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PubMed1999

[Nosocomial sepsis due to Ochrobactrum anthropi in HIV positive patients: two case reports]

The first two case reports of nosocomial Ochrobactrum anthropi septicemia occurring in patients with HIV disease are presented, and discussed in light of recent evidence of non-fermenting gran-negative bacilli as emerging pathogens in hospitalized immunocompromised patients. Among patients with advanced HIV infection, O. anthropi septicemia may occur even when certain presumed risk factors (notably indwelling catheters and instrumentation) are lacking, while a low CD4+ lymphocyte count, neutropenia, and concurrent AIDS-related complications may act as predisposing conditions. Despite its low intrinsic pathogenicity, O. anthropi should be taken into consideration by both microbiologists and clinicians, due to its cumbersome identification procedures, its prevailing nosocomial occurrence, and its unpredictable antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1989

Properties of a novel D-stereospecific aminopeptidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi.

A novel aminopeptidase active toward D-amino acid-containing peptides, D-amino acid amides, and D-amino acid esters has been purified 2,800-fold to homogeneity from a bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi SCRC C1-38, which had been isolated from soil. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 122,000 and is composed of two identical subunits (Mr = 59,000). The optimal pH for activity was 8.0. It showed strict D-stereospecificity toward substrates including low molecular weight D-amino acid amides such as D-alanine amide, D-alpha-aminobutyric acid amides, and D-serine amide; D-alanine N-alkylamides such as D-alanine-p-nitroanilide, D-alanine benzylamide, and D-alanine n-butylamide; and peptides with a D-alanine at the NH2 terminus such as D-alanylglycine, D-alanylglycylglycine, D-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine, and D-alanine oligomers. Generally, the enzyme did not act on substrates composed of L-amino acid at the NH2 terminus, although it showed low stereospecificity only toward substrates such as the methyl esters of L-alanine, L-serine, and L-alanine-p-nitroanilide. Comparing the Km and Vmax values for the major substrates, it is clear that the enzyme prefers peptides to amino acid arylamides or amino acid amides. The enzyme was tentatively named as "D-aminopeptidase." EDTA and divalent cations have no effect on the enzyme activity. The enzyme appears to be a thiol peptidase.

Alcaligenes↗

PubMed1995

[Comparative susceptibility of Ochrobactrum anthropi, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. denitrificans, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosidans and Bordetella bronchiseptica against 35 antibiotics including 17 beta-lactams].

Ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly known as "Achromobacter sp." or CDC group Vd has been isolated from water, hospital environment (antiseptic solutions, dialysis fluids ... ). O. anthropi is a Gram negative, motile, strictly aerobic, oxydase positive and non-fermentative bacteria with a strong urease activity. The susceptibility of 13 strains of O. anthropi was determined by agar diffusion method and compared to those of type strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. denitrificans, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The MICs of 20 antimicrobial agents confirmed the distinct phenotype susceptibility of O. anthropi. All the strains of O. anthropi are sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin, colistin, sulphonamides and rifampicin and resistant to ampicillin, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, cefuroxime, cefamandol, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazon, ceftazidime, cefsulodin, aztreonam, streptomycin, kanamycin, pipemidic acid, chloramphenicol, erythromicin, pristinamycin, trimethoprim and fosfomycin. O. anthropi is implicated in nosocomial infections. O. anthropi was the species with the greatest resistance to beta-lactamins.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1996

Ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis associated with cadaveric pericardial tissue processed with a contaminated solution--Utah, 1994.

From October 22 through November 3, 1994, three cases of Ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis were diagnosed among pediatric patients at a hospital in Utah (hospital A). The three patients had undergone neurosurgical procedures in which pericardial grafts processed at hospital B were used to close defects of the dura mater. This report summarizes the case investigations, which document that the cases resulted from human pericardial tissue grafts contaminated with O. anthropi.

Alcaligenes↗

PubMed1998

Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia.

Ochrobactrum anthropi is an oxidase-positive, nonfermenting, gram-negative bacillus that is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those with indwelling central venous catheters. Reports of clinical manifestation of O. anthropi bacteremia are rare. Herein, we report the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of O. anthropi bacteremia in 15 patients. There were eight males and seven females, whose ages ranged from 1 month to 84 years (mean, 34 years). Ten infections were community acquired. All patients had severe underlying disease and manifested primary O. anthropi bacteremia with no obvious focus. Only three patients had central venous catheters in place at the onset of bacteremia, but none of these showed evidence of catheter-related infection. The mean duration of fever was 4 days (range 0-11) and the mean white blood cell count was 13 x 10(9)/L (range 5.5-28 x 10(9)). All O. anthropi isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefonicid, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, aztreonam, and ceftazidime, and all were susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone. Most were also susceptible to cefotaxime and moxalactam. Monotherapy with an aminoglycoside or an appropriate beta-lactam (such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) yielded good clinical response. None of the 15 patients died directly from O. anthropi bacteremia. Our findings indicate that O. anthropi is often community acquired and can be pathogenic in critically ill or immunocompromised patients with or without indwelling catheters. Although O. anthropi can produce clinically significant infections, the organism seems to be of relatively low virulence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000