthmatic disease in which the immunologic personality cannot be parted from the whole, b) About the psychosomatic approach of asthma and its prevention. 6. These considerations are basically founded on the recent book of L Kreisler "L'enfant du désordre psychosomatique" (The child with psychosomatic disorders) Ed. Privat-Toulouse (France) 1981.

Asthma↗
PubMed2003

Borderline personality disorder and the search for meaning: an attachment perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the links between the attachment theory-derived concept of disorganized attachment, and the psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD). METHOD: Literature search for characteristics of disorganized attachment. Clinical case material from psychotherapeutic work with patients suffering from BPD. RESULTS: Disorganized attachment can be understood in terms of an approach-avoidance dilemma for infants for whom stressed or traumatized/traumatizing caregivers are simultaneously a source of threat and a secure base. Interpersonal relationships in BPD including those with caregivers is similarly seen in terms of an approach-avoidance dilemma, which manifests itself in disturbed transference/countertransference interactions between therapists and BPD sufferers. Borderline personality disorder sufferers lack meaning in their lives because they are unable to play 'language games' with their potential intimates, resorting to actions rather than words to express feelings. CONCLUSIONS: Possible ways of handling these phenomena are suggested, based on Main's (1995) notion of 'meta-cognitive monitoring', in the hope of re-instating meaning and more stable self-structures, in these patients' lives.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1981

Children's attachment to transitional objects: a study of two pediatric populations.

The incidence of transitional objects was studied in 285 children in two pediatric populations differing in race and socioeconomic status. Significant differences were found between groups in incidence and age of onset of attachment, and in specific behavior associated with use of the objects. Child-rearing practices and maternal attitudes were also related to development of attachments. Theoretical implications and directions for continued study are considered.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1995

Interpersonal disorder in schizoid and avoidant personality disorders: an attachment perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics related to avoidant attachment of 13 schizoid/avoidant psychiatric outpatients and 20 nonschizoid/avoidant psychiatric outpatients. METHOD: Three scales ("maintains distance in relationships", "high priority on self-sufficiency" and "attachment relationship is a threat to security") differentiated schizoid and avoidant personality disordered patients from other personality disordered patients. RESULTS: The results are discussed in terms of the attachment and DSM diagnostic models of avoidant styles in relationships. CONCLUSION: The 2 groups of schizoid and avoidant personality disordered patients were not significantly different on the desire for close affectional bonds scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Transpersonal processes: a bridge between object relations and attachment theory in normal and psychopathological development.

This paper has three aims: (a) to present the further development of the concept of transpersonal processes and the bimodal theory of relational cognition; (b) to show how the bimodal concept illuminates developmental theory and facilitates the move from object relations theory toward a relational systems model; and (c) to show how the attachment paradigm and the notions of internal working models (Bowlby, 1973) and self-reflective capacity (Fonagy, 1991) are both congruent and synergistic with the transpersonal and bimodal concepts.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of parent personality, upbringing, and marijuana use on the parent-child attachment relationship.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictors of the quality of the parent-child attachment relationship among a sample of 248 young adults with children. METHOD: In this longitudinal study, data were collected during early adulthood in 1992 and in 1996/1997 via a structured questionnaire. Using logistic regression and multiple regression analyses, the authors assessed the extent to which participants' personality attributes, substance use, and relationships with their mothers predicted the quality of the parent-child bond. RESULTS: Logistic regression models showed that participants with certain personality attributes (e.g., high sensitivity), less frequent marijuana use, or a close relationship with their mothers had a greater likelihood of having a close parent-child attachment relationship with their own children at a later time. Regression analysis also showed that the risk of earlier substance use on the parent-child relationship was offset by protective factors in the parents' personality domain. In addition, protective factors in the various parental domains synergistically interacted with a low frequency of marijuana use, relating to a closer parent-child attachment relationship. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that certain parenting styles are transmitted across generations and interventions in the personality and drug use domains can help increase the likelihood that parents will form close attachment relationships with their own children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Modulation of dental anxiety--the role of past experiences, psychopathologic traits and individual attachment patterns.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors affecting modulation of dental anxiety among adults. METHODS: A total of 183 adult members of a closed communal society (Kibbutz), who have been treated since childhood only by the dentists employed in their community, were investigated concerning their past and present dental anxiety, evaluation of their past and present dentists, psychopathologic symptoms and individual pattern of attachment. RESULTS: The best predictor of subjects' evaluation of their present dental anxiety was the scale of anxiety as recorded by the SCL-90R questionnaire. The best predictors of the decrease in subjects' dental anxiety over time were the evaluation of their past and present dentists and the secure and avoidant patterns of attachment. Patterns of attachment (avoidant and ambivalent) were the best predictors of subjects' evaluation of their present dentist. CONCLUSIONS: While psychopathologic traits are involved in subjects' present dental anxiety, pattern of attachment may have a dominant affect as to whether anxiety persists throughout life or can be modulated through a corrective emotional experience.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Preventing the entrenchment of high expressed emotion in first episode psychosis: early developmental attachment pathways.

OBJECTIVE: As part of a strategy to consider the options for preventing the developmental entrenchment of expressed emotion (EE), we examine the early ontogeny of EE in a first-episode sample of individuals with psychosis and its links with the process of adaptation to change. METHODS: The key relatives of 50 first-episode psychosis patients from two locations were interviewed soon after patient referral and again 9 months later using measures of expressed emotion and loss. RESULTS: The developmental pathways of components of expressed emotion, particularly criticism and emotional over-involvement, were independent despite having a similar effect on outcome for patients. Initially, high levels of emotional over-involvement were reduced by follow up, with 37% resolving into high criticism. Overall expressed emotion status changed in 28.2% of key relatives (all parental), predominantly from high to low. High emotional over-involvement and low criticism are associated with significantly high levels of perceived loss in relatives. The metamorphosis of emotional over-involvement to criticism was linked to a reduction in perceived loss. CONCLUSIONS: Expressed emotion is not a stable index in relatives of first-episode psychosis samples. Appraisals of loss by relatives may be driving high emotional over-involvement with implications for family intervention programs. Attachment theory may help to explain some of the processes underlying resistance to change in some of the high-EE behaviours measured by expressed emotion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Relationships among attachment styles, personality characteristics, and disordered eating.

OBJECTIVE: Insecure attachment styles and certain personality characteristics (i.e., high levels of neuroticism) have been associated with eating pathology. However, previous research has not examined these variables simultaneously and has not examined possible mediating relationships between attachment and personality characteristics for disordered eating. Because personality characteristics have emerged as some of the most robust predictors of disordered eating, it was predicted that the link between attachment and disordered eating might be through personality styles. METHOD: Participants included 85 female twins and triplets who took part in the Michigan State University Twin Study. Disordered eating, attachment style, and personality characteristics were assessed. Hierarchical linear models were used to examine relationships among the variables. RESULTS: Overall, neuroticism, and extraversion to a lesser extent, mediated the relationship between insecure-resistant attachment and disordered eating. Specifically, higher scores on the neuroticism scale predicted more disordered eating and explained the relationship between insecure-resistant attachment and disordered eating. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that relationships between attachment style and disordered eating are indirect, in that neuroticism fully mediates associations between insecure-resistant attachment and disordered eating.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Human characteristics of pair assembly work in a microgravity environment.

This research focuses on analyzing the human characteristics of pair assembly work in a microgravity environment. To obtain the necessary data, two groups of test subjects participated in an experiment in a pseudomicrogravity environment, and how such factors as work allotment, sizes of assembled objects, and conditions of parts influence the work efficiency were studied. The results show when the assembled object is smaller that it is easier to change the object's position and that workers can move it to an appropriate site and work easily. If the assembly object is attached to an object with very large mass, the work allotment does not result in a difference in work time. As for positioning the objects, step-saving processes can shorten the work time. For instance, if a part can be put so that both ends automatically touch the proper spots, time can be shortened.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical application of precision attachment prosthesis].

OBJECTIVE: In this study, clinical effects of three precision attachment prostheses were evaluated. METHODS: 16 DUOLOCK attachments 15 ANKER SYSTEM attachments and 8 MK 1 attachments were applied to restore 22 dentition defect cases, which consisted of 17 Kenny I defects, 3 Kenny II defects, 2 Kenny III defects. The clinical effects of three precision attachment prostheses were analyzed. RESULTS: 22 patients with precision attachment prostheses were followed up for 6 to 19 months. More than 86% patients felt comfortable, adaptive, aesthetics and fine retention. The rechecking results of 91 abutments displayed that all abutments were healthy without percussion pain, looseness, and disease of root tip and absorption of alveolar bone. The congestion and edema in gingival edge of 21 abutments were reduced after treatment. The masticatory efficiency measurement of 18 patients restored with precision attachment prostheses showed that the patients masticatory efficiency achieved 86.73% of the same age healthy dentition after 3 months, and 90.57% of the same age healthy dentition after 1 year. CONCLUSION: The three attachment prostheses can achieve satisfactory effect.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of wheelchair seating system crashworthiness: "drop hook"-type seat attachment hardware.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the crashworthiness of commercially available hardware that attaches seat surfaces to the wheelchair frame. DESIGN: A low cost static crashworthiness test procedure that simulates a frontal impact motor vehicle crash. SETTING: Safety testing laboratory. SPECIMENS: Eleven unique sets of drop-hook hardware made of carbon steel (4), stainless steel (4), and aluminum (3). INTERVENTIONS: Replicated seat-loading conditions associated with a 20g/48 kph frontal impact. Test criterion for seat loading was 16,680 N (3750 lb). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Failure load and deflection of seat surface. RESULTS: None of the hardware sets tested met the crashworthiness test criterion. All failed at less than 50% of the load that seating hardware could be exposed to in a 20g/48 kph frontal impact. The primary failure mode was excessive deformation, leading to an unstable seat support surface. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that commercially available seating drop hooks may be unable to withstand loading associated with a frontal crash and may not be the best option for use with transport wheelchairs.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1977

The attachment of a retarded child to an inanimate object: translation into clinical utility.

This paper describes the relationship of a moderately retarded boy with autistic features to an inanimate object, relates this relationship to his emotional development, and suggests methods for utilizing observations of his behavior with the object for assessment of cognition. The authors suggest that the object differs only qualitatively from a transitional object. Implications for the evaluation of retarded children include the necessity for approaches identical to those used in evaluating intellectually normal children and interdisciplinary assessment with combinations of behavioral and dynamic techniques. Implications for parent counseling, institutional policies, therapeutic practice, psychological assessment, and personality theory are outlined.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of horizontal attachment loss in extracted teeth.

OBJECTIVE: Probing attachment level provides useful information on patterns of destruction of the periodontium. It is difficult to detect complex attachment loss in clinics. The purpose of this study was to estimate prevalence of vertical and horizontal attachment loss in extracted teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected 10,212 extracted teeth from 130 dentists in Japan. After staining of periodontal membrane with erythrosine, linear loss of vertical and horizontal attachment was measured using a digital caliper. RESULTS: Mean vertical attachment loss varied from 5.3 to 8.6 mm. Incisors had severe attachment loss at mesial sites. Specific local attachment loss at palatal sites was observed in maxillary premolars and molars as well as in mandibular canines and premolars. Horizontal attachment loss was observed in 23% of the teeth. Frequency of horizontal attachment loss of > or = 2.1 mm was 6.4%. CONCLUSION: Severe attachment loss was observed on the palatal side of maxillary premolars. More than 1/3 of the maxillary first molars showed horizontal attachment loss. It may be impossible to debride 6.4% of teeth in cases of severe periodontitis because horizontal attachment loss may be deeper than the curette blade length.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Manufacture and application of the SJ-1 bolt attachment prosthesis]

OBJECTIVE:This study provided a method of manufacture and using for SJ-1 bolt attachment prostheses clinic application.METHODS:SJ-1 bolt attachment prostheses were applied to restorate 10 cases distal extension edentulous area.The patients had been observed for two years.RESULTS:Patients feel the bolt attachment RPDs comfortable,adaptive.CONCLUSION:This prosthesis was fine retention,masticator efficiency and aesthetics.

Journal Article↗